VIVEKANANDHA

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN

[Autonomous]
An ISO 9001:2015Certified Institution
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai,
Accredited by NAAC and NBA Tier –I UG: CSE, EEE, ECE, IT and Bio-Tech.)
Tiruchengode – 637205, Namakkal Dt., Tamil Nadu

A MANUAL
For
PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT
B.E./[Link].

1
[Link] CONTENT PAGE NO
1. GENERAL 3

NUMBER OF COPIES TO BE SUBMITTED FOR

2. 3
EVALUATION

3. SIZE OF REPORT/THESIS 3

4. ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS OF REPORT/THESIS 3

5. PAGE DIMENSIONS AND MARGIN 3

6. PREPARATION FORMAT 4

7. TYPING INSTRUCTION 5

8. APPENDIX 1 6

9. APPENDIX 2 8

10. APPENDIX 3 9

11. APPENDIX 4 11

12. APPENDIX 5 12

13. APPENDIX 6 13

2
 FORMAT FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT for

B.E./[Link].

1. GENERAL:
The manual is intended to provide broad guidelines to the B.E. Candidates in the
preparation of the project report. In general, the project report shall report, in an organized and
scholarly fashion an account of original research work of the candidate leading to the discovery of
new facts or techniques or correlation of facts ready known (analytical, experiments, hardware
oriented etc.)
2. NUMBER OF COPIES TO BE SUBMITTED:
B.E./[Link]. Students should submit six copies to the Head of the Department concerned
on or before the specified date. The Head of the Department shall send
i. One copy to the office of Controller of Examinations.
ii. One copy to the Department library.
iii. One copy to the Main library.
iv. One copy to the supervisor and
v. One copy to the student concerned.
3. SIZE OF PROJECT REPORT:
The size of project report should not exceed 60 pages of typed matter reckoned from the
first page of chapter 1 to the last page.
4. ARRANGEMENT OFCONTENTS:

The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and bound should be as
follows:
1. Cover Page & Title Page
2. Bonafide Certificate
3. Abstract
4. Acknowledgement
5. Table of Contents
6. List of Tables
6. List of Figures
8. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
9. Chapters
10. Appendices
11. References

The table and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

5. PAGE DIMENSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS:

The dimensions of the report/thesis should be [Link] A4 size

(297mmx210mm) paper may be used for preparing the copies. The Report /Thesis (at the time of
submission) should have the following page margins:
Top edge : 30to 35 mm
Bottom edge : 25 to 30 mm
Left side : 35to 40 mm

3
 Right side : 20 to 25 mm

The report/thesis should be prepared on good quality white paper preferably not lower
than 80gsm.

Tables and figures should conform to the margin specifications. Large size figures should be
photographically or otherwise reduced to the appropriate size before insertion.
The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size. The project report should be
bound using flexible cover of the thick white art paper. The cover should be printed in
black letters and the text for printing should be identical.

6. PREPARATION FORMAT:

6.1 Cover Page & Title Page - A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page of the project
report are given in Appendix 1.

6.2 Bonafide Certificate – The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using Font
Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14, as per the format in Appendix 2.

The certificate shall carry the supervisor’s signature and shall be followed by the supervisor’s
Name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of administrative nature), department
and full address of the institution where the supervisor has guided the student. The term
‘SUPERVISOR’ must be typed in capital letters between the supervisor’s name and academic
designation.

6.3 Abstract – Abstract should be one page synopsis of the project report typed double line
spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size14.

6.4 Table of Contents–The table of contents should is tall material following it as well as any
material which precedes it. The title page and Bonafide Certificate will not find a place among the
items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers of which are in lower case Roman
letters. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. A
specimen copy of the Table of Contents of the project report is given in Appendix 3.

6.5 List of Tables –The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above the tables
in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.

6.6 List of Figures –The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below the
figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this
head.

6.7 List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature – One and a half spacing should be
adopted or typing the matter under this head. Standard symbols, abbreviations etc. Should be
used.

6.8 Chapters – The chapters may be broadly divided into 3 parts (i) Introductory chapter, (ii)
Chapters developing the main theme of the project work (iii) and Conclusion.

4
 The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further divided
into several divisions and sub-divisions.
Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.
Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of the reference
where they are cited. Foot notes should be used sparingly. They should be typed single space and
placed directly underneath in the very same page, which refers to the material they annotate.
6.9 Appendices – Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which is included
in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme.
 Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1,
Appendix 2, etc.
 Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be numbered
and referred to as appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.
 Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be
made in the contents page also.
6.10 List of References – The listing of references should be typed 4 spaces below the heading
“REFERENCES” in alphabetical order in single spacing left – justified. The reference material
should be listed in the alphabetical order of the first author. The name of the author/authors
should be immediately followed by the year and other details.

A typical illustrative list given below relates to the citation example quoted above.

REFERENCES

1. Awasthi, M. K., Wang, Q., Huang, H., Ren, X., Lahori, A. H., Mahar, A., Ali, A., Shen, F., Li,
R., & Zhang, Z. (2016). Influence of zeolite and lime as additives on greenhouse gas emissions
and maturity evolution during sewage sludge composting. Bioresource Technology, 216, 172–
181. [Link]
2. Bhanvase, B. A., Veer, A., Shirsath, S. R., & Sonawane, S. H. (2019). Ultrasound assisted
preparation, characterization and adsorption study of ternary chitosan-ZnO-TiO2
nanocomposite: Advantage over conventional method. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 52, 120–
130. [Link]
3. Chandan, R; Kilara , A; SHah, N. (2008). Dairy processing & Quality Assurance. Practical
Action, 44(871954), 8.
4. Feng, W., Yuan, J., Gao, F., Weng, B., Hu, W., Lei, Y., Huang, X., Yang, L., Shen, J., Xu, D.,
Zhang, X., Liu, P., & Zhang, S. (2020). Piezopotential-driven simulated electrocatalytic
nanosystem of ultrasmall MoC quantum dots encapsulated in ultrathin N-doped graphene
vesicles for superhigh H2 production from pure water. Nano Energy, 75,
104990. [Link]
5. Garrido-Hidalgo, C., Olivares, T., Ramirez, F. J., & Roda-Sanchez, L. (2019). An end-to-end
Internet of Things solution for Reverse Supply Chain Management in Industry 4.0. Computers
in Industry, 112, 103127. [Link]

6.10.1 Table and figures – By the word Table, is meant tabulated numerical data in the body of
the project report as well as in the appendices. All other non-verbal materials used in the body of
the project work and appendices such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may be
designated as figures.

7. TYPING INSTRUCTION
5
 The impression on the typed copies should be black in colour. One and half spacing should
be used for typing the general text. The general text shall be typed in the Front style ‘Times New
Roman’ and Font size 14. The word CHAPTER without punctuation should be centered 50mm
down from the top of the page. Two spaces below, the title of the chapter should be typed
centrally in capital letters. The text should commence 4 spaces below this title, the first letter of
the text starting 20 mm, inside from the left hand margin.

*****

6
 APPENDIX 1
(A typical Specimen of Cover Page & Title Page)
<Font Style Times New Roman–Bold>

TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT

<Font Size18><1.5line spacing>

A PROJECT REPORT
<Font Size14>

Submitted by
<Font Size14><Italic>

NAME OF THECANDIDATE(S)
<Font Size16>
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

<Font Size14><1.5line spacing><Italic>

NAME OF THE DEGREE

<Font Size14>
IN
BRANCH OF STUDY
<Font Size14>

VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN

[Autonomous]
An ISO 9001:2015Certified Institution
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai,
Accredited by NAAC and NBA Tier –I UG: CSE, EEE, ECE, IT and Bio-Tech.)
Tiruchengode – 637205, Namakkal Dt., Tamil Nadu
<FontSize16><1.5linespacing>
MONTH& YEAR
<FontSize14>

7
SPECIMEN

PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL
FROM CASSAVA STEM

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

[Link]
[Link]

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN
BIOTECHNOLOGY

VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN

[Autonomous]
An ISO 9001:2015Certified Institution
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai,
Accredited by NAAC and NBA Tier –I UG: CSE, EEE, ECE, IT and Bio-
Tech.)
Tiruchengode – 637205, Namakkal Dt., Tamil Nadu
NOVEMBER 2016

8
APPENDIX 2
(A typical specimen of Bonafide Certificate)
<Font Style Times New Roman>

VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN
<Font Style Times New Roman–size-18>
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
<Font Style Times New Roman–size-16>

<Font Style Times New Roman–size-14>

Certified that this project report “……….TITLE OF THE

PROJECT……………..” is the bonafide work of “…………..NAME OF THE

CANDIDATE(S).…………” who carried out the mini project work under my

supervision.

<<Signature of the Head of the Department>> <<Signature of the Supervisor>>

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

<<Name>> <<Name>>
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

<<Department>> <<Academic Designation>>

<<Department>>
<<Full address of the Dept & College >> <<Full address of the Dept & College
>>

Submitted to the Viva voce Examination held on _____________________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

9
 APPENDIX 3 (A typical specimen of table of contents)
<Font Style Times New Roman>

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Contents Page

Number Number
Abstract iii
List of Table iv
List of Figures v
List of symbols and Abbreviations vi
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 NEED OF ETHANOL
1.1.1 Applications
1.1.2 Advantages
1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH IMPLICATION OF
ETHANOL
1.3 GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL
1.4 GLOBAL CASSAVA PRODUCTION
1.5 CASSAVA PLANT AND NEED FOR ETHANOL
PRODUCTION
1.6. CASSAVA STEM
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION
3.1.1 Estimation of moisture and total solids
3.1.2 Estimation of ash content
3.1.3 Estimation of total soluble sugar
3.1.4 Estimation of starch
3.1.5 Estimation of total protein and nitrogen content
3.1.6 Estimation of cellulose content

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 3.1.7 Estimation of hollocellulose and hemicellulose

3.1.8 Estimation of lignin content

3.1.9 Estimation of pectin content

3.1.10 Estimation of lipid content

3.1.11 Estimation of crude fiber
3.2 OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION MEDIUM USING
ONE FACTOR AT A TIME METHOD
3.2.1 Medium components
3.2.2 Microorganism and culture condition
3.2.3 Effect of carbon sources
3.2.4 Effect of nitrogen sources
3.2.5 Effect of minerals
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION
4.2 OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION MEDIUM USING
ONE-FACTOR-AT-A-TIME METHOD
4.2.1 Effect of carbon source
4.2.2 Effect of nitrogen sources
4.2.3 Effect of minerals
5. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

Annexure I

Annexure II
APPENDIX – 4 (A typical Sample of List of Tables)

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

NUMBER
4.1 Biochemical characterization of YTP1 and H740/92

4.2 Optimization of production medium for one factor at a

time
APPENDIX – 5 (A typical Sample of List of Figures)

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

NUMBER
4.1 Biochemical characterization of YTP1 and H740/92

4.2 Optimization of production medium for one factor at a

time
APPENDIX – 6: (A typical Sample of List of Symbols and Abbreviations)

ABBREVIATIONS

BSA Bovine serum albumin

FCR Folin-Ciocalteu’s Phenol Reagent
g Gram
g/l Gram/ Litre
mg Milligram
wt Weight
µl Microlitre
ml Millilitre
hr Hour
min Minutes
rpm Rotation per minutes
nm Nanometer
% Percentage