Module 5

data
Pass band heta tansmision dut stream
kand pule tansissien dho ifo o represented
h boe
PAM Signal which s transmitd
in dhe tm dtscvete
do paos channe /. n Dh d'yital pas
Ovey a
deta stanm is modat
bnd ran smission Hha in coming
it io a sinusoidl sgnal).
on to a e aier (usually
pss Channel
transmitfed thnugh a bnd
Then it is or pus band ala
sed
chenel paos
communiation
Thu Madio or a
nk oT
miCYo wave
transmission my s banod ansmisi
St sateli te channel. Tndigtal
the moddaton Po ress
tnvlues
suoitcheng
phase o a sinusoj dal
det steam.
actavdanta with thu ineommng
sehenes

shilt kying 4Sk)

- Amplitud
shift Ryg Fsk)
kyg (PSk)
- Phage shift
Binsy Drytal ellatin tachoigu is clasufist inb ohemak
and non cokeeat treknguus depndiy whehen
heeeiven

o not 7he phese ntovey circuct ensunes hat the

BASK
8scillatoy s9pyng locally geitd avnan wh
both fuy and phas
in
larier wave
Local oscilato suppying th
at hu transmi {ter.
Schem Jhane
BPSK
In biney sgnaly
duahon 7Ln
ymbols (1 and 0) wrh Symb/
tregency py
binay sigraliny shyschem Hhs ampl fud gy
the (vùr is vaud in 2 discvete
the phase ot schem theru
there ane
[Link] Movay sgnalliny
Mat Th Symbol dunation is a
M Symbls
amp oy frig or
AönTip whee n= dog M. Heu the
Vennid tn M disve ted
sieps.
Phase of he eamien is
nequires only less band wtt5
sigralli sckane nformation owy
band
transmis siom t digital

pass channel. when fhe Bw

we wse
fhs rquired valu
luss harn
by man
Signallig sckene fY
8w efhcieny BR btsl suc/Hz
 Hene we a hat my Souvt e emit spaboh
wtihed channel bu,
ffectiely m, atal weny Tseconds, He wih h sypnbols klbegng
dat tensmission mdel to an alphabe t f 'M' symbolh. Asume het ha
-> Digital pus band gui probable. or g l kkel s
ou Convey ted to signal
Signal So Pln) the symbas
mssg sgrals.
SouYe:
rarsmissim

intodeY
matulaot Channel s,U by dhe tansmitHey, h signalb an en99
a bw
bnean with
chane l is astumed &fo be with
WIE) The the Signal s,l)
wide to alto mo dat
AWaN
tronsmit tey distorion.
he nois,
PSD minimwm added jh
) Ln th channe
noise will get
mean
noise in assunod to
be ANaN with zeT0
the
Sig nal and psD- No
yonsmiss ion X p teehy demodlatoy
decoder. Consist f pato dele ctoy ov
The aeceiveY
nd Signal ransmssion detoder.
Receirer
- Delecty onvevts x to X
the Symbol sent
- decoder Tt takes decision on ( )
duvatiom
ach symbol
 keying (BPSE)
Binary Phase Shify a
and) (orTegpondy y
Bnay means only 2Symbo)s 0
3,W= (os 271f t T
Tb
2 o s (amf,t 47) bitneg -

tos 2rft dt
T
S;)+2E Cos 27fet

BPSk is having ony bass incion,

BPSK
Cos 27rf t , oxt< T Sgnal Sprce Dragyanp ot
ecislon negon

otherwise
tell
Signal consaatom pts u Sit and

Si s,W) dt

los 211fet dL
Cos zT1fe t

wtsf los 211 t dt gvon hek

tos 2Tf t dersiy f R X,
The cond7 ional prob
Symbo 0 is tyansmitted s given by
-2,-Mx)
e 26x
 0
-z
No fansmit hd
was

-(3,-V5) omelatioo. dz:

.,(l)

JTN,
h siceivey deeiding eYoY funchi on .
Th Cond honaJ psb of
obtaned foy
will be
Sne erYoY PYob
transmitledJ s given by th Conditimat

ymb:/
Po
Hat h avg pob f
ke (an see erfe
Coherent BPSK is P
dt Sarn as
Coheyent be auss
Thi called s wsed in he.
transmitled caien
Hhat hu
VN to defec t Hho syne
Sabstituhing neceivey

dz, JN, dz
Transm)ftey

Polan non Product GPsk 3yrnd o.54

to zeo madulatoy
node
RecixeY alogaky Thyesholdeo
o5 1-5 2-0

Normalis ed Au
Cohenent
(gER)
BPSK
EDe cis fon maph of SNR Vs Bitemoy nat.
hr BPsk
device.

BER.
10

iy sprctyad donsity
Th inphae tomponent o BPSk signal is etgUor
167.

16.
-5 -2.5 2-5 5 1.5

ratio o noot necelved bits in eroy tod

Tt io thu
bits.
btad not transmitted
 shift kegtng )
PSK/Q uadi Phaoe
udr 4-ynbls.
9PSk Siynal is given by, to
a foy co vopondlig
Th siynal (onsicratin points
he dileuat smbo's.
Phese
silatnpt
Sgna lon Shi

Signa
3ymbol

3T

Thee an be hols tunchon s, rU and (U. S,(tJ

51T

Cos 2Trf t , o<tsT.

-E,JET

Signad Space Diagram

6.)
(o)

(oo
 Symbol eoY.
eyYoY we a
2
e9uivelent to
aa cokerent GPsk So
taking sho, working in panallel. aN,
Psk
2 toheent binay m phase eratan.
hat au when
and coing d aÝ almos t eguel to ,
by pSk sm a
be viewed as E |8fenovah erte
Sym bol eroY ae ane same.
lnclase o BPSk Bit eroy at and
Ths avg prei of bit
oy in eachi 4 e chanelo >Modulato and Demo dulat
VaN, TFiansmifler

Pobabi lity o tonunt drisien r th t cknnelia Polan

NRZ
Demult)
Jevel plerer >PSK
l-p' Lntodel signa
Probabiliy

o he PSk sh do,
Prsb (uret decislon 2
 Cwive.
heshold
Re ceNey
Nosmabzed
Decision GPSK synl
dvice P s D .

8psK 05
Multipl
Decisien
duvice
0-5 -45 4

Thveshold Nomalaed Aaqung

Cohevent Qpsk sh achieves the sam
bit eoy as aSarncho tohenont BPSk s . 6r th
Same
bid ut and hu SNR. The channe/
burdwtd th n0guiud
BER

Lot 1
-5 -1.5 0 Q2.5 5 45

gE,ostsT "As SNR incY

eanes BER de
cveseo.

0thu wise, mi Hed bts

Awet specha dusiy, drvided by the
totel noof tyns
QESine (PT)
 modalahim) point in Hhe aD spre is dero led by
M-ay
(Suedhatas
Anotfude
8AM

Tt is a hybrid
me-thod because
phuse shit kyiy (4,JE., b, JK)
f angud shit keying 16-ary GA M.
"Thu ane & beis danctio,
M= 16.

3,3) ,3) (1,3) ,3)

,sn rft os tsT
(u0
()
(3, ) (-h)
3.9
(3,-10
C3,-)Ci-) (,-)
(3,-3) EI,-s) (1-3) (3r3)

zmphtuste - Sgnal Spare dagng

Thee ae l6sgmbols
L=JM

(CL41, L-) ELA3, L-) -, L-)

(L-l, L3)
000

2
2

(L-l,- Le),
0000

-L+1,-L4) (L43,-L+)
0010
 Enoy Pohebili ty
PrroY

M-any AM , we ay
erYOY

-ay. PAM.

, (in phese chane)

L-asy PAM
(Guadrte phese chaame)
Let p' be he avg prob, sgmbe l evor of L-any PhM g.

Prob tuNat decision r l-any PAM,

SAM RN Gheneatoy
L to bit
Comvestor Coswt
Senial t
Patle genaty
Convato
shiffer
sinwt
bit onverb

GAM Recieven (L-) Thrabsld

seyial
Catueitoy

decision
device

(-y Throhld