Project Name
THREE PHASE CIRCUIT FAULT
DETECTION & ISOLATION
Submitted By
Name: Jobaer Hasan Dalim
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)
Daffodil International University, Dhaka
LITERATURE REVIEWS
1.1 Introduction
In this chapter We have talked about project overviews, overload, high voltage, and low
voltage. There are three divisions within the power sector. The three are distribution,
transmission, and generation. The generating sector produces power, which is then
transmitted by the transmission sector and distributed to the customers by the distribution
sector. The voltages in Bangladesh are 11 kv for generation, 132/230/400 kv for
transmission, and 11 kv/400 v/230 v for distribution. In order to verify the different chaotic
occurrences on the line, it is important to identify errors or faults during generation,
transmission, and distribution.
1.2 Block Diagram
The voltage sensor detects the voltage and transmits a signal to the microcontroller after the
power supply AC power and voltage controller control the voltage. The protective relay
receives a signal indicating whether the voltage is high or low, and it disconnects the load. If
the voltage is acceptable, power is transferred from the load controller to the protective relay
via the current sensor. In this case, the microcontroller receives a signal from the current
sensor. The display indicates overload if the current is too high, causing the relay to trip.
Fig 1.1: Shows the system Block Diagram
1.3 Low voltage & High voltage
Occasionally, unnecessary failures like low or high voltage occurred in the power system. For
electrical equipment, these flaws are extremely dangerous. All electrical appliances on the
generating, transmission, and distribution sides may be harmed by these issues. Electrical
equipment has to be protected against this failure using a protection mechanism. This
project's protective system can readily safeguard the circuit at both low and high voltages. It
is a simple, automated system.
1.4 Over load / Over Current
When a circuit's typical load current is exceeded, there is an overcurrent. After that, it
manifests as overload. Any current that flows via regular lines that is greater than the line's
full load current is considered an overload. When an electrical circuit must transfer load
current in excess of the rated-load capacity of the circuit conductors, either by the circuit's
original design or by switching off a stand circuit, overload occurs. For instance, adding a
load to a 1-amp branch circuit raises the load current to 1.13 amps, a circuit overload must be
the cause of this. Here, an electrical power distribution line system's feeder or segment circuit
level may experience an overload problem. When it is mechanically overloaded, the same
electrical overload or overcurrent happens. This could be the result of binding or some other
mechanical overload in the utilisation device it manages, excessive heat (from the device
lingering at a high six-degree ambient temperature or from another failure), or excessive
friction inside its internal bearing surfaces. Then overload, which is often of low amplitude, is
a controlled overcurrent condition.
1.5 Project Overviews
To prevent any electrical equipment failure, low voltage, high voltage, overload, and
unbalanced fault protection were installed in this project. A voltage sensor measures voltage,
whereas a current sensor measures current. After sensing, the Arduino Uno receives signals
from both the voltage and current sensors. After calculating these data, Arduino determines
whether or not there is a circuit issue. In the event of a line fault, a signal is sent to the relay
module, which disconnects the line. Arduino calculates the data coming from voltage sensor
and current sensor based on the program uploaded in it. Arduino is connected with the
display. [9] In any condition, it can be normal condition or faulty condition display shows the
condition of the circuit it is protection. Arduino sends signal to the display and it shows the
situation of the circuit. Arduino also sends signal to buzzer to inform about faulty condition.
Fig 1.2: Shows the circuit diagram