FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Revolutionizing Agriculture: Solar-Power and Rainwater Harvester as a Dual

Harvesting System for Maximized Crop Yields and Resource Efficiency in Barangay
Rizal, Delfin Albano, Isabela

A Thesis Paper

Presented to the Faculty of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Florencio L. Vargas College, INC.

Bagay Rd, Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

_________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

_________________

PARANADA, THEREZZE JANE P.

JOSE, HOSSANA JOY G.

CORDOVA, CHERRY MAY T.

BS CIVIL ENGINEERING IV

S.Y. 2023-2024
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CHAPTER I
PROJECT OVERVIEW
Introduction
Modern agriculture is under huge pressure for creative transformation with the escalating

global food demand and rising environmental issues. In the view of DeClerck, F.A.J. et al.,

farming today covers 40% of the Earth's surface, which plays a dominant role in present-day

environmental challenges. Cropland irrigation utilizes up to 70% of the global freshwater

resources (ESA, 2018), while agriculture directly causes around 11% of the world's

greenhouse gas emissions (C2ES, 2023).

The title of this research "Revolutionizing Agriculture: Solar-Power and Rainwater Harvester

as a Dual Harvesting System for Maximized Crop Yields and Resource Efficiency in

Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano, Isabela" came about through the realization of the scarcity of

water supply for irrigation in Barangay Rizal. The existing irrigation system serving

predominantly Barangay Rizal leaves the surrounding areas with hardly any water, indicating

the need for alternative and sustainable water management practices. This research will end

this water shortage through research on the design and feasibility of a more integrated water

resource management.

The solar-power and rainwater harvesting potential is the most viable in regions such as

Delfin Albano, Isabela, where access to clean electricity and water sources is limited. The

innovative method helps farmers overcome the drought and water scarcity issues with the

help of solar power in pumping and screening rainwater for consistent irrigation purposes,

ensuring optimum crop growth. This dual practice of harvesting also enhances resource use

efficiency and saves the use of conventional irrigation methods, thereby limiting

environmental impact and encouraging sustainable agricultural practices.

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Statement of the Problem

This study, therefore, seeks to assess the feasibility of a dual harvesting system

combining solar and water harvesting techniques to mitigate these challenges. It would like

to explore the delivery of renewable energy and water supply for irrigation, through the

coupling of solar power with rainwater harvesting and its potential for enhancing agriculture

practices in the region.

Furthermore, the study will evaluate the potential viability, economic efficiency, and

sustainability of the implementation of such a system in Barangay Rizal,Delfin Albano,

Isabela capable of increasing crop yields while preserving natural resources.

1. How can the solar power and rainwater harvesting systems be integrated to

provide a safe and renewable supply for the irrigation and energy needs of

Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano, Isabela?

2. How much improvement in crop productivity and resource use efficiency are we

expecting by using a dual harvesting system?

3. How will the community benefit economically, environmentally, and socially

from moving to this system?

4. In what ways, financially or otherwise, would this dual harvesting model be

sustainable, alongside the infrastructure and the community to make it happen?

General Objectives
1. To develop an effective and sustainable dual harvesting system in Barangay Rizal, Delfin

Albano, Isabela, with a solar-powered rainwater harvester for improving crop yield and
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efficiency in the utilization of resources and helping promote the socioeconomic progress of

the community.

1.1 Formulate specific system details in terms of components, capacity, and procedures of

operation.

1.2 Construct a process map detailing water movement from collection to distribution with

mechanisms of filtration and storage.

2. Assess the Economic Feasibility of the Irrigation System:

2.1 Estimate the cost of initial investment in the system, including labor, materials, and

installation.

2.2 Compare the running costs of the solar-powered system with conventional methods of

irrigation.

Scope and Limitations

Scope:
This research study is limited to Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano, Isabela and it aims to make

an audit on the agricultural practices in this part of the community. This localized assessment

aims to appraise the viability and success of dual harvesting systems (solar power and

rainwater harvesting).

The two main aspects of the proposed dual harvesting system are to be researched — solar

power (to provide electricity to irrigation systems and other farming requirements) and

rainwater harvesting (to enhance irrigation water sources). This measure would help the

study understand how these systems could be integrated, perform individually and/or together

as well as their longevity in agricultural productivity.

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Crop Types: The different types of crops that this study would use are based on the general

farming practices in Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano, Isabela. Use of “crops that are generally

grown in the region” instead of “specific regional crops” meaning, although it may not cover

every specific crop, it will focus on the benefits to crops typically planted in that area.

Timing: The research will be performed over one complete growing season (either in the

field or in the laboratory) to assess early effects in terms of crop yield gain, resource-use

efficiency and system sustainability.

Assessing Sustainability: The study will assess the economic, environmental, and social

potential for a dual harvesting system, analyzing potential cost savings, reduced dependency

on external resources, and improved local livelihoods.

Limitations:
Limited Coverage for Technology Implementation: The study will cover the conceptual

and pilot-scale implementation of dual harvesting system in the scope of Barangay Rizal,

Delfin Albano, Isabela. It might not be able to run a complete, long-term operation with

every farm in the region.

Budget and resource limitations: Construction of prototype systems may rely on available

funding and resources. It might only be possible to install at a certain scale and technical

solutions/varieties of solar and rainwater harvesting systems might not be considered.

Climate and Environmental Variability: The study results may potentially be impacted by

seasonality, rainfall variability, and solar energy availability, so the findings are not

necessarily broadly generalizable. The presence of unexpected weather events or erratic

rainfall might make it impossible to come to conclusive long-term inferences about the

system's efficacy.
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Farmer Participation and Adoption: The results of the study will depend on how many

local farmers participate and the degree to which they adopt the practices. The study

outcomes can still be influenced by farmer willingness towards adopting and adapting to new

technologies since resistance to change and lack of technical knowledge may prevent full

implementation.

Limited Timeframe for Yield Assessment: Inherently, agricultural production is a long-

term process, hence the study would be reflective of only short-term crop yields and system

performance with little scope for understanding long term sustainability and future impacts

on incremental harvests.

Technical and Operational Challenges: Implementation of the dual harvesting system

relies on several technical aspects, such as systems responsible for solar panel installation and

rainwater collection infrastructure, which may be subject to maintenance, weather adaptation

or malfunctions throughout the study period.

Definition of terms
Crop Enhancement. The steps taken to enhance general productivity and quality of crops by

employing different strategies. Such factors can be to increase yield, improve resource

efficiency, and enhance desirable characteristics of the harvested crops.

Crop Yield: Total quantity of harvested crops per unit of land Crop yield, a metric for

agricultural productivity, depends on plant growth, harvest index, planting density, etc.

Dual Harvesting System. A model comprising two or more approaches to resource

collection and utilization. Here, in the domain of this research, it could include the illustration

of rainwater harvesting and solar energy for the efficient management of water and crops.
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Rainwater harvesting. Collecting the run-off of a structure, or other impervious surface, for

the purpose of storing it for future use.

Resource efficiency. Optimizing utilization of water, nutrients, energy, etc.; minimizing

waste, pollution, and energy consumption It is about adopting practices and technologies that

use resources more efficiently.

Solar Power. Solar energy is the conversion of sunlight into energy, either directly using

solar panels (photovoltaic or PV) or indirectly using concentrated solar power.

Water Shortage. Insufficient water availability in the region (including a lack of access to

safe water supply).

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CHAPTER II
PROJECT BACKGROUND
History of the Proposed Project Area
Barangay Rizal was formerly part of Tumauini, Isabela. The residents always

celebrate their fiesta every 30th of December and it is also the day when Filipinos

commemorates the death anniversary of our National Hero Jose Rizal. Since then, the people

called the place Barrio Rizal.

Before the Second World War, Barangay Rizal was still a part of Tumauini,

Teniente Angel Balete was the head of the barrio, and his auxiliary was Cecilio Carnate.

Their term lasted when the second World War ended. Mr. Vicente Albano took over as the

Teniente Del Barrio. In 1950, term teniente del barrio was changed to Barrio Lieutenant and

Mr. Jose Pastor became the Barangay Lieutenant followed by Jose Puducay and Fernando

Baquing. In 1960, Barrio Lieutenant Gavino Carnate took over. In 1963, barangay election

was done through secret balloting, that time barrio lieutenant was changed to Barangay

Captain. Baranagay Captain Macario Laciste and his councilors Jacinto Rabara, Pedrito

Baquing, Pablo Martinez and Maximo Acidera led Barangay for seven years.

In 1973, Jacinto Rabara, who has a good leadership record among the

councilors, was elected Barangay Captain. During his administration, the waiting shed and

basketball court were established, and the Barangay Road was improved.

In 1986 after snap President Election, Santos Valiente was appointed as OIC

Barangay Captain and Rogelio Sao, Saturnina Panag, Thelma Rabara, Isidro Balete, Antonio
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Barut and Maximo Acidera as the Barangay Councilors. The Barangay Secretary was

Constante Catiggay and Nolonia Maltizo as treasurers.

From 1989 to 2007 the Barangay is under the leadership of Barangay Captain

Virgilio B. Pastor. During his term of office, many projects were implemented such as the

Barangay Hall, multi-purpose pavement and the barangay office. The most important project

was the 100 meters long concrete road within the barangay that serve as the drying pavement

in the barangay.

During the first term of Barangay Captain Pastor, they awarded as outstanding

leaders because of their outstanding accomplishments, with him are his councilors namely:

Rudy R. Esteban, Macario B. Laciste, Antonio C. Barut, Santos V. Valiente Sr., Maximo P.

Acidera, Isidro C. Balete and Conrado Balete with Melchor P. Bustillos as the Sk Chairman,

Antonia L. Maltizo as the Secretary and Rafael L. Laciste as the Treasurer. Barangay Captain

Pastor was re-elected as the Barangay Captain in 1994. In his second term, Day Care Center

was constructed with a package of a concreted flagpole, with him are Edwin B. Galam, Irineo

P. Valiente Jr., Antonio C. Barut Jr, Ronald P. Pascual, Santos V. Valiente Sr., Maximo P.

Acidera, Quintin A. Puyot, James E. Mariano (SK Chairman), Melchor P. Bustillos

(Secretary) and Rafael L. Laciste(Treasurer). Again in 1997, Barangay Captain Pastor was

unopposed during election, with him was his kagawad namely: Quintin A. Puyot, Edwin B.

Galam, Santos V. Valiente Sr., Antonio C. Barut Jr. Ismael A. Andaya, Rogelio L. Laciste,

Irineo P. Valiente Jr. and Randy R. Asuncion, Glory S. Galam as the SK Chairwoman,

Melchor P. Bustillos as the Secretary and Rafael L. Laciste as the Treasurer. The 100 meters

long concrete road was continuously constructed, and the concrete road became 500 meters

long. The barangay is increasing its economic situation and because of this, the Department

of Agriculture awarded the barangay with Animal Dispersal Project. Barangay Captain
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continued his services to Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano, Isabela and end his term at year

2007 with Maximo P. Acidera, Rudy A. Carnate, Randy A. Asuncion, Edwin B. Galam,

Reymundo P. Viernes, Rogelio S. Agas Sr., Ismael A. Andaya, John Royce C. Laciste (SK

Chairman), Marilyn B. Bustillos (Secretary) and Rafael L. Laciste Treasurer.

It has been envisioned that Barangay Rizal will become the most peaceful

barangay in the municipality; hence, progress will be continuing to go up through the

leadership of Barangay Captain Virgilio Pastor and his successors.

After the administration of Barangay Captain Pastor, followed him was

Barangay Captain Rogelio S. Agas Sr., with him are his Sangguniang barangay members

namely, Franklin M. Catiggay, Ismael A. Andaya, Randy R. Asuncion, Quintin A. Puyot,

Rudy A. Carnate, Johnny V. Agas, Martin B. Pastor Jr and Rachelle Ann T. Carpiso as the

SK Chairman. In his term in service, he has three consecutive treasurers: Conrado Buted,

Carmelita P. Mendoza and Isidoro V. Mariano Jr. And three consecutive secretaries:

Carmelita P. Mendoza, Leonora M. Buted and Glory G. Jose. During his administration,

Purok 5’s road was almost concreted.

From 2010 up to present, Punong Barangay Johnny V. Agas was elected at his first term and

unopposed at his 2 consecutive terms. In him in his first term were his kagawad: Randolph R.

Asuncion, Patricio J. Taccad III, Rudy A. Carnate, Martin B. Pastor Jr. Rudy R. Esteban,

Remigio V. Galam Jr., Teodulo C. Barut, Elyness C. Valiente the SK Ch

Geographical Data
A. Location and Climate
Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano, Isabela, Philippines It is located approximately at map

coordinate 17° 19'N 121° 47'E as shown at Figure 1, Barangay Rizal is east of Cagayan
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River, south of AH26 highway and is relatively near to barangay Villa Luz as a reference. In

Figure 2 is an aerial view of the site of the proposed project in Barangay Rizal, Delfin

Albano, Isabela. Surrounding the area are other agricultural fields, structures, and roads,

giving context to the location of the project within the surrounding infrastructure.

According to the Comprehensive Land Use Plan Volume 3-Sectoral Studies for Delfin

Albano, Isabela, Barangay Rizal experiences a tropical monsoon climate like other areas in

Eastern and Coastal Isabela. It is characterized by moderate rainfall distributed throughout

the year, with a peak rainy season from October to November. October and July receive the

most rainfall with a precipitation count of 303.72mm. The mentioned climate scenario creates

opportunities along with challenges to the proposed system of rainwater harvesting and solar

power. This climate pattern presents both opportunities and challenges for the proposed

rainwater harvesting and solar power system. The relatively even rainfall distribution can

ensure a consistent water supply for the system, while the peak rainy season necessitates

careful design considerations to manage potential overflow and ensure system durability

during periods of heavy rainfall.

Figure 1: Satellite Image of Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano Isabela

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Figure 2: Aerial View of the Proposed Project Site in Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano Isabela

Statistical Data
1. Demographic Data

a. Age Distribution
Age Number of Farmers Percentage

25-34 3 4.84%

35-44 8 12.90%

45-54 25 40.32%

55-64 16 25.81%

65--74 7 11.29%

75-80 3 4.84%

Total 62 100%

Table 1: Age Distribution of Farmers (with own farmland)

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Out of the 62 respondents, the survey data shows that 40.32 % of the farmers are

between 45 and 54 years of age, which is quite a large proportion of the farming community

that are either at their peak working age or a few years into it. The second largest group of

farmers (25.81%) are those who are between 55 and 64 years old, and thus a big segment of

farmers are close to retirement age. On the other hand, only a very small number of farmers

(4.84%) fit into the younger age brackets (25-34 and 75-80). Therefore, this population

structure seems to be pointing to the necessity of putting succession planning and the training

of the young on the agenda if the farming practices in Barangay Rizal is to be sustainable in

the long run. The big share of those farmers who fall into the older age categories (45-64)

may usher in both good and bad news for the dual harvesting system adoption. Their insights

would indeed be vital in the execution of the system, although their hesitation to adapt due to

age or dependence on traditional methods indicates that efforts should be put on building

targeted training and support programs. Generational engagement further necessitates various

intervention methods—this could mean primarily focusing on the economic benefits and

sustainability of the system.

b. Gender Distribution

Gender Number of Farmers Percentage

Male 42 67.7%

Female 20 32.3%

Total 62 100%

Table 2: Gender Distribution of Farmers (with own farmland)

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A study involving 62 farmers proved that there is a gender imbalance, with 67.7%

being males and only 32.3% being female. Such a large difference must be taken into

consideration when planning the project to guarantee an equal access to and a utilization of

resources and training, and to tap into both male and female farmers' different knowledge and

perspectives. To make the most of the project's impact and to create sustainable results,

inclusive participation schemes are necessary.

2. Agricultural Production

a. Farm Type

Farm Type Number of Farmers Percentage

Rice/Palay 62 100%

Table 3: Distribution of Farm Types among surveyed Farmers (with own farmland)

All respondents were concentrating only on growing rice/palay in their farms, thus

having the same kind of farming practices, which is at the same time beneficial and

demanding for the project. While the exclusive cultivation of one crop only makes it easy to

use a dual harvesting system, it also enables the trainers and other supportive staff to come up

with the training materials and a more targeted service to the rice/palay farming community.

However, it could be disadvantageous for the project to realize that the remaining niches are

untapped or low in potential, thus ending up without an appropriate alternative. The success

of the project in the case of rice/palay farming may not necessarily mean the success when

applied to other farming systems. Further research may investigate the possibility of the dual

harvesting system's application to other types of crops in the region.

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b. Years of Farming Experience

Years of Experience Number of Farmers Percentage

5-10 years 18 29.03%

11-20 years 9 14.52%

More than 20 years 35 56.45%

Total 62 100%

Table 4: Distribution of Years of Farming among surveyed Farmers (with own farmland)

The data from the survey showed a very high number of rice farms with many years of

experienced farmers with 56.45% having more than 20 years of experience. This signifies

that there is a vast reserve of such a resource in the community so that the adoption of new

technologies is quite possible. However, the distribution that shows at least 5 and no more

than 10 years of activity by the said portion (29.03%) and the second smallest portion

(14.52%) are the still active ones having experienced from 11 to 20 years only which reveal

the necessity of customized training targeted at benefit equality and gap filling with respect to

generational knowledge. Experienced farmers have the most weight in this project.
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c. Farm size

Farm Size Number of Average Farm Total Percentage

(hectares) Owners Size(hectares) Area(hectares) of Land

owned (%)

Less than 1 5

hectare 0.798 3.99 3.04%

1-3 hectares 49 1.699 83.23 63.50%

3-5 hectares 4 3.44 13.75 10.49%

More than 5 4

hectares 7.53 30.10 22.97%

Total 62 13.47 131.07 100%

Table 5:

The table presents the land distribution across various farm sizes in Barangay Rizal,

Delfin Albano, Isabela. The fact that the largest part of the land (63.50%) falls within the

smallest size range of 1 to 3 hectares suggests that the other categories are close to the

median. The remaining shares of the land are represented by the smaller farms which take

3.04% and the ones larger than 5 hectares which account for a significant figure of 22.97%.

Around 10.49% of the total land falls under the category of farms between 3 and 5 hectares,

the largest ones being 22.97% of the total land. With this figure we can identify that the total

land area is 131.07 hectares.

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d. Water and Energy Source

Water Source(s) Frequency Percentage

Rainwater 52 45.61%

Groundwater /Well 62 54.39%

Total 114 100%

Table 6: Water Source Summary

The table presents the distribution of water sources used within the surveyed area. The data

shows that groundwater or well sources account for the majority, with 54.39% of the total

responses, indicating that most of the water used comes from traditional underground

sources. On the other hand, rainwater harvesting makes up 45.61%, which is a significant

share, showing a growing inclination toward sustainable water practices. With a total of 114

responses, the figures suggest that while groundwater remains the dominant source, rainwater

is also widely utilized, reflecting a balanced approach between conventional and eco-friendly

water sourcing methods.

Energy Source(s) Frequency Percentage

Diesel/Gasoline 59 58.42%

Electricity 36 35.64%

Solar Power 6 5.94%

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Total 101 100%

Table 7: Energy Source Summary

The table presents the distribution of energy sources used by respondents. Most of the

respondents, 58.42%, rely on diesel or gasoline, indicating a strong dependence on

conventional fossil fuels for energy needs. Electricity accounts for 35.64%, suggesting that a

significant portion of the energy supply is derived from the grid or local power sources.

Meanwhile, solar power is used by only 5.94% of the respondents, highlighting its limited

adoption despite its potential as a renewable energy alternative. With a total of 101 responses,

the data reflects a clear dominance of non-renewable energy sources, although the presence

of solar energy shows some movement toward sustainability.

e. Major challenges

Challenges Frequency Percentage

Low Crop Yields 18 29.03%

Water Shortage 23 37.10%

High Energy Cost 17 27.42%

Limited Access to technology 4 6.45%

Total 62 100%

Table 8: Distribution of the Major Challenges in Farming

The table outlines the primary challenges faced by respondents in the surveyed area. The

most reported issue is water shortage, accounting for 37.10% of responses, which highlights

the critical need for improved water management or irrigation systems. This is followed by
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low crop yields at 29.03%, suggesting concerns related to soil fertility, farming practices, or

climate conditions. High energy cost is also a significant challenge, reported by 27.42% of

the respondents, pointing to the financial strain caused by dependence on fuel or electricity.

Lastly, limited access to technology is identified by 6.45% of respondents, indicating that

while it is less common, it remains a barrier to improving productivity and efficiency. With a

total of 62 responses, the data shows that water availability and crop performance are the

most pressing issues, while energy and technological access are also key factors affecting

agricultural operations in the area.

3. Awareness and Interest in Solar Power & Rainwater Harvesting

a. Familiarity of Solar Power and Rainwater Harvesting
Solar Percentage Rainwater Percentage
Power Harvesting
Yes, I use it 8 12.90% 0 0
Yes, but I don’t use it 54 87.10% 37 59.68%
No 0 0 25 40.32%
Total 62 100% 62 100%

Table 9:
According to the survey, about 87.10% of farmers know what solar power is. Still,

they do not use it. Out of the total, only 12.90% of them are using the solar power. Thus, no

doubt that there is a market for solar-powered systems, but it also emphasizes the need to find

the reasons for non-adoption such as cost, lack of knowledge, maintenance concerns. The

survey also reveals that a significant part of the population which is 59.68% are aware of

rainwater harvesting but still, they do not make use of it. This is a clear sign of the existence

of a similar opportunity and the need to remove the barriers to adoption. As for the rest of the

farmers, the response rate was 40.32% who do not know what rainwater harvesting is.

b. Consider Combined System

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Frequency Percentage
Yes 43 69.35%
No 0 0
Maybe 19 30.65%
Total 62 100%

Table 10:
A significant majority (69.35%) of farmers indicate interest in a solar-powered

rainwater harvesting system ("Yes"). Such a strongly affirmative response indicates high

adoption potential. A significant minority (30.65%) is uncertain ("Maybe"). This group needs

further engagement and education to mitigate their concerns and perhaps boost adoption

rates. Nobody responded with "No"

c. factors encourage farmers to adopt a dual solar and rainwater harvesting

system

Frequency Percentage

Increased Crop yields 13 11.71%

Environmental Benefits 12 10.81%

Government 46 41.44%
support/subsidies

Lower cost 40 36.04%

Total 111 100%

Table 11: factors encourage farmers adopt a dual solar and rainwater harvesting system

The table lists the data that would encourage farmers to choose the dual system. The

statistics show government support along with financial subsidies lead 41.44% of farmers to

adopt new technologies. Government subsidies would lower the high upfront expenses of the
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system to make it reachable for farm owners. The price of the equipment is fundamental for

farmers to make their selection (36.04%). The dual system will gain more farmer acceptance

because it minimizes operational expenditures below normal farming practices. The ability of

new technologies to produce significantly higher harvests (11.71%) emerges as an acceptable

although lower-level reason for adoption. Demonstrating direct connections between the

system with better crop production remains essential for farmers to embrace them.

Environmental benefits is 10.81% of farm system adoption while being less influential than

economic factors.

d. Main concerns about adopting Solar power and Rainwater Harvester

Frequency Percentage

High initial cost 23 37.10%

Lack of technical 10 16.13%

knowledge
Maintenance and repairs 14 22.58%

Uncertainty of benefits 15 24.19%

Total 62 100%

12: Main concerns about adopting solar Power and Rainwater Harvester

Table shows the top concern of respondents regarding the adoption of solar power and

rainwater harvesting system. 37.10% of people stated that the biggest concern is the high

initial cost. This suggests that although there is significant engagement with these systems,

the high initial cost is a significant barrier for many people, or communities looking to make

the switch. Also, 24.19% of participants were concern about the uncertainty benefits. This

means that even though we recognize that solar and rainwater systems have potential
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benefits, there are also doubts about whether they'll be effective or provide a good financial

return in the long run. Another important issue mentioned by 22.58% are the maintenance

and repairs required by those systems.

4. Feasibility and Potential Impact

a. Willingness to implement a solar power and rainwater harvesting system

Frequency Percentage

Yes 62 100%

No 0 0

Maybe 0 0

Total 62 100%

Table 13: Willingness to implement a solar power and rainwater harvesting system

The table shows 100% among respondents to implement solar power with rainwater

harvesting system because all 62 participants in the survey support sustainable technology

adoption. The survey participants exhibited strong agreement on the implementation of such

sustainability systems as they did not provide any uncertain or negative responses. From the

data collected, Barangay Rizal is fully motivated to adopt renewable energy and sustainable

water management techniques, possibly due to perceived environmental benefits, reduced

costs, and government funding available for these types of projects. Since survey

respondents reported the highest willingness to adopt them, these systems represent an

attractive implementation opportunity.

 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

b. Improvements of crop yields

Frequency Percentage

No Improvement 0 0

Slight Improvement 8 13%

Moderate Improvement 18 29%

Significant Improvement 36 58%

Total 62 100%

Table 14: Opinion of the respondents on the Improvements of Crop Yields

The table shows the opinion of respondents about the improvements in crop yields

when the proposed project solar power system and rainwater harvesting system. The most

notable improvement is that 58% of respondents reported a significant improvement in crop

yields. This implies that the infusion of sustainable systems that include rainwater harvesting,

and solar power had a very positive influence on agricultural yields. A moderate

improvement in crop yield was reported by 29% of respondents. While not as substantial as

those reporting significant improvement, it still demonstrated a positive impression of the

systems on yield. Interestingly, 13% of farmers reported a slight improvement in crop yield -

this is still an indicator that the introduction of systems resulted in some increase in

productivity, even though it was modest. Importantly, no respondents reported no

improvement in crop yield which suggests that everyone that will adopt the system will reap

some benefit. In total, with 62 responses to this question, it demonstrates a strong relationship

between solar power and rainwater collection systems leading to positive increases in crop

yield, with most respondents reporting moderate to significant yield improvement.

 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Relative and Initiative Studies about these Area

Figure 4 shows the resolution from the Rizal Farmer's Association in Barangay Rizal, Delfin

Albano, Isabela. This is to formally requests ten solar-powered irrigation systems from the

Department of Agriculture, Region II. The association's members' primary source is diesel-

powered irrigation, which is expensive and unsustainable due to fluctuating fuel prices and

limiting irrigation to the wet season. Electric power from the local cooperative is not an

appropriate alternative either since it is expensive. The resolution encourages the utilization

of solar-powered irrigation systems (SPIS) as a more cost-efficient and sustainable

technology to increase productivity and farmers' income. The request is for the number of

systems irrigating 100-150 hectares of land. The resolution states that for the farmers, the

high initial installation cost of the SPIS is a limitation in adopting this technology.

Hence, this resolution clearly demonstrates that there is an urgent need for the proposed dual

harvesting system of solar-powered irrigation in the community, marking significant local

support for the implementation of the project. This document shows that the community

participated and highlights the problem targeted by the proposed dual harvesting system
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Figure 3: Resolution from the Rizal Farmer's Association in Barangay Rizal, Delfin
Albano, Isabela
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Letters of Request
Response Letter
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

CHAPTER III
DETAILED ENGINEERING PROJECT
Complete Set of Profiles and Cross-Sections

Figure 4: Elevation Profile: route of 2 km

The figure shows of an elevation profile for a route that has a length of 2 kilometers.

The red line indicates the change in elevation along the route. The profile indicates a

generally flat line with slight variations, culminating in a slight descent at the end. The

ground is quite flat with minor elevation changes. The steepest section of the course has an

approximate gradient of 2.9%, considered gentle and suitable for most levels of fitness. The

final altitude is around 31 meters, equivalent to the lowest point along the route, indicating a

mild overall drop.

ELEVATION DATA:

Distance Traveled: 2 km

Elevation Range:

 Min: 31 meters

 Max: 34 meters

 Average: 32 meters

 Elevation Change: Net loss of 2.43 meters (4.77 m gain - 7.2 m loss)

Max Slope:
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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 Uphill: 2.8%

 Downhill: -2.9%

Average Slope:

 Uphill: 0.4%

 Downhill: -0.8%

Complete Set of Structural Plan and Design

PERSPECTIVE
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

ELECTRICAL PLAN

Bill of Quantities
A. Detailed Estimate
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Material Recovery Facility

PROJ EC T NAME Solar Pow er and Rainw ater Harvester
LOC ATION Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano, Isabela
Item No./ Descriptio: I
Output per day. : 10.00 meters/ day
64
No. Of day/ s : 6 Unit: meters/ day

No. of
Designation No. of days Daily Rate Amount
Person
A. Labor

Project Engineer 1 6.4 1500 9600

Materials Engineer 1 6.4 1000 6400
Geometric Surveyor 1 2 1200 2400
Foreman 1 6.4 900 5760
Mason 5 6.4 580 18560
Laborers (Skilled) 1 6.4 580 3712
Laborers (Unskilled) 6 6.4 420 16128
Electrician (for solar & pump wiring) 1 2 700 1400
Plumber 1 2 700 1400
Sub - Total for A 65,360.00
No of
Name and Capacity No. of day/s Daily Rate Amount
Units
B. Equipment
Usa ge Fa ctor

Dumptruck (10-Wheeler) 1 1 6000 6000

Backhoe (1 cu.m.) 1 1 6500 6500
Concrete Mixer (1-Bagger) 1 2 650 1300
Plate Compactor 1 1 1250 1250
Water Pump 1 1 750 750
Compactor (Walk-Behind) 1 1 1200 1200
Vibrator for Concrete 1 1 1000 1000
Solar Panel Mounting Tools 1 1 5000 5000
Submersible Water Pump Testing Tools 1 1 1500 1500

Sub - Total for B 24,500.00

C. Total (A + B) 89,860.00
D. Quantity = .0 cu.m.
E. Direct C ost (A+B) 89,860.00
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Name and Specification Unit Quantity Unit Cost Amount

F. Structural Works Materials

C ement (Portland) bag 150.00 280.00 42000

Sand (Fine Aggregate) cu.m. 1.20 1,500.00 1800
Gravel (C oarse Aggregate) cu.m. 2.00 1,800.00 3600
Ready-Mixed C oncrete (3000 psi) cu.m. 28.00 5,500.00 154000
Deformed Reinforcing Bars kg 1,400.00 75.00 105000
Tie Wire (Gauge #16) kg 30.00 120.00 3600
C HB (Hollow C oncrete Blocks) pcs 500.00 55.00 27500
Mortar Mix (C ement + Sand) bag 300.00 280.00 84000
Formw orks (Marine Plyw ood) pcs 70.00 980.00 68600
Lumber (2x2 Good Lumber) [Link] 200.00 85.00 17000
Architectural Works Materials
C eiling Board (Gypsum) sq.m. 64.00 750.00 48000
Wooden Doors (Flush) set 4.00 5,500.00 22000
Metal Door Hinges set 4.00 250.00 1000
Paint (Latex for Interior) gal 20.00 850.00 17000
Paint (Enamel for Metal) gal 20.00 950.00 19000
Fencing and Solar Materials
G.I. Pipe (Fence Post) pcs 12.00 750.00 9000
C yclone Wire Mesh roll 2.00 4,800.00 9600

Solar Panels (250W–350W) pcs 12.00 9,000.00 108000

Mounting Frame & Brackets set 12.00 1,200.00 14400
C harge C ontroller unit 1.00 5,000.00 5000
Inverter unit 1.00 15,000.00 15000
Deep C ycle Battery (12V) unit 4.00 6,000.00 24000
Electrical Wiring + Accessories lot 1.00 10,000.00 10000
Plumbing and Water System

Submersible Pump (1 HP) unit 1.00 18,000.00 18000

PVC Pipes (Sch 40, Ø1.5") length 20.00 350.00 7000
PVC Elbow s, Tees, C ouplings pcs 20.00 75.00 1500
Gate Valve (Ø1.5") pcs 2.00 550.00 1100
C heck Valve pcs 1.00 900.00 900
Union Type Ball Valve pcs 1.00 600.00 600
Water Tank (8000L Polyethylene) unit 2.00 175,000.00 350000
Hose Bibbs / Faucet pcs 4.00 250.00 1000
Electrical Wiring + J unction Box (Pump) lot 1.00 3,500.00 3500
Pump Starter Panel / Breaker set 1.00 5,500.00 5500
C oncrete Fence + Posts + C yclone Wire lot 1.00 18,000.00 18000

x Sub - Total for F 1216200

G. Direct Unit C ost (E + F) 1,306,060.00
H. Overhead, C ontingencies & Miscellaneous (OC M) 8% 104,484.80
I. C ontractor's Profit (C P) 10% 130,606.00
J. Value Added Tax (VAT) 5% (DC +O C M +C P) 65,303.00
K. Total Unit C ost (G + H + I + J ) 1,606,453.80
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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B. Bill of Materials
BILL OF MATERIALS
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT No. of UNIT COST TOTAL COST
1 LAYOUT & EXCAVATION WORKS
Project Engineer 1.00 6.40 1,500.00 9,600.00
Materials Engineer 1.00 6.40 1,000.00 6,400.00
Geometric Surveyor 1.00 2.00 1,200.00 2,400.00
Foreman 1.00 6.40 900.00 5,760.00
Mason 5.00 6.40 580.00 18,560.00
Laborers (Skilled) 1.00 6.40 580.00 3,712.00
Laborers (Unskilled) 6.00 6.40 420.00 16,128.00
Electrician (for solar & pump wiring) 1.00 2.00 700.00 1,400.00
Plumber 1.00 2.00 700.00 1,400.00

Materials
Cement (Portland) 150.00 bag 280.00 42,000.00
Sand (Fine Aggregate) 1.20 cu.m. 1,500.00 1,800.00
Gravel (Coarse Aggregate) 2.00 cu.m. 1,800.00 3,600.00
Ready-Mixed Concrete (3000 psi) 28.00 cu.m. 5,500.00 154,000.00
Deformed Reinforcing Bars 1,400.00 kg 75.00 105,000.00
Tie Wire (Gauge #16) 30.00 kg 120.00 3,600.00
CHB (Hollow Concrete Blocks) 500.00 pcs 55.00 27,500.00
Mortar Mix (Cement + Sand) 300.00 bag 280.00 84,000.00
Formworks (Marine Plywood) 70.00 pcs 980.00 68,600.00
Lumber (2x2 Good Lumber) 200.00 [Link] 85.00 17,000.00

Ceiling Board (Gypsum) 64.00 sq.m. 750.00 48,000.00

Wooden Doors (Flush) 4.00 set 5,500.00 22,000.00
Metal Door Hinges 4.00 set 250.00 1,000.00
Paint (Latex for Interior) 20.00 gal 850.00 17,000.00
Paint (Enamel for Metal) 20.00 gal 950.00 19,000.00

G.I. Pipe (Fence Post) 12.00 pcs 750.00 9,000.00

Cyclone Wire Mesh 2.00 roll 4,800.00 9,600.00
Solar Panels (250W–350W) 12.00 pcs 9,000.00 108,000.00
Mounting Frame & Brackets 12.00 set 1,200.00 14,400.00
Charge Controller 1.00 unit 5,000.00 5,000.00
Inverter 1.00 unit 15,000.00 15,000.00
Deep Cycle Battery (12V) 4.00 unit 6,000.00 24,000.00
Electrical Wiring + Accessories 1.00 lot 10,000.00 10,000.00

Submersible Pump (1 HP) 1.00 unit 18,000.00 18,000.00

PVC Pipes (Sch 40, Ø1.5") 20.00 length 350.00 7,000.00
PVC Elbows, Tees, Couplings 20.00 pcs 75.00 1,500.00
Gate Valve (Ø1.5") 2.00 pcs 550.00 1,100.00
Check Valve 1.00 pcs 900.00 900.00
Union Type Ball Valve 1.00 pcs 600.00 600.00
Water Tank (8000L Polyethylene) 2.00 unit 175,000.00 350,000.00
Hose Bibbs / Faucet 4.00 pcs 250.00 1,000.00
Electrical Wiring + Junction Box (Pump) 1.00 lot 3,500.00 3,500.00
Pump Starter Panel / Breaker 1.00 set 5,500.00 5,500.00
Concrete Fence + Posts + Cyclone Wire 1.00 lot 18,000.00 18,000.00

GRAND TOTAL 1,228,160.00

C. Bill of Quantities
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

BILL OF QUANTITIES
NAME OF PROJECT: Solar Power and Rainwater Harvester
LOCATION: Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano, Isabela
ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION % TOTAL QUANTITY UNIT UNIT COST TOTAL ESTIMATED
I LAYOUT & EXCAVATION WORKS COST
Equipment / Tools
Dumptruck (10-Wheeler) 0.37349% 1.00 6,000.00 6,000.00
Backhoe (1 cu.m.) 0.40462% 1.00 6,500.00 6,500.00
Concrete Mixer (1-Bagger) 0.08092% 1.00 650.00 1,300.00
Plate Compactor 0.07781% 1.00 1,250.00 1,250.00
Water Pump 0.04669% 1.00 750.00 750.00
Compactor (Walk-Behind) 0.07470% 1.00 1,200.00 1,200.00
Vibrator for Concrete 0.06225% 1.00 1,000.00 1,000.00
Solar Panel Mounting Tools 0.31124% 1.00 5,000.00 5,000.00
Submersible Water Pump Testing Tools 0.09337% 1.00 1,500.00 1,500.00
II Materials

Cement (Portland) 2.61445% 150.00 bag 280.00 42,000.00

Sand (Fine Aggregate) 0.11205% 1.20 cu.m. 1,500.00 1,800.00
Gravel (Coarse Aggregate) 0.22410% 2.00 cu.m. 1,800.00 3,600.00
Ready-Mixed Concrete (3000 psi) 9.58633% 28.00 cu.m. 5,500.00 154,000.00
Deformed Reinforcing Bars 6.53614% 1,400.00 kg 75.00 105,000.00
Tie Wire (Gauge #16) 0.22410% 30.00 kg 120.00 3,600.00
CHB (Hollow Concrete Blocks) 1.71185% 500.00 pcs 55.00 27,500.00
Mortar Mix (Cement + Sand) 5.22891% 300.00 bag 280.00 84,000.00
Formworks (Marine Plywood) 4.27028% 70.00 pcs 980.00 68,600.00
Lumber (2x2 Good Lumber) 1.05823% 200.00 [Link] 85.00 17,000.00
0.00 0.00000% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ceiling Board (Gypsum) 2.98795% 64.00 sq.m. 750.00 48,000.00
Wooden Doors (Flush) 1.36948% 4.00 set 5,500.00 22,000.00
Metal Door Hinges 0.06225% 4.00 set 250.00 1,000.00
Paint (Latex for Interior) 1.05823% 20.00 gal 850.00 17,000.00
Paint (Enamel for Metal) 1.18273% 20.00 gal 950.00 19,000.00
0.00 0.00000% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
G.I. Pipe (Fence Post) 0.56024% 12.00 pcs 750.00 9,000.00
Cyclone Wire Mesh 0.59759% 2.00 roll 4,800.00 9,600.00
Solar Panels (250W–350W) 6.72288% 12.00 pcs 9,000.00 108,000.00
Mounting Frame & Brackets 0.89638% 12.00 set 1,200.00 14,400.00
Charge Controller 0.31124% 1.00 unit 5,000.00 5,000.00
Inverter 0.93373% 1.00 unit 15,000.00 15,000.00
Deep Cycle Battery (12V) 1.49397% 4.00 unit 6,000.00 24,000.00
Electrical Wiring + Accessories 0.62249% 1.00 lot 10,000.00 10,000.00
0.00 0.00000% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Submersible Pump (1 HP) 1.12048% 1.00 unit 18,000.00 18,000.00
PVC Pipes (Sch 40, Ø1.5") 0.43574% 20.00 length 350.00 7,000.00
PVC Elbows, Tees, Couplings 0.09337% 20.00 pcs 75.00 1,500.00
Gate Valve (Ø1.5") 0.06847% 2.00 pcs 550.00 1,100.00
Check Valve 0.05602% 1.00 pcs 900.00 900.00
Union Type Ball Valve 0.03735% 1.00 pcs 600.00 600.00
Water Tank (8000L Polyethylene) 21.78712% 2.00 unit 175,000.00 350,000.00
Hose Bibbs / Faucet 0.06225% 4.00 pcs 250.00 1,000.00
Electrical Wiring + Junction Box (Pump) 0.21787% 1.00 lot 3,500.00 3,500.00
Pump Starter Panel / Breaker 0.34237% 1.00 set 5,500.00 5,500.00
Concrete Fence + Posts + Cyclone Wire 1.12048% 1.00 lot 18,000.00 18,000.00
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

III Labor
No. of PersoNo. of day Daily Rate
Project Engineer 0.59759% 1.00 6 1,500.00 9,600.00
Materials Engineer 0.39839% 1.00 6 1,000.00 6,400.00
Geometric Surveyor 0.14940% 1.00 2 1,200.00 2,400.00
Foreman 0.35855% 1.00 6 900.00 5,760.00
Mason 1.15534% 5.00 6 580.00 18,560.00
Laborers (Skilled) 0.23107% 1.00 6 580.00 3,712.00
Laborers (Unskilled) 1.00395% 6.00 6 420.00 16,128.00
Electrician (for solar & pump wiring) 0.08715% 1.00 2 700.00 1,400.00
Plumber 0.08715% 1.00 2 700.00 1,400.00

IV Others
Sub - Total for F 6.50407% 8% pct 104,484.80
Direct Unit Cost (E + F) 8.13008% 10% pct 130,606.00
Overhead, Contingencies & Miscellaneous (OCM) 4.06504% 5% pct 65,303.00

TOTAL 100.00% 1,606,453.80

ONE MILLION SIX HUNDRED SIX THOUSAND FOUR HUNDRED FIFTY THREE
AMOUNT IN WORDS

Detailed Program of Works

Project Title: Solar-Powered Rainwater Harvester – Dual System
Location: Barangay Rizal, Delfin Albano, Isabela
Project Duration: 6 Days

Estimated Labor
Day Activity Labor Involved
Cost (PHP)
Site Preparation, Layout & Surveyor, Engineer, Skilled &
1 ₱15,000
Excavation Unskilled Laborers
Formwork, Rebar
2 Mason, Skilled Laborers ₱12,000
Cutting/Bending/Installation
Mason, Laborers, Concrete
3 Concrete Pouring for Foundation ₱14,000
Mixer Operator
Wall Masonry Work (CHB Mason, Skilled & Unskilled
4 ₱13,000
Installation) Laborers
Roofing, Solar Mounting, Electrical
5 Electrician, Skilled Laborers ₱11,000
Rough-in
Plumbing + Water System Install &
6 Plumber, Electrician, Helpers ₱10,360
Finishing
Total ₱65,360

Estimated
Day Activity Equipment Used Equipment Cost
(PHP)

Day Site Preparation, Backhoe (₱6,500), Dump truck ₱12,500

 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

Day Activity Equipment Us

1 Layout & Excavation (₱6,000)

Day Formworks & Rebar Concrete Mixer

S-Curve 2 Installation for Concrete (₱1

Planned (%) Actual (%)

Day Concrete Pouring for Concrete Mixer
3 Foundation Pump (₱750), V
120
100 100 Day Wall Masonry Work
85 90 Plate Compacto
80 4 (CHB Installation)
70
60 60
45 Roofing, Solar
40 35 Day
25 Mounting, Electrical Solar Mounting
20 15 5
5 10 Rough-In
0 0
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6
Plumbing + Water Submersible Pu
Day
System Install & (₱1,500), Pump
6
Finishing in materials)

Total

Project S-Curve
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

behind schedule. The cause of this steady underperformance must be examined more closely.

Possible contributing causes may be unforeseen difficulties, lack of resources, or flawed

initial planning. A breakdown of each task and the time taken to complete it would give more

precise information about why the delay was occurring. Future project planning and risk

reduction techniques may benefit from this analysis.

PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) Day Planned (%) Actual (%)
Day 1 5 0
Day 2 15 10
Day 3 35 25
Day 4 60 45
Day 5 85 70
Day 6 100 90

The study will undertake a phased approach that will be prepared with a PERT

(Program Evaluation and Review Technique) chart in a detailed manner for efficient and fast

completion. According
Figure 5: Project to a project
S-Curve: management
Planned tool, a PERT
and Actual chart3:was
Table usedand
Actual to Daily
depictPlanned
the
Percentage of Project Completion
Progress
steps to be taken one after another and the relationships between the tasks thereby allowing

the visualization of the project's resource allocation and tracking of the progress. The defined

three major phases of the project were as follows: The first phase will mainly mark by pre-
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

research. Literature review for the development of the theoretical and the conceptual

framework will be conducted, a research proposal will also be developed and ensure to be

practical and gainable. The second phase will be done through the actual feasibility study

involving site selection, system installation, and system testing and data gathering. Lastly, the

data will process, and community members will be train about the proper use and

maintenance of the system, while at the same time, a final report will be compiled in the third

and final stage of the research. Following a learning-by-doing model that enables the project

manager to innovate as they make to process development is a key factor for successful.
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS

This study introduces a sustainable solution for the agricultural challenges in Barangay Rizal,

Isabela through a dual system that combines solar power and rainwater harvesting. The goal

is to improve irrigation, increase crop yields, and promote environmental efficiency.

Farmers in the area face major issues such as water shortages, high energy costs, and

declining crop productivity. Most farmers rely on diesel-powered irrigation and groundwater,

with very few currently using solar energy or rainwater collection. Despite this, awareness is

growing, and the interest in adopting sustainable systems is high.

Survey results show that 100% of farmers are willing to adopt the dual system. They see

strong potential benefits, especially if government support and financial assistance are

provided. In fact, 58% expect a significant boost in crop yields from the system.

The proposed project, with an estimated cost of ₱1,194,403.80 and a 6-days implementation

period, has solid backing from the local farmers’ association, which has formally requested

solar-powered irrigation support. This reflects both a clear need and strong community

support for the initiative. Overall, the project presents a practical, community-driven step

toward more resilient and efficient farming in the region.

 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION

APPENDIX A
QUESTIONAIRRES
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

I. Farmer’s Information (Optional)

Name: ___________________________
Age: _____
Gender:
☐ Male ☐ Female ☐ Other

Type of Farm:
☐ Rice ☐ Corn ☐ Vegetables ☐ Fruits ☐ Livestock
☐ Others (please specify) __________

Farm Size:
☐ Less than 1 hectare ☐ 1-3 hectares
☐ 3-5 hectares ☐ More than 5 hectares

Years in Farming:
☐ Less than 5 years ☐ 5-10 years
☐ 10-20 years ☐ More than 20 years

II. Current Farming Practices and Challenges

What sources of water do you currently use for irrigation? (Check all that apply)
☐ Rainwater ☐ River/Lake
☐ Groundwater/Well ☐ Irrigation System
☐ Others: __________

Have you experienced water shortages affecting your crops?

☐ Yes ☐ No
If yes, how often?
☐ Rarely ☐ Sometimes ☐ Frequently
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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What type of energy do you use on your farm? (Check all that apply)
☐ Electricity ☐ Diesel/Gasoline
☐ Solar Power ☐ Others: __________

What are your biggest challenges in farming?)

☐ High energy costs ☐ Water shortages
☐ Low crop yields ☐ Climate change
☐ Limited access to technology

III. Awareness and Interest in Solar Power & Rainwater Harvesting

Are you familiar with solar-powered irrigation systems?
☐ Yes, I use it ☐ Yes, but I don’t use it
☐ No

Are you familiar with rainwater harvesting systems?

☐ Yes, I use it ☐ Yes, but I don’t use it
☐ No

Have you ever considered using a combination of solar power and rainwater harvesting
on your farm?
☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Maybe

What factors would encourage you to adopt a dual solar and rainwater harvesting
system? (Check all that apply)
☐ Lower costs ☐ Government support/subsidies
☐ Increased crop yields ☐ Environmental benefits
☐ Others: __________

What are your main concerns about adopting these technologies?

 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

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Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

☐ High initial cost ☐ Maintenance and repairs

☐ Lack of technical knowledge ☐ Uncertainty of benefits
☐ Others: __________

IV. Feasibility and Potential Impact

If provided with financial or technical support, would you be willing to implement a
solar power and rainwater harvesting system?
☐ Yes
☐ No
☐ Maybe

In your opinion, how much can this system improve your crop yields?
☐ No improvement
☐ Slight improvement
☐ Moderate improvement
☐ Significant improvement

Do you have any suggestions or comments on how this system could be effectively
implemented for farmers?

APPENDIX B
DOCUMENTATION
 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

 FLORENCIO L. VARGAS COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bagay Rd., Caritan Centro, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

CURRICULUM VITAE