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TRANSCRIPTS

Part 1.

You will hear an interview which takes place on a show between the
interviewer, Michaela

Robinson, a leading psychologist, Duncan Stone, and a former patient, Ian Smith.

Interviewer: A lot of people who don ’t have psychological problems, or at least

don ’t think they

have, tend to be cynical about the benefits of spychological counselling. Have you
come across

this, Mr Stone?

Stone: Indeed I have. Their attitude is that a psychiatrist just selects a

comfortable chair and listens

to the patient pour out his trouble which any number of people could do without
medical training,

probably more effectively, What they seem to forget is that the skill
of a psychiatrist lies in

motivating a patient to talk about the very things that may be causing stress.

Interviewer: Would you say that was true, Mr Smith?

Smith: Well, it ’s certainly true that I was reluctant to talk about my problems
even if I was sure

exactly what they were. All I knew were the symptoms, not the real cause. I went to
see Mr Stone

because I was nervous around other people and it was interfering with my work, let
alone my social

life. It wasn’t that other people were hostile, I just thought they might become
so.

Interviewer: And how did you approach this problem, Mr Stone?

Stone: Clearly, I had to start by getting to know as much about Ian’s past life as
possible. Getting

a patient’s life story is not usually the difficult part, and this was the case
with Ian, but discovering

what affects people emotionally is another matter.

Interviewer: And did you make any discoveries about yourself, Ian?

Part 2.

Greek Island Holiday

MAN: Greek Island Holidays, can I help you?

WOMAN: Yes, I hope so. I have a friend who ’s just come back from Corfu and she’s
recommended

some apartments in Arilas. She thought they might be on your list.

MAN: Arilas, Arilas, let me see. Can you give me the names?

WOMAN: Yes, the first ’s Rose Garden Apartments. I’d like to go with another friend
in the last

week of October.

MAN: Well, we ’ve got a lovely studio flat available at that time. I ’m
sure you ’d enjoy the

entertainment programme there too, with Greek dancing (Example ) in the restaurant.

WOMAN: And the cost for each of us?

MAN: ￡219.

WOMAN: That sounds very reasonable!I’m just jotting down some notes. Now the second
one

she mentioned was called Blue Bay.

MAN: Blue Bay? Yes, in fact that ’s very popular and it has some special features.

WOMAN: Really?

MAN: The main attraction is the large swimming pool with salt water.

WOMAN: Much healthier, I understand.

MAN: That’s right. And it isn’t far from the beach, either - only 300 metres (1),
and only around

half a kilometre to some shops, so you don ’t have to be too energetic.

WOMAN: Is it much more expensive than the first one?

MAN: Let me just check. I think at the time you want to go it ’s around ￡260 - no
￡275 to be

exact.

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WOMAN: Right, I’ve got that. Now there are just two more apartments to ask you
about. Um, I

can’t read my own writing! Something to do with sun... Sunshine, is it?

MAN: I think you meant the Sunshade Apartments. (2) They’re on a mountainside.
WOMAN: Any special features?

MAN: Yes, each room has its own sun terrace and there are shared barbecue
facilities.

WOMAN: Sounds lovely!

MAN: Yes, it is rather [Link] also provides water sports - it has its own
beach. There are

facilities for water-skiing.

WOMAN: Any kite-surfing? My friend’s quite keen.

MAN: Not at the hotel but I ’m sure you ’ll find some in Arilas. There’s also
satellite TV in the

apartments.

WOMAN: And how much is that one?

MAN: ￡490 with two sharing.

WOMAN: You mean ￡245 each?

MAN: I’m afraid not! Each person has to pay that amount and there must be at
least two in an

apartment.

WOMAN: I don’t think that would be within our budget, unfortunately. And the last
one sounds

a bit expensive too - the Grand!

MAN: Actually it’s quite reasonable. It’s an older style house with Greek paintings
in every room,

and a balcony (3) outside.

WOMAN: Sound nice. What are the views like?

MAN: Well, there are forests all round (4) and they hide a supermarket just dow
the road, so that’s

very useful for all your shopping needs. There ’s a disco in the area too.

WOMAN: And the price?

MAN: ￡319 at that time (5), but if you leave it till November it goes down by 40%.

WOMAN: Too late, I’m afraid.

MAN: Well, why don ’t i send you a brochure with full details, Ms...?

WOMAN: Nash. But don ’t worry about that.I’m coming to Upminster soon and
I ’ll call and

get one. I just wanted to get an idea first.

MAN: Well, that’s fine. We’ve got plenty here when you come.

WOMAN: If you’ve got a minute, could I just check a couple of points about
insurance? I got one

policy through the post but I ’d like to see if yours is better.

MAN:Fine. What would you like to know?

WOMAN: Well, the one I ’ve got has benefits and then the maximum amount you can
claim. Is

that like yours?

MAN: Yes, that’s how most of them are.

WOMAN: Well, the first thing is [Link] the holiday ’s cancelled on the
policy I’ve got, you

can claim ￡8,000.

MAN: We can improve on that, Ms Nash. For Greek Island holidays, our maximum is
￡10,000 (6)

WOMAN: That’s good - of course our holiday won’t even cost ￡1,000 together!

MAN: It’s still sensible to have good cover. Now, if you go to hospital, we allow
￡600.

WOMAN: Yes, mine’s similar.

MAN: And we also allow a relative to travel to your holiday resort. (7)

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WOMAN: My policy just says their representative will help you.

MAN: You can see there’s another difference there. And what happens if you don’t
get on the

plane?

WOMAN: Nothing, as far as I can see on this form.

MAN: Don’t you have missed departure? (8)

WOMAN: No, I ’ll just jot that down.

MAN: We pay up to ￡1,000 for that, depending on the reason. And we’re particularly
generous

about loss of personal belongings - up to ￡3,000, but not more than ￡500 for a
single item. (9)

WOMAN: Then I’d better not take my laptop!

MAN: Not unless you insure it separately.

WOMAN: OK - thanks very much for your time - you ’ve really been helpful. Can I
get back to

you? Your name is?

MAN: Ben - [Link]’s L-U-D-L-O-W. (10) I’m the Assistant Manager here. I ’ll
give you my

number. It ’s 081260 543216.

WOMAN: But didn’t phone 08126 567294? That ’s what I’ve got on the paper.

MAN: That’s the main switchboard. I’ve given you my direct line.

WOMAN: Right, thank you...

Part 3.

Interviewer: Welcome to local heroes Julia Im and Darren Finn, who have just
returned from the

world championships with gold medals in their respective disciplines. Julia, first
to you. Hearty,

congratulations on being the first tennis player from the country, never mind the
district, to have

meddled at the games. Julia, why has it taken so long in your opinion?

Julia: Well, had you asked me that question when I was starting out in the sport, I
would have said

the infrastructure was lacking. However, that has come on in leaps and bounds in
recent years.

Likewise our once inadequate coaching system is now on a par with the best and sets
the standard

internationally I feel. Indeed, we always had willing coaches, but as a nation

relatively new to the

sport, I think what we were lacking was the experience and expertise.
The policy of inviting

coaches from elsewhere in the world to lead our program has paid dividends in a big
way. It has

added a level of professionalism to the program that has given our athletes the
edge. Granted,

there has been a huge increase in financial investment alongside the

investment in human

resources, but as we have seen from examples in other sports, that alone is not
sufficient by any

means.
Interviewer: Darren, you have also tasted success in one of our newer disciplines.
Do you feel the

same way as Julia?

Darren: On the back of my success, we are due to see a hugely significant increase
in funding

going forward. This has been approved by the government, but we won’t know whether
or not the

improved funding will make a difference for some time. What I can say for sure then
is that even

lacking appropriate funding, the evidence of my success clearly

demonstrates that we can

overachieve with professional coaching mechanisms in place. And at present, the

best coaches are

indeed foreign. So attracting them here to train us has made a massive difference.
And with the

new investment we are expecting to receive now, hopefully the infrastructure will
also improve,

leading to further success at future championships.

Interviewer: How Darren, were you able to achieve so much in light, as you say, of
patently having

so little by way of resources at your disposal compared to competitors in other

countries?

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Darren: Well, aside from the coaching, which I have already highlighted as pivotal,
I personally

was fortunate to attain private sponsorship for my training. This allowed me to

focus full time on

achieving my goals. The majority of my colleagues have not been so lucky. Sports
grants are given

out only in disciplines where our athletes do well. So up until now, we have had to
self-finance

our training, and most of my colleagues do this by holding down a job. We cannot be
expected to

compete with full-time professionals when, for all intents and purposes, we are
still operating in

an amateur system. The dire situation, lack of interest and funding, certainly
motivated me to do

as well as I could. Knowing full well that success would ensure better support for
myself and my

colleagues in future.

Interviewer: Indeed, many people are critical about the sports funding
system in this country.

Clearly, Darren feels that his sport was somewhat neglected.

Part 4.

ADAM: OK Rosie, shall we try to get some ideas together for our presentation on
diet and obesity?

ROSIE: Sure.

ADAM: I can talk about the experiment I did to see if people can tell the
difference between real

sugar and artificial sweeteners.

ROSIE: Where you have people drinks with either sugar or artificial sweeteners and
they had to

say which they thought it was?

ADAM: Yeah. It took me ages to decide exactly how I ’d organise it, especially how
I could make

sure that people didn’t know which drink I was giving them (Q21/Q22). It was hard
to keep track

of it all, especially as I had so many people doing it (Q21/Q22) – I had to make

sure I kept a proper

record of what each person had had.

ROSIE: So could most people tell the difference?

ADAM: Yeah – I hadn’t thought they would be able to, but most people could.

ROSIE: Then there’s that experiment I did measuring the fat content of nuts, to see
if the nutritional

information given on the packet was accurate.

ADAM: The one where you ground up the nuts and mixed them with a chemical to absorb
the fat?

ROSIE: Yes. My results were a bit problematic – the fat content for that type of
nut seemed much

lower than it said on the package. But I reckon the package information was right.
I think I should

probably have ground up the nuts more than I did. It ’s possible that the scales
for weighing the fat

weren ’t accurate enough (Q23/Q24), too. I ’d really like to try the experiment
again some time.

ADAM: So what can we say about helping people to lose weight? There ’s a lot we
could say about

what restaurants could do to reduce obesity. I read that the items at the start of
a menu and the

items at the end of a menu are much more likely to be chosen than the items in the
middle. So, if

you put the low-calorie items at the beginning and end of the menu, people will
probably go for

the food with fewer calories (Q25), without even realising what they ’re doing.

ROSIE: I think food manufacturers could do more to encourage healthy eating.

ADAM: How?

ROSIE: Well, when manufacturers put calorie counts of a food on the label, they ’re
sometimes

really confusing and I suspect they do it on purpose (Q26). Because food that ’s
high in calories

tastes better, and so they ’ll sell more.

ADAM: Yeah, so if you look at the amount of calories in a pizza, they ’ll give you
the calories per

quarter pizza and you think, oh that’s not too bad. But who’s going to eat a
quarter pizza?

ROSIE: Exactly.

ADAM: I suppose another approach to this problem is to get people to exercise more.

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ROSIE: Right. In England, the current guidelines are for at least 30 minutes of
brisk walking, five

days a week. Now when you ask them, about 40% of men and 30% of women say they do
this, but

when you objectively measure the amount of walking they do with motion sensors, you
find that

only 6% of men and 4% of women do the recommended amount of exercise. (Q27)

ADAM: Mm, so you can see why obesity is growing.

ROSIE: So how can people be encouraged to take more exercise?

ADAM: Well, for example, think of the location of stairs station. if people reach
the stairs before
they reach the escalator when they ’re leaving the station, they ’re more likely to
take the stairs. And

if you increase the width of the stairs, you’ll get more people using them at the
same time (Q28).

It’s an unconscious process and influenced by minor modifications in their

environment.

ROSIE: Right. And it might not be a big change, but if it happens every day, it all
adds up.

ADAM: Yes. But actually, I ’m not sure if we should be talking about exercise in
our presentation.

(Q29)

ROSIE: Well, we’ve done quite a bit of reading about it.

ADAM: I know, but it ’s going to mean we have a very wide focus, and our tutor did
say that we

need to focus on causes and solutions in terms of nutrition.

ROSIE: I suppose so. And we’ve got plenty of information about that. OK,
well that will be

simpler.

ADAM: So what shall we do now? We ’ve still got half an hour before our next
lecture.

ROSIE: Let’s think about what we’re going to include and what will go where (Q30).
Then we can

decide what slides we need.

ADAM: OK, fine.