D”P gva¨wgK \ †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb (cÖ_g cÎ)

3q Aa¨vq: g~j¨‡eva, AvBb, ¯^vaxbZv I mvg¨

1. 'P' Rb‡Mvôx GKB f~LÐ, fvlv, mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨, ixwZbxwZ I DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, 'P' Rb‡Mvôx GKB f~LÐ, fvlv, mvs¯‹…wZK
Awfbœ Avkv AvKvO&¶vi AwaKvix| wKš‘ Zviv we‡`wk kw³i gva¨‡g HwZn¨, ixwZbxwZ I Awfbœ Avkv AvKvO&¶vi AwaKvix| wKš‘ Zviv
wbqwš¿Z| kvmK‡Mvôxi ˆ¯^ikvmb GB Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ ¯^vZš¿‡eva we‡`wk kw³i gva¨‡g wbqwš¿Z| kvmK‡Mvôxi ˆ¯^ikvmb GB
I HK¨‡ev‡ai Rb¥ †`q Ges Zviv ivR‰bwZKfv‡e msMwVZ nq| Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ ¯^vZš¿‡eva I HK¨‡ev‡ai Rb¥ †`q Ges Zviv
bvbv Av‡›`vjb I `xN© msMªv‡gi ga¨w`‡q Zv‡`i ¯^cœ c~iY nq| ivR‰bwZKfv‡e msMwVZ nq| bvbv Av‡›`vjb I `xN© msMªv‡gi
Zviv 1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxb ivóª jvf K‡i| ga¨w`‡q Zviv 1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxb ivóª jvf K‡i| A_©vr ' Rb‡Mvôxi
K. g~j¨‡eva Kx? ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi †cQ‡b RvZxqZvev` AbyNUK wn‡m‡e KvR
L. AvB‡bi kvmb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K‡i‡Q| RvZxqZv‡ev‡a DØy× n‡q Zviv `xN© Av‡›`vjb msMªv‡gi
M. 'P' Rb‡Mvôxi ¯^vZš¿‡ev‡ai mv‡_ †Zvgvi cvV¨fy³ †Kvb gva¨‡g ¯^vaxb RvwZ wn‡m‡e we‡k¦ cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| ZvB ejv
wel‡qi wgj i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| hvq, DÏxc‡K ewY©Z 'P' RvwZi ¯^vZšÍª¨‡ev‡ai mv‡_ RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wel‡qi mv‡_ mv‡g¨i m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki| wgj i‡q‡Q|
 1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi  N. DÏxc‡Ki wel‡qi mv‡_ A_©vr ¯^vaxbZvi mv‡_ mv‡g¨i Nwbô m¤úK©
K. g~j¨‡eva Ggb GKwU gvb`Ð hv fv‡jv-g›` wba©vi‡Yi gva¨‡g we`¨gvb|
gvby‡li AvPiY‡K mwVK c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡i| Ac‡ii AwaKvi ev ¯^vaxbZvq n¯Í‡¶c bv K‡i ¯^xq B‡”Qg‡Zv KvR
L. AvB‡bi kvmb n‡jv ivóª cwiPvjbvi bxwZwe‡kl, †hLv‡b miKv‡ii Kivi AwaKvi‡KB ejv nq ¯^vaxbZv| ¯^vaxbZv n‡jv mf¨ mgv‡Ri
me Kvh©µg AvB‡bi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq Ges †hLv‡b AvB‡bi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb| Avi mvg¨ ej‡Z Ggb GK mvgvwRK cwi‡ek‡K
¯’vb mewKQyi E‡aŸ©| e¨envwiK fvlvq AvB‡bi kvm‡bi A_© n‡jv, †evSvq, †hLv‡b RvwZ, ag© I eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mevB mgvb my‡hvM
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KvVMovq `vuov‡Z n‡e Ges b¨vqwePvi cªwZôv Kiv n‡e- GUvB ¯^vaxbZv I mvg¨ G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK I mnvqK|
AvB‡bi kvm‡bi weavb| ¯^vaxbZv I mvg¨ GKB mv‡_ e…nËi cwim‡i e¨w³ I mgvRRxeb‡K
M. 'P' Rb‡Mvôxi ¯^vZšÍª¨‡ev‡ai mv‡_ Avgvi cvVvfy³ RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai cªfvweZ I wbqš¿Y K‡i| ¯^vaxbfv‡K A_©en Ki‡Z n‡j mgv‡R
wgj i‡q‡Q| mvg¨ _vK‡Z n‡e| mvg¨ bv _vK‡j mgvRRxeb cwic~Y©Zv jvf
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RvZxqZvi AbyNUK wn‡m‡e †`k‡cªg gvbyl‡K e¨w³MZ msKxY©Zvi kvmK‡Mvôxi ˆ¯^ikvmb Ges ˆelg¨g~jK AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y 'P'
E‡aŸ© D‡V †`k MV‡bi AvZ¥cªZ¨‡q ejxqvb K‡i‡Q| RvZxqZv m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb‡Mvôx `xN© Av‡›`vjb I msMªv‡gi gva¨‡g ¯^vaxbZv
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Rbmgwó‡K Ab¨ Rbmgwó †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i Ges wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Ki‡j Zviv nq‡Zv ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMªvg Ki‡Zv bv| Zviv GUv
HK¨ M‡o †Zv‡j| RvZxqZv‡eva †_‡K gvbyl civaxbZvi k…•Lj K‡i‡Q mv‡g¨i Abycw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y| Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ejv hvq,
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AvZ¥cªKvk K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki eY©bvqI G welqwU Dc¯’vcb Kiv c…_K `ywU welq bq eis GKB Av`‡k©i `ywU w`K gvÎ|
n‡q‡Q|
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K. AvBb Kx? AskMªnY Kivi ¯^vaxbZv‡K ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv ejv nq| Aa¨vcK
L. g~j¨‡eva ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? jvw¯‹i g‡Z, 'iv‡óªi kvmbKv‡h© mwµqfv‡e AskMªnY Kivi
M. 'K' iv‡óªi RbMY †Kvb ai‡bi ¯^vaxbZv †fvM Ki‡Qb? e¨vL¨v AwaKvi‡K ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv e‡j'| ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv e¨w³i
Ki| MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi‡K mycªwZwôZ K‡i| MYZvwš¿K kvmbe¨e¯’vq
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z ¯^vaxbZv ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv‡K A_©en K‡i †fvU`vb, wbe©vP‡b cªv_©x nIqv, miKv‡ii MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbv Kiv,
we‡kølY Ki| miKvwi PvKywi jvf cªf…wZ ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv|
 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi  ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv ZLbB AwR©Z nq hLb A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv
K. AvBb n‡jv mgvRØxK…Z I ivóª KZ©…K Aby‡gvw`Z wbqgKvby‡bi cªwZwôZ nq| A_©‰bwZK ¯^vejw¤^Zv Ges my‡hvM-myweav AR©b Kivi
mgwó, hv gvby‡li evwn¨K AvPiY‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| ga¨ w`‡q iv‡óªi bvMwiKiv ivR‰bwZKfv‡e m‡PZb nq Ges
L. g~j¨‡eva Ggb GKwU gvb`Ð hv fv‡jv-g›` wba©vi‡Yi gva¨‡g ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡b m‡Pó nq| wKš‘ A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv
gvby‡li AvPiY‡K mwVK c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡i| cªwZwôZ bv n‡j| ïay ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv w`‡q mykvmb cªwZôv Kiv
gvby‡li mvgvwRK m¤úK© I AvPvi-AvPiY cªZ¨¶fv‡e wbqš¿‡Yi m¤¢e nq bv| iv‡óª A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv _vK‡j RbMY ¯^vfvweK
Rb¨ me mgv‡RB wewfbœ ai‡bi wewawb‡la cªPwjZ _v‡K| G me Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j Zviv wb‡R‡`i †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK
wewawb‡la A_©vr fv‡jv-g›`, wVK-‡ewVK m¤ú‡K© mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡`i Kg©Kv‡Ð mswkøó Ki‡Z Drmvnx nq| †mB mv‡_ Zviv iv‡óªi cªwZ
†h aviYv ZvB n‡jv g~j¨‡eva| g~j¨‡eva gvby‡li Rxe‡b HK¨ I A_©‰bwZK `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡i| †m Rb¨
k…•Ljv cªwZôv, mvgvwRK Rxeb‡K my`…p Kiv Ges e¨w³ I mgv‡Ri ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv‡K A_©en Ki‡Z n‡j A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv
g‡a¨ h_v_© m¤úK© wbY©‡q Ae`vb iv‡L| wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| myZivs Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z ejv
M. 'K' iv‡óªi RbMY A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv †fvM Ki‡Q| hvq, A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK Dfq ai‡bi ¯^vaxbZvB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv ej‡Z †hvM¨Zv I `¶Zv Abyhvqx RxweKv Z‡e A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv‡K A_©en K‡i
wbe©v‡ni Dchy³ cwi‡ek cªvwß Ges ˆ`bw›`b Afve I AwbðqZv †Zv‡j|
†_‡K gyw³‡K †evSvq| weªwUk ivR‰bwZK ZvwË¡K, A_©bxwZwe` Ges
†jLK n¨vi¤¢ †Rv‡md jvw¯‹i Harold Joseph Laski. g‡Z, 3. wek¦we`¨vjq co–qv cªevj Zvi wk¶K I eÜy‡`i Kv‡Q wcªq| †m
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AvMvgxKv‡ji Afve †_‡K gyw³ Ges ˆ`wbK RxweKvR©‡bi my‡hvM cªwZw`b Zvi K¬vmiæ‡gi ˆe`y¨wZK myBP¸‡jv eÜ K‡i †i‡L hvq|
myweav‡K †evSvq| †hvM¨Zv I `¶Zv Abyhvqx KvR cvIqv, b¨vh¨ weMZ fqven eb¨vi mgq †m I Zvi eÜyiv eb¨v`yM©Z GjvKvq
gRywi jvf, †eKvi I e…× eq‡m fvZv cvevi AwaKvi, A¶g Ae¯’vq ÎvYmvgMªx wb‡q hvq Ges weZiY K‡i|
iv‡óªi gva¨‡g cªwZcvjb cªf…wZ A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZvi AšÍfy³ © | K. mvg¨ Kx?
A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv Qvov gvby‡li e¨w³‡Z¡i weKvk m¤¢e bq| G L. wØ-K¶wewkó AvBbmfv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
¯^vaxbZv Qvov Ab¨vb¨ ¯^vaxbZv mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK, e¨w³MZ, M. cªev‡ji Kg©Kv‡Ð †Kvb ai‡bi g~j¨‡eva cªwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?
RvZxq cªvK…wZK cªf…wZ. A_©nxb| KviY cª‡qvRbxq A_©‰bwZK e¨vL¨v Ki|
my‡hvM-myweavi Afv‡e bvMwi‡Ki e¨w³‡Z¡i weKvk evavMª¯Í nq †h N. mgv‡R gvbeZv‡eva RvMªZ Kivi †¶‡Î DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ
Kvi‡Y Zvi Kv‡Q Ab¨vb¨ ¯^vaxbZv A_©en nqbv| DÏxc‡K †`Lv g~j¨‡ev‡ai f~wgKv we‡kølY Ki|
hvq, 'K' iv‡óªi RbMY Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq Kg©ms¯’vb,  3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 
b¨vh¨ gRywi I †eKviZ¡ `~ixKiY BZ¨vw` my‡hvM-myweav jv‡fi K. mv‡g¨i A_© my‡hvM-myweavw`i' mgZv| RvwZ-ag©-eY©, bvix-cyiæl
AwaKvi msi¶Y K‡i| d‡j †m iv‡óª gvby‡li e¨w³Z¡ weKvk I wbwe©‡k‡l mevB‡K mgvb my‡hvM-myweav cª`v‡bi e¨e¯’v‡K mvg¨
Rxe‡b c~Y©Zv AR©‡bi my‡hvM m…wó n‡q‡Q| Gme ˆewkó¨ †_‡KB ejv e‡j|
hvq, 'K' iv‡óªi RbMY A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv Dc‡fvM Ki‡Q| L. `ywU K¶ ev cwil` wb‡q MwVZ AvBbmfv‡K wØ-K¶wewkó AvBbmfv
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z ¯^vaxbZv A_©vr, A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv ivR‰bwZK e‡j|
¯^vaxbZv‡K A_©en K‡i K_vwU h_v_©|
 G ai‡bi AvBbmfvq 'wbgœK¶' Ges 'D”PK¶' bv‡g c…_K `ywU Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †evSv hvq, ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai gva¨‡gB
cwil` _v‡K| mvaviYZ cªvßeq¯‹‡`i me©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii e¨w³i g‡a¨ gvbeZv‡eva RvMªZ nq, hv mgv‡R Qwo‡q c‡o| ZvB
wfwˇZ wbgœK¶ MwVZ nq Ges Zv Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk ¶gZvi ejv hvq, mgv‡R gvbeZv‡eva RvMªZ Kivi Rb¨ ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai
AwaKvix| we‡k¦i †ewkifvM AvBbmfvi D”PK¶B c‡iv¶fv‡e f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
wbe©vwPZ ev g‡bvbxZ AvÂwjK cªwZwbwaZ¡Kvix e¨w³eM© wb‡q MwVZ
nq| D”PK¶ AvBbmfvi wbgœK‡¶i ¶gZv I Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ 4. †nvMj Wv½v Mªv‡g 'meyR msN' bv‡g hyeK‡`i GKwU msMVb Av‡Q|
iv‡L| hy³ivóª, hy³ivR¨, fviZ, KvbvWv, dªvÝ cªf…wZ †`‡k wØ-K¶ D³ msMV‡bi GKwU wjwLZ bxwZgvjv Av‡Q| msMVbwUi AwaKvsk
wewkó AvBbmfv i‡q‡Q| m`‡m¨i m¤§wZi wfwˇZ bxwZgvjvwU ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| cª‡qvR‡b
M. cªev‡ji Kg©Kv‡Ð ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva cªwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| msL¨vMwi‡ôi gZvg‡Zi wfwˇZ bxwZgvjvwU cwieZ©bI Kiv hv‡e|
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g~j¨‡eva n‡”Q †mme g‡bvfve Ges AvPi‡Yi mgwó hv gvbyl m`m¨‡`i g~j KvR gvby‡li g‡a¨ ˆbwZKZv RvMªZ Kiv, Amnvq
memgq fv‡jv, Kj¨vYKi I Acwinvh© we‡ePbv K‡i gvbwmKfv‡e gvby‡li †mev Kiv I mgv‡R mvg¨ cªwZôv Kiv|
Z…w߇ৰva K‡i| mZ¨ K_v ejv, wg_¨v K_v bv ejv, Ab¨vq KvR †_‡K K. ¯^vaxbZvi msÁv `vI|
wb‡R‡K | weiZ ivLv I Ab¨‡K weiZ _vK‡Z civgk© †`Iqv, `yt¯’ L. ag© Kxfv‡e AvB‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i?
I wec`Mª¯Í gvby‡li cv‡k `vuov‡bv Ges Amnvq‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ msMVbwUi Kv‡Ri mv‡_ miKv‡ii †Kvb
cªf…wZ ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai AšÍM©Z | ˆbwZK g~j¨‡evam¤úbœ gvbyl‡K wefv‡Mi mv`…k¨ Av‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
mevB cQ›` K‡i| N. 'meyR ms‡Ni m`m¨‡`i g‡Zv †`‡ki mevB AvBb †g‡b Pj‡j
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, cªevj Zvi wk¶K I eÜy‡`i Kv‡Q wcªq| †m mgv‡R mvg¨ cªwZôv m¤¢e Zywg wK GKgZ? hyw³ `vI|
wbqgg‡Zv K¬v‡m Av‡m Ges cªwZw`b K¬vm †_‡K †divi mgq  4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 
K¬vmiæ‡gi ˆe`y¨wZK myBP¸‡jv eÜ K‡i †i‡L hvq| eb¨vi mgq †m K. A‡b¨i AwaKv‡i n¯Í‡¶c bv K‡i wb‡Ri AwaKvi Dc‡fvM KivB
I Zvi eÜyiv eb¨v`yM©Z GjvKvq ÎvYmvgMªx weZiY K‡i| cªev‡ji ¯^vaxbZv|
Gme KvR ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai mv‡_ m¤ú…³| ZvB ejv hvq, cªev‡ji L. ag© AvB‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Drm|
Kg©Kv‡Ð ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva cªwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| cªvPxb mgvRe¨e¯’vq a‡g©i GK‡PwUqv cªfve wQj Ges gvby‡li
N. mgv‡R gvbeZv‡eva RvMªZ Kivi †¶‡Î DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ g~j¨‡eva Rxeb A‡bKUv ag©xq Abykvm‡bi gva¨‡g wbqwš¿Z I cwiPvwjZ
A_©vr, ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| n‡Zv| †hgb- cªvPxb Kv‡j †iv‡gi AvBbKvbyb wKsev ga¨hy‡Mi
`vwqZ¡kxjZv, KZ©e¨civqYZv I fv‡jvg‡`i †eva †_‡K ˆbwZK bMiiv‡óªi AvBbKvbyb a‡g©i Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡VwQj|
g~j¨‡ev‡ai Rb¥ nq| cwievi I mgvR †_‡K cvIqv wk¶v gvby‡li fviZe‡l© wn›`y I gymjgvb‡`i e¨w³MZ AvBb ag©‡K †K›`ª K‡i
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Kj¨v‡Mi wel‡q m‡PZb _v‡K| d‡j mgv‡R gvbeZv‡eva RvMªZ Mª‡š’i Av‡jv‡K A‡bK AvBb cªYxZ n‡”Q| †hgb- evsjv‡`‡ki
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