Pakistan Affairs Booklet

PMS G.K | PPSC | FPSC | IB | ASF | One Paper Exams

Sir Tahir Naveed (Tamgha-i-Imtiaz)
(AD 4th Position, PMS 2020 & PMS 2021)

1. SLAVE DYNASTY (1206-1290)

 Qutb Uddin Aibak (1206-1210)
 He established Capital at two places i.e., Lahore & Delhi
 He is also known as Lakh Bash
 2nd ruler Aram Shah (1210-1211)
 3rd ruler Shams Uddin Iltutmish (1211-1236)
 Razia Sultana (first woman ruler of subcontinent) daughter of
Shams Uddin iltutmish (1236-1240)
 Ghiyas Uddin Balban (1266-1287) (Baba Farid married her
daughter)
 Moiz Uddin (1287-1290)
 Qutab Minar is in Delhi (1198-1215)
 Jalal-Ud-Din Khilji Founded The Khilji Dynasty.
2. KHILJI DYNASTY (1290-1320)
 Jalal Uddin khilji rule (1290-1296)
 The court language of Khilji Dynasty was Persian.
 Alauddin Khilji followed the Divine Right Theory of Kingship.
 Alauddin also introduced Spy System.
 He also introduced Fixed Price System.

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  The last Khilji ruler, Qutb-ud-Din Mubarak (younger son of Alauddin
khilji) was murdered in 1320 and in turn replaced by Ghiyas Tughluq
who was the first ruler of Tughluq Dynasty.

3. TUGHLAQ DYNASTY (1320-1413)

 Founder Ghiyas Uddin Tughlaq (1320)
 2nd ruler Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (1324-1351)
 3rd Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351-1388)
 Muhammad Khan (1388)
 Ghiyas Uddin Tughlaq II
 Naseer Uddin Muhammad (1390-1394)
 Hamayun (1394-95)
 Nasir Uddin Muhammad (1395-1413)
POLICIES OF TUGHLAQ DYNASTY
 To fill treasury, raised taxes
 Shifted capital from Delhi to Devagiri ([Link])
 Introduced Copper Currency
 Conquered areas of Khurasan, Iraq & Transoxiana
 Introduced Canal system for irrigation
 Collapsed of Dynasty came in 1413
 Former governor of Multan (Khizer Khan) defeated Nasir Uddin
Muhammad and became the Sultan of Delhi.

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4) SAYYID DYNASTY (1414-1451)
 Founder Khizar Khan (1414-1421)
 Mubarak Shah (1421-1434)
 Muhammad Shah (1434-1445)
 Alaud din Shah (1445-1451)
 Mubarak Shah- appointed Hindu nobles in the court of Delhi
 He also constructed Mubarakabad city on the bank of Jumna
 Alaud din was removed from the throne by Balhul Lodhi
5) Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526)
 Balhul Lodhi is the founder of Lodhi dynasty
 It was fifth and final dynasty
 Sikender Lodhi (1489-1517)
 Ibrahim lodhi was the last Ruler
 Ibrahim Lodhi was defeated by Mughal Empror Babur in 1526
 The legacy of lodhi dynasty was their architectural contribution
 Lodhi Garden & Sheesh Gumbad

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Mughal Empire (1526-1857)
1) Zaheer ud Din Muhammad Babar (1526-1530)

 He was the founder of Mughal Empire

 Nickname Babur or Lion
 He originally came from Farghana
 It is also Known as Timurid Empire in India
 Tuzk-i-Babri is the name of Babur’s Autobiography
 He established the Fort of Bala Hisar in Peshawer
 Babur is buried in Kabul, Afghanistan
2) Naseer Ud Din Muhammad Humayun (1530-1556) 2nd
Emperor
 He falls from stairs of Royal Library and died on 24 January 1556
3) Jalal Ud Din Muhammad Akbar (1542-1605) 3nd Emperor

 Muhammad Akbar popularly known as Akbar the Great born on 1542

 He and Bairam defeated Sikandar Suri and exiled him to Bangal in
1557
 He abolished the pilgrimage tax on Hindus and Jizya
 Akbar appointed Todar Mal for Revenue Reforms in 1572
 He was called the first National King and Secular in his outlook
 Akbar has an Ibadat Khana made at Fathpur Sikri
 He introduced Deen-i-Elahi in 1582
 He served as the longest ruler of Mughal Empire
 He died on 17 Oct 1605 and buried at Sikandara
4. Noor Ud Din Muhammad Jahangir (1605-1628) 4th Emperor
 Childhood name of Jahangir was Saleem and nick name was Sheikhu

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  Jahangir was the first Muhghal emperor to allow British to trade with
India
 In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe was sent by English King to the court of
Jahangir
 Jahangir married to Noor Jahan (Mehr Un Nisa) in 1611
 Hiran Minar located at Sheikhupura was built by Jahangir
 Jahangir died on 28 Oct 1627 and his tomb is in Shahdara Lahore.

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5. Shah Jahan (1628-1658) 5th Emperor
 His real name was Shahab Ud Din Muhammad Khurram
 He succeeded his father Jhangir in 1628
 He transferred Capital from Agra to Delhi in 1648
 Taj Mahal (1632-48) is the master piece of Shah Jahan and was
erected in the memory of his queen Mumtaz Begum (Mother of
Aurangzeb)
 He built a fortress called the Red Fort/Lal Qila (1639-48) as well as
Jamia Masjid at Delhi
 The Peacock of Throne was made for Shah Jahan
 Shalimar Garden (1642) made at Lahore during the regime of Shah
Jahan
 Shah Jahan imprisoned at Agra fort by his son Aurangzeb
 He fell ill and died on 1666
6. Muhi Ud Din Aurangzeb (1658-1707) 6th Emperor
 The second crown ship of Aurangzeb was performed at Red Fort in
1659
 His real name was Muhi ud Din Muhammad
 The second Coronation of Aurangzeb was performed at Red Fort
 He was called Zinda Pir due to his simple life style
 He banned Music and Dancing
 Badshahi Mosque in Lahore was constructed by Aurangzeb in 1673
 He married with Rabia Ud Din Durani also known as Dilras Bano
Begum
 He built Bibi ka Maqbara (Tomb of the lady) in the memory of his wife
in 1688

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  He died on 1707
7. Bahadur Shah Zafar (1837-1857) Last Emperor
 He was the last ruler of Mughal emperor
 He ruled 1837- 1857
 He was Udru poet –Kulliyat e Zafar
 He was deported to Rangoon after 1857
 Major William Hodson defeated him
 He was exiled to Burma jail in 1857
 He died at Rangoon jail in Burma in 1862
 After War of Independence, in 1857 Lord Canning was made first
Viceroy of India.

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 Reformists of Subcontinent
Mujadid Alf Sani
 He was born on 26 June 1564 in Sirhind (Naqshbandi Order/ Silsila)
 Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi is also known as Imam Rabani
 He negated the concept of Wahdat-ul-Wajood
 He promoted the concept of Wahdat-us-Shahood
 Ib-al-Arbi introduced Wahdat-ul-Wajood Doctrine
 Akbar introduced Deen-e-Elahi in 1582 to reconcile Hindus and Muslims
 Ahmed Sirhindi refused to prostate before Jahangir and was imprisoned
(2 years) in the Fort of Gwalior
 He served during the regime of two Mughal emperors (Akbar &
Jahangir)
 Molana Abdul Hakeem gave him the title of Mujadid Alf Sani
Books of Sirhindi
 Maktobat-e-Rabani
 Asbat-un-Nabuwat)
 Maaraf-ud-Dunya (Sharia and Tsawaf)
 He died on 10 Dec,1624 and buried in Sirhind

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 Shah Wali Ullah (Syed Qutab ud Din Ahmad)
 He was born on 21 Feb, 1703 during the regime of Aurangzeb
 His father name was Abdul Raheem (founder of Madrassa Raheemia)
 He translated Quran into Persian
 His sons Shah Abdul Qadir and Shah Rafi-ud-Din translated Quran
into Urdu (1776)
 He wrote Al Insaf-fi-Bayan and Hujat-ul-Baligha
 He requested Ahmad Shah Abdali who came to defend (3rd Panipat
War)
 He introduced ‘Economic Equilibrium’
 He is considered forerunner of socialist leader Karl Marx
 He also propagated the concept of Wahdat-ul-Wajood
 He wrote 51 books (Arabic 23 & Persian 28)
 He died in 1762 (Delhi)

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 Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
 Sir Syed was born on 17 Oct, 1817 in Delhi
 He married to Parsa begum also known as Mubarak begum in 1836
 He was pioneer of Aligarh Movement (A socio-political venture)
 He was also the pioneer of Two Nation Theory
 Initially he got a job in the court at Agra as assistant clerk (1838)
 He promoted to Munshi in 1840
 He became chief judge in 1846 and retired in 1876
 He established 1st school at Moradabad in 1859
 Scientific society was established at Ghazipur in 1864
 Scientific society published Ali Garh Institute, both in English & Urdu, in
1866
 Urdu Hindi controversy was started in Banaris (1867)
 Sir Syed and his son visited England in 1869
 He was awarded the ‘Order of Star of India’ from Britain in 1869
 He established Mohammadan Anglo Oriental School at Aligarh
(1875)
 This school was upgraded to MAO college in 1877, inaugurated by
Lord Lytton
 He founded Mohammadan Educational Conference in 1886
 He was given the title of ‘Knighthood’ in 1888
 After the death of Sir Syed, MAO college was upgraded to the level of
university in 1920
 He wrote ‘Khutbat e Ahmadia’ in response to Milliam Muir’s book ‘The
life of Muhammad’.

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 Hayat e Javed is the biography of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan written by
Altaf Hussain Hali
 He died on 27 March, 1898 in Aligarh

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 Quaid-e-Azam
 Quaid-e-Azam was born on December 25 1876 in Karachi (Wazir
Mansion)
 His Father name for Jinnah Poonja
 His mother name was Mithibai Jinnah
 He was the eldest of seven children of Jinnah Punja
 In 1887, he was sent to the Sindh Madrasat -ul-Islam Karachi
 At the age of sixteen, he passed matriculation examination of the
University of Bombay from Christian Missionary Society High
School in Karachi
 The 15 year old Jinnah entered into an arranged marriage with his 14
year old bride, Emibai , on February 1892
 Jinnah’s mother, Mithibai, also passed away during his stay in London
 On March 30, 1895 Jinnah applied to Lincoln Inn Council for the
alteration of his name of his name from Muhammad Ali Jinnah Bai to
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Which granted him in April 1895.
 Jinnah was greatly influenced by the liberalism of William E Gladstone.
 William E. Gladstone had become the Prime Minister of UK for 4th
term in 1892.
 Jinnah was enrolled as a Barrister in Bombay’s High Court on August
24, 1896
 Jinnah first entered into politics by participating in the 1906 session of
the India National Congress held at Calcutta.
 In politics, he admired Dadabhai Naorojiand another brilliant Parsi
leader Sir Pherozeshah Mehta

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 Jinnah elected as member of Imperial Legislative Council from Bombay
on January 4,1910
 Jinnah became a member of the All India Muslim League on October
10, 1913.
 Jinnah earned the title of “ the best ambassador of the Hindu-Muslim
Unity” given by Sirajni Naedo
 In 1915, the two organizations held their meetings in Bombay and in
1916 in Lucknow Pact was concluded.
 Jinnah married with a Parsi girl RattenBai on Friday April 19.1918. The
daughter of Sir Dinshaw Petit, a Bombay Parsi millionaire.
 Their only Child, a daughter named Dina was born in London.
 Jinnah left the Congress Party on 1920.
 On March 28, 1929 Jinnah termed the Nehru report as a Hindu
document and presented his famous 14 points.
 The title of Quaid e Azam was given to Mohammad Ali Jinnah
by Maulana Mazharuddin Shaheed in 1938
 On the request of Jinnah the Muslim League observed Day of
Deliverance on December 22, 1939.
 On March 22-23, 1940, in Lahore, the AIML adopted a resolution to form
a separate Muslim state, Pakistan.
 Jinnah presided the Lahore Resolution of Muslim league
 Pakistan emerged as an independent state on 14th August, 1947.
 On August 11, 1947 Jinnah was elected as the President of the
Constituent assembly of Pakistan (PMS,PCS & FPSC)
 Quaid-e-Azam became first Governor General of Pakistan on August
15, 1947.

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 Muhammad Ali Jinnah, inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan on 1st
July 1948
 Quaid-e-Azam died on 11 September, 1948

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 Allama Muhammad Iqbal
 When Allama Iqbal was born? 9th Nov, 1877.
 Who were father & mother of Allama Iqbal? Sheikh Noor Muhammad &
Imam Bibi (PPSC)
 When Iqbal went to Government College Lahore for education purposes?
1895
 When he passed his M.A from Punjab University? 1899
 For which subject was he appointed as a professor of the oriental college
in 1899? Arabic
 When Allama Iqbal went to England for Higher Education? 1905 (PPSC)
 He left Lahore on 1st September, 1905 by? Express Train
 He stayed in London for how many years? 3 years
 He joined Government College Lahore in 1908 as a professor of?
Philosophy & English literature
 In which Institution of England got Higher education? Trinity College
Cambridge
 From where he got the degree of PhD in 1908? MUNICH University
(Germany) (PMS)
 Which title in 1922 was given by British Government to Iqbal? “Sir”
(PPSC)
 Who gave him (Allama Iqbal) title of Sir? King Georg V of Britain
(Awarded on notable work Asrar-e-khudi)
 When he became a member of Punjab Legislative Council? 1926
(PPSC/FPSC)
 When did he joined politics? November, 1926 (from LAHORE)
 Which university honored degree of Doctorate? Tao University (Japan)

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 How many years after his death Tao University honored him the degree
of Doctorate? 20 years.
 Who presided over the annual Session of All India Muslim league in 1930?
Allama Iqbal
 When climax of Iqbal political carrier came? 1930
 When Allama Iqbal further elaborated the cause of Muslims? 3rd Round
Table conference
 Who said, "To me Iqbal was a friend guide and Philosopher” Quaid-e-
Azam
 Who urged the Quaid-e-Azam to take up the mission of reorganization
and revitalization of Muslims of India? Sir Allama Iqbal
 Famous poem that was written by Iqbal? Sare Jahan Se Ache
 Iqbal did most of his work in which language? Persian
 First book of Iqbal which was published in Urdu language? Bang-e-Dara
 Last book of Iqbal which was published after his death? Argaman-e-Hijaz
 He is also called? Shari-e-Mumliqat.
 Iqbal rejected which idea? Western idea of nationalism
 He did his Bar-at-law from? Lincoln’s Inn University
 In Government College he studied with world renowned orientalist and
philosopher? Thomas Arnold
 Iqbal father died in? 1929
 Iqbal mother died in? 1915
 He characterized as “the sharp agent of devil” to a political
philosopher? Machiavelli
 When Iqbal died? 21th April, 1938
 He is buried in front of which mosque? Badshahi Mosque
 Famous works of Iqbal
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 - Asrar-e-Khudi (1915)
- Rumuz-e-Bekhudi (1917)
- Payam-e-Mashriq (1923)
- Zabor-e-Ajam (1927)
- Javeed Nama (1932)
- Argaman-e-Hijaz (1938)
- The development of metaphysics in Persia (1908)
- Reconstruction of Religious Thought (1930)

British Colonial Rule (1857-1947)

 After War of Independence, in 1857 Lord Canning was made first
Viceroy of India.
 East India Company was abolished (1858)
 Indian Legislative Act (1861), First ever Constitution was formulated.
 Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband institution began functioning in 1866.
 Hindi-Urdu controversy (1867)
 Anjuman-e-Himayat-I-Islam was established(1884)
 Indian Council Act was promulgated (1892)
 Durand Line was demarcated (1893)
 Nadwa-tul-Ulema started in Lucknow( 1893)

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 Partition Of Bengal ( 16 October 1905)
 Simla Deputation met Viceroy- Minto (1906)
 All India Muslim League was formed ( 30 December 1906)
 First regular session of All India Muslim League held (1907)
 Indian Council Act ( Morley_Minto reforms) were introduced in (1909)
 Partition of Bengal was annulled (1911)
 Quaid-e-Azam joined All India Muslim League (1913)
 Kanpur Mosque Tragedy took place in (1913)
 Lucknow Pact was signed ( December 1916)
 Montage Chelmsford Reforms Act 1919
 Khilafat Movement (1919-1924)
 This movement was headed by Moulana Ali and Moulana Shoukat Ali
 Jallian wala Bagh tragedy took place in 1919
 Rawlatt Act 1919
 Simon Commission 1927
 Delhi Proposals (1927)
 Nehro Report (1928)
 Jinnah 14 Points 1929
 Allama Iqbal gave Allahabad Address (1930)
 Round Table Conferences 1930-32
 Gandhi-Irwin Pact ( March 1931)
 Communal Award 1932
 Name of “Pakistan” was suggested by Chaudhary Rehmat Ali (1933)
 Quaid-e-Azam returned from London and reorganized Muslim League
(1934)
 The Government of India Act (1935)

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 Elections were held and congress made victory in formed government 7
out 11 provinces in (1937-1939)
 Day of Deliverance 22 December 1939
 Pakistan Resolution March 23,1940

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 Pakistan Movement (Final Phase)
 Cripps Mission 1942
 Gandhi Jinnah Talks 1944
 Lord Wavell Plan 1945
 Shimla Conference 1945
 Elections were held (1945-1946)
 Muslim League joined Interim government and Liaqat Ali Khan was the
first Finance Minister (October 1946)
 Mountbatten was arrived India as last viceroy (March 22, 1947)
 Partition Plan British PM Clemen Attlee introduced Bill in the House of
Commons called 3rd June 1947 Plan
 Partition of Subcontinent into Pakistan and India ( August 14,1947)
 George-VI king of Britain appointed Jinnah as First Governor General
of Pakistan on 14 August, 1947

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 Governor-General of Pakistan
 Formation – 14 August 1947
 Abolished – 23 march 1956
 Last Governor General – Iskander Mirza
 Total Governor General - 04
 Tenure of George VI – 14 August 1947 to 11 September 1948 (1 year,
28 days)
 First Governor General – Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 2nd Governor General – Khawaja Nizamuddin (14 Sep 1948 to 17 Oct
1951)
 3rd Governor General - Gulam Muhammad (17 Oct 1951 to 7 Aug
1955)
 4th governor general - Iskandar Mirza
 Which Governor General died in office - Quaid-e-Azam
 Oldest to become Governor General – Muhammad Ali Jinnah (70
years)
 Only retired army officer to serve as Governor General - Iskandar Mirza
 Youngest to become governor general - Iskandar Mirza (55 years)
 Only bureaucrat who served as Governor General – Malik Gulam
Muhammad
 Only to serve as both PM & Governor General – Khawaja Nizamuddin
 Only to serve as both President & Governor General - Iskandar Mirza

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 First Constitution Assembly - 1947
 First session – 10th Aug 1947
 First President - Quaid-e-Azam
 Approved National Flag - (11th Aug 1947)
 Assembly lasted for – 7 years (1947-1954)
 Inaugural session – Karachi (Sindhi Assembly Building)
 First deputy President – Maulvi Tamizuddin
 Original members – 69
 10 members increased to give representation to princely states and
refugees – 79 (1 female member)
 Majority party Muslim League – 60 members
 Minority party National Congress – 11 members
 Azad group – 03 members
 First constituent assembly was suspended by – G. G. Gulam
Muhammad (24th Oct 1954)
 Who presided over the first session – J. N. Mandal
 First gazette was published on – 26 July 1947
 1st meeting of constituent assembly of United India – 19 Dec 1946

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 Basic Principles Committee (BPC)
 Founded – 12 march 1949 by Khawaja Nizamuddin on the advice of
PM Liaqat Ali Khan
 Presided over by Maulvi Tamizuddin
 Vice President – liaqat Ali Khan
 Total members – 24
 First report presented – 28 Sep 1950
 2nd report presented – 23 Nov 1952

The Munir Report – 1954

 Lahore martial law – 1953
 Report issued on – 10 April 1954
 Headed by Chief Justice of Lahore High Court, Munir
 Purpose – to look into disturbances in Punjab
 Member – Justice Kayani, Malik Rustam Kayani
The Bogra Formula
 Also called – Constitutional Formula
 Bogra was 3rd PM of Pakistan (1953-1955)
 Formula presented to the constitution assembly – 7 Oct 1953
 Formula proposed - Bicameral Parliament
 Total seats 300
 Provinces at that time – 05
 Bogra called National Assembly – House of People
 House of units (Senate) seats – 50
 Committee made to draft Constitution – 14 Nov 1953

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 It was dissolved by Gulam Muhammad.

National Flag
 Pakistan’s national flag was designed by Ameer-ud-din Qadwai and
stitched by Master Altaf.
 Referred as: Parcham-e-Sitara-o-Hilal in National Anthem.
 The national flag of Pakistan was presented by Nawabzada Liaqat Ali
khan on 11th August 1947 in the legislative assembly Pakistan.
 First flag: Silk triangular orange flag with a double edge sword called a
Khanda (red and white alternating striped flag with the union Flag in the
top left corner)
 Flag symbolizes: Pakistan’s commitment to both Islam as well as the
rights of religious minorities.
 The first Pakistani to hoist the Pakistan flag at the North and South Pole
is Nimra Salim.
 Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah waved the Pakistan’s Flag in the
historic ground of Islamia College Lahore.

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 LIAQUAT ALI KHAN
 Liaquat Ali khan was born On? October 1, 1895
 Liaquat Ali Khan was the Son of Nawab Bahadur Rustum Ali Khan
 What was his mother’s name? Mehmooda Begum
 What were the Titles Of Liaquat Ali khan?
 Leaders of The Nation (Quaid-e-Millat) & Martyr of The Nation
(Shaheed-e-Millat)
 After Jinna’s death Liaquat Ali was acclaimed as “Quid-e-Millat” (leader
of the country)
 Liaquat Ali Khan Aligarh was educated at? Allahabad, Alights and
Exerter College Oxford
 Liaquat Ali khan got his Law Degree from? Inner Temple (1922)
 Who was the Leader of Liaquat Ali Khan? Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 Liaquat Ali Khan started his Parliamentary career, from UP Legislative
Assembly in 1926 as an Independent Candidate.
 Liaquat Ali khan formed his Own Party Named? Democratic Party
 Liaquat Ali Khan joined Muslim League in? April 26, 1936
 Jinnah got him appointed as General Secretary in 1936
 He appointed as achairman of central parliamentary Board in 1945
 Leader of the league group in The interim Government- October, 1946
 Finally prime minister of Pakistan 1947
 Liaquat Ali Khan participated in Simla conference in 1945 as a member
of Muslim league.
 What was ‘Desai – Liaquat Pact’ ? Desar Liaquat pact was signed
between Bhula-Bhai and Liaquat Alikhan in 1945.
 Who proposed “Poor Man’s Budget” ? Liaquat Ali Khan

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 When Poor Man’s budget was proposed? Feb 28, 1947
 Poor man’s Budget is also known as Last budget of British India.
 Liaquat Ali Khan was the First Minister of ministry of State and
Frontier Region.
 He also served as First Defence minister just after the creation of
Pakistan.
 Objective Resolution was passed by Liaquat Ali
 When the constituent Assembly passed the Objective Resolution? 12th
March 1949
 How many members voted for objective resolution in the constituent
Assembly March 7, 1949? 75 members vote for it, 21 members
rejected it
 Liaquat Ali visited USA? 1950 (3 May to 5 May)
 Liaquat – Nehru Treaty was signed in Delhi on 8 April 1950
 Who was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan? Liaquat Ali khan (1947-
1951)
 Who was the First foreign Minister of Pakistan ? Liaquat Ali Khan
 Who is the First laday of Pakistan? Begum Rana Liaquat Ali khan.
 First women Ambassador of Pakistan? Begum Rana liaquat
 Who is the 2nd female Governor In Pakistan after Begum Kana Liaquat
Ali Khan? Nasreen Jalil
 Begum Kana Liaquat Ali Khan was the first woman governor of the
province? Sindh
 Governor Begum Rana was the first chancellor Of Sindh University
and Karachi University
 When Liaquat Ali was assassinated? 16th Oct, 1951 in Rawalpindi

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 Who assassinated Liaquat Ali khan? Said Akbar khan was (Afghan
tribesman)
 Who is the only Prime Minister of Pakistan died while in office? Liaquat
Ali Khan
 Who replaced Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime minister? Nazimuddin
 Liaquat Ali Khan was the First minister Of Kashmir Affairs.
What were the achievements of Liaquat Ali Khan?
 Establishment OF University of Sindh in Jamshoro
 Establishment Of National Bank of Pakistan.
 Installation of Paper Currency Mill in karachi
 Objective Resolution
 First five year plan
 National Finance Commission (NFC) Award
 First Education Policy Of Pakistan.
 Minorities Pact (Liaquat -Nehru Pact) of April 1950
Which Ministers took oath under Liaquat Ali Khan in
the first cabinet of pakistan?

Minintries Ministers
Commerce, Industrial & Work I I Chundarigar
Communication Sardar Abdul Rabi Nishtar
Food, Agriculture Health Raja Ghazanfar Ali
Labor & Law Jogendra Nath Mandal
Finance Malik Gulam Muhammad
Interior, Information & Fazlur Rehman
Education

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 AYUB KHAN
1. Ayub Khan is the 2nd president & first military dictator.
2. Ayub Khan joined British Indian Army as 2nd Lieutenant on February
1928 & fought in WWII
3. Liaquat Ali Khan appointed Ayub Khan as first native commander-in-
chief in 1951.
4. Ayub Khan promulgated constitution on June 8, 1962.
5. Ayub Khan introduced the First Basic Democracies System in October
27, 1959.
6. Ayub Khan moved capital from Karachi to Islamabad.
7. Ayub Khan replaced his military government into civilian
constitutional government.
8. Ayub Khan was nominated by a new party named as Convention Muslim
League.
9. Ayub Khan became president of Convention Muslim League on
December 27, 1963.
10. The elections of 1965 were held between Ayub Khan & Fatima
Jinnah.
11. Ayub Khan is said to be modernist Muslim
12. BDS stands for “Basic Democracies System”
13. BDS was a Local Government System based on American
Electoral College
14. Initially BDS was five-tier programme
15. Indus Water Treaty was signed during Ayub Khan Era on September
19, 1960.
16. Ayub Khan introduced Family Law Ordinance in 1961.

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17. Tashkent Agreement was signed by Laal Bahadur Shastri & Ayub
Khan on January 10, 1966.
18. Ayub Khan set up Ullema Academy in Lahore.
19. Ayub Khan died on April 19, 1974.
20. Successor of Ayub Khan was Yahya Khan.

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 YAHYA KHAN

 Yahya khan remained active assistant of Ayub Khan during first martial law.
 Yahya khan headed the commission that designed and developed
ISLAMABAD, (the new capital of Pakistan)
 During the 1965 War Yahya khan served as the commander of the armed
forces in Kashmir (17 Days War)
 In 1966, he was promoted, Chief of Army Staff.
 "Six point formula” was given by Mujeeb ur Rehman on 13th Feb 1966
 Six-point Formula is also called The Charter of Freedom to Bengali
Nation.
 Six point formula was published under the title "Six point Formula -Our
Right to Live" on March 1966
 On 25 March 1969 Yahya khan became the Second martial Law
Administrator of Pakistan.
 On 31 march 1969 Yahya khan pronounced himself the President of
Pakistan.

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 POLITICAL REIGN OF YAHYA KHAN
&
SIGNIFICANT FEATURES

a. Legal Framework Order (1970)

1. Under LFO the first ever general elections were held on 7th Dec 1970
2. For Peaceful transfer of power from Army to Civilian government the
Legal Framework order was announced on March 1970
3. LFO called for direct elections for unicameral assembly Central
legislature
b. Dissolution of One Unit (1969) November 28, 1969
c. Holding of Pakistan's first free elections on Adult franchise
1. "One Man One Vote" was announced by Yahya khan
2. One man one vote means East Pakistan would have majority seats based
on populations
3. Rift between East and west Pakistan Was appeared during the election
Campaign

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 East West
Pakistan Pakistan

Awami League 160 00

PPP 00 81

Others 2 57

Total (300) 162 138

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 MUKTI BAHINI OR LIBERATION ARMY

 Mukti Bahinai was Bengali Resistance Force

 Mukti Bahini or liberation Army "army fought against the Pakistan Army
in the Bangladesh Liberation War.
 Mukti Bahini launched Operation Changez Khan leading to west Pakistan

OPERATION SEARCH LIGHT

 Independence announced on of Bangladesh was March 26, 1971

 Army crackdown East Pakistan began restore the authority of Central
government.
 Dhakka University was Special target during army crackdown on East
Pakistan.
 Including Mujeeb-ul-Rehman, many leaders of Awami League were Arrested
during operation Search light
 On Nov 21, India Attacked East Pakistan to Support Awami League..
 On 16 Dec, 1971 Pakistan Army Surrender in liberation war.
 In Liberation war 93,000 Soldiers of Pakistan army were taken by Indian
Forces
 Liberation war for Bangladesh was over on 16 Dec 1971
 On 17th Dec 1971. Power was transferred to Z.A Bhutto.
 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto declared as President , chief of martial law
Administrator & Chief of Army Staff

AFTERMATH WAR OF 1971

 Up to 269,000 civilians died as a result of the Conflict. (Liberation war).
 According to Some estimates 75,000 Bihari’s were left in Bangladesh in

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 1972
 1971 war lasted for 13 days

Zia-ul-Haq
 General Zia Ul Haq ruled Pakistan from 1977 to 1988
 Muhammad Zia-ul- Haq becomes 6th President of Pakistan.
 He remains the country's longest- serving de facto head of state and
Chief of Army Staff
 General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was a Pakistani four- star general
 Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq became the CMLA of Pakistan in: 1977
 He issued Proclamation of martial law on July 5, 1977.
 When PCO was introduced by Zia ul Haq? March 24, 1981
 Muhammad Khan Junejo (23 March, 1985)
 Zia was declared president by referendum on Dec 19, 1984.
 When General Zia UI Haq addressed in UN? 23 Oct 1985
 Zia-ul-Haq Died on 17-08-1988 by Plane crashed in Bahawalpur
 American Ambassador Arnold Raphael with President Zia UI Haque in
a plane crash
 Ghulam Ishaq Khan succeeded Zia Ul Haque as President of Pakistan.
 In the Era of Zia ul Haq who was the Prime Minister of Pakistan:
 The office of Wafaqi Mohtasib (Ombudsman) was established in 1983
by the President Order I of 1983.
 Justice (R) Sardar Muhammad Iqbal was the first Wafaqi Mohtasib Aala
of Pakistan.
 Federal shariat court was established in 1980 during the government of
the President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.
 Salahuddin Ahmed as the first Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court.

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36
 BENAZIR BHUTTO
 Born - 21 June 1953, in Karachi
 Died - 27 December 2007
 Exiled to Britain – 1984 to 1986
 Movement for the Restoration of Democracy (MRD) was initiated by
Benazir Bhutto.
 MRD initiated in 1981, dissolved in 1988
 Benazir Bhutto married with zardari – 18 December 1987
 She became chairman of PPP – 1982
 She chaired 4th SAARC conference in Pakistan
 General elections (4th) held – 16 November 1988
 PPP won – 94 seats
 She was 35 years at the time of her tenure as PM
 Became PM 1st time – 2 December 1988 to 6 August 1990 (11th PM)
 Became PM 2nd time – 18 October 1993 to 5 November 1996 (13th)
 First term as leader of opposition – 1990 to 1993
 Gulam Ishaq Khan (7th) president of Pakistan dismissed her govt. 1st
time.
 Caretaker PM in 1990 - Gulam Mustafa
 Farooq Lagari (8th) president of Pakistan dismissed her Govt. 2nd time.
 Caretaker PM in 1993 – Malik Meraj Khalid
 Murtaza Bhutto died – 1996
 Returned to Pakistan – 18 October 2007
 Democracy is the best revenge.
 BISP (Benazir Income Support programme) was started in 2008.
 Books written by Benazir Bhutto

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o The Gathering Storm
o Daughter of destiny
o Daughter of the East
o Foreign Policy in Perspective
o Reconciliation: Islam, Democracy & the West

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 Pervaiz Musharraf
 He was born in Delhi (August 11, 1943)
 He was graduated from Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul (1964)
 He was appointed chief of army staff in October 1998
 Musharraf became 10th president of Pakistan in 2001 until 2008.
 H declared Coup in October 12, 1999 (declared a state of emergency)
 In June 2001, Musharraf became the president of Pakistan.
 The Legal Framework Order was issued by Musharraf in August 2002
 In 2006, Musharraf’s autobiography titled In the Line of Fire was
published.
 In March 2007, Musharraf suspended chief justice Iftikhar Muhammad
Chaudhry.
 Musharraf imposed a state of emergency on November 3, 2007.
 Resigned from his position of army chief November 2007
 Musharraf lifted the emergency on December 15, 2007.
 In 2010, Musharraf launched his political party — All Pakistan Muslim
League (APML).
 He flew to Dubai on March 17, 2016
 On December 17, 2019, a special court handed Musharraf death
sentence in the high treason case (Article 6)
 He was died on 5 February 2023
 He died in Dubai, UAE at the age of 79 years
 He was died of amyloidosis

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