Problem Tree Analysis & Tree of Objectives
A problem tree analysis can be used to review the cause effect of key issues for rehabilitation
measures (Figure 6. Structure of problem tree analysis.. It is critical that existing issues are
identified as well as future issues that may arise because of planned development, e.g. a new
hydropower development. A problem/issue is not the absence of a solution (e.g. no land available
for reinstating the natural water course) but an existing negative impact (e.g. obstructions to fish
migration). Conflicts between user groups can be highlighted. Throughout the analysis there is a
need for comprehensive discussion with stakeholders to understand their needs, motives and
drivers. An example of a problem analysis is shown in
Figure 7 with reference to channelization and disconnection of the floodplain.
Figure 6. Structure of problem tree analysis.
An objective tree is closely linked to a problem tree and can be created by rephrasing each of the
problems into desirable outcomes, this way the root causes and consequences are turned into root
solutions. This process is designed to help the project manager think about the key aspects of the
river restoration project and what the project is setting out to achieve, and to recognise the
inherent complexity and constraints.
Figure 7. Example of objective tree analysis related to channelization and disconnection of the
floodplain.
The outputs can be used to construct a matrix table that defines the issue (cause and effect) and
reviews the potential options for resolving the issue, the best restoration measure to achieve the
desired endpoint (Error! Reference source not found.). Since there is likely to be more than
one option (measure) or a combination of measures to resolve an issue, the advantages and
disadvantages of each should be considered and their inter-linkages explored. In addition this
analysis should include the feasibility of achieving the outcome of the stated option both from a
technical as well as a financial perspective, but also to identify win-win scenarios (REFORM D5.3).
Consequently, the plans should be based on local issues but consider the catchment and
regional/national context (section 1.1).
Table 5. Structure of table to undertake options analysis.
Issues Options Advantages Disadvantages Responsibility
(Cause and
effect)
e.g.
Channelisation & Set levees back Recover flood Not suitable for Environment
disconnection plain urban area Agency, Rivers
Trust
Barrier due to Fish pass Longitudinal Not suitable for Hydropower
hydropower connectivity all fish species company to pay
for fish pass.