PRASHANT KIRAD

Carbon & its Compounds

(Options acche se padhna)
VERY SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark)

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ's)

1. A hydrocarbon which does not belong to the same homologous series of

carbon compounds is:
(a) C₄H₁₀
(b) C₆H₁₄
(c) C₇H₁₄
(d) C₁₀H₂₂

2. Choose the incorrect statement about the common reaction used in

hydrogenation of vegetable oils:
(a) It is an addition reaction.
(b) It takes place in the presence of nickel or palladium catalyst.
(c) The product contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.
(d) It is an addition reaction which occurs in the presence of an acid catalyst.

3. What is the general formula for an alkane?

(a) CₙH₂ₙ+₂
(b) CₙH₂ₙ
(c) CₙH₂ₙ−₂
(d) CₙH₂ₙ+₁

4. Which of the following isomeric formula corresponds to C₄H₁₀?

(a) Butane only
(b) n-butane and isobutane
(c) 2-methylpropene and butene
(d) But-1-ene and But-2-ene

JOSH METER?
PRASHANT KIRAD

9. Consider the following statements about homologous series of

carbon compounds :
(A) All succeeding members differ by — CH2 unit.
(B) Melting point and boiling point increases with increasing molecular mass.
(C) The difference in molecular masses between two successive members is 16 u.
(D) C2H2 and C3H4 are NOT the successive members of alkyne series.
The correct statements are
(a) (A) and (B)
(b) (B) and (C)
(c) (A) and (C)
(d) (C) and (D)

10. Compound X and Y both have formula C₄H₈O. X is an aldehyde and Y is an

ether. Which statement is true?
(a) X shows addition reaction with H₂, Y shows substitution reaction with HCl.
(b) X shows oxidation to a carboxylic acid, Y does not get oxidised easily.
(c) X and Y will both react with Na metal to release H₂.
(d) Y gives effervescence with Na₂CO₃, X does not.

11. A hydrocarbon “H” decolourises bromine water and, on further treatment

with H₂/Pt, gives a saturated hydrocarbon which upon chlorination gives
multiple monochlorinated products. Which H is it?
(a) Ethene
(b) But-1-ene
(c) Propene
(d) But-2-ene

12. An organic compound "X" (C₂H₆O) reacts with sodium metal to produce
hydrogen gas but does not react with sodium carbonate. What is compound X?
(a) Ethanol
(b) Ethanoic acid
(c) Methanoic acid
(d) Acetone

13. Which of the following observations helps distinguish ethanol from ethanoic
acid?
(a) Only ethanol reacts with Na metal to produce H₂.
(b) Only ethanoic acid turns blue litmus red.
(c) Ethanol gives effervescence with Na₂CO₃ but ethanoic acid does not.
(d) Ethanoic acid is insoluble in water; ethanol is soluble.
PRASHANT KIRAD

(yaha Marks katate h)

Assertion and Reason type of Questions
In the following questions a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of
Reason.
Mark the correct choice as two statements are given one labeled Assertion (A)
and the other labeled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): Propanal and propanone are structural isomers.

Reason (R): Propanal and propanone both have the same molecular formula.

21. Assertion (A): Carbon and its compounds are our major sources of fuels.
Reason (R): Most of the carbon compounds on burning release a large amount of
heat and light.

22. Assertion(A): Esterification is a process in which a sweet smelling substance is

produced.
Reason (R): When esters react with sodium hydroxide an alcohol and sodium salt
of carboxylic acid are obtained.

23. Assertion(A): Carbon has a strong tendency to either lose or gain electrons to
attain noble gas configuration.
Reason (R): Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell and has the tendency
to share electrons with carbon or other elements.

24. Assertion (A): Carbon forms covalent compounds by sharing its valence
electrons with other atoms.
Reason (R): Carbon has 4 valence electrons and can easily lose or gain 4 electrons
to complete its octet.

25. Assertion (A): Diamond is the hardest natural substance known.

Reason (R): Each carbon atom in diamond is covalently bonded to four other
carbon atoms in a tetrahedral structure, forming a 3D rigid network.

(ho jaayenge aaram se)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
(2 and 3 Marks)
PRASHANT KIRAD
(pahle points socho firr likho)

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

(5 Marks)
41. (i) Draw electron dot structure of chlorine molecule. (Atomic Number of Chlorine =
17)
(ii) What happens when chlorine reacts with methane in the presence of sunlight? Write
the name of the reaction.
(iii) Name the two oxidising agents used for the conversion of alcohols to acids.
(iv) List four differences in properties between covalent compounds and ionic
compounds.

42. (a) (i) Draw two isomeric structures of Butene (C₄H₈).

(ii) Name the following compounds: [Assumed compounds: CH₃COOH, C₂H₅OH].
(b) (ii) Write chemical equation to show what happens when ethanol:
(I) Burns in oxygen/air.
(II) Is heated at 443 K in excess conc. H₂SO₄.
(III) Reacts with acidified potassium dichromate.

43. A saturated organic compound 'A' with two carbon atoms belongs to the
homologous series of alcohols. On oxidation, it forms an organic acid 'B' with molecular
mass 60 u. On heating 'A' with excess concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K, an
unsaturated hydrocarbon 'C' is formed.
(i) Name A, B, and C.
(ii) Calculate molecular mass of C.
(iii) What happens when a pinch of sodium carbonate is added to compound B? Write
chemical equation for the reaction.
(iv) Draw electron dot structure of compound B.

44. (i) A compound 'X' having two carbon atoms in its molecule turns blue litmus red
and 5-8% solution of 'X' in water is widely used as a preservative. Identify the
compound 'X' and write its structure.
(ii) Compare its pH nature with a mineral acid.
(iii) 'X' on reacting with alcohols produces sweet smelling compounds, used in making
perfumes. Name the reaction and write its chemical equation.
(iv) When sodium carbonate is added to 'X', a colourless gas is produced which turns
lime water milky. Write the chemical equation for the reaction giving the name of the
salt produced.
PRASHANT KIRAD

(c) (i) Write the formula of the functional group present in

(1) aldehydes, and (2) ketones. Write chemical equation for the reaction that occurs
between ethanoic acid and ethanol in the presence of a catalyst.
OR
(c) (ii) What are structural isomers ? Write the structures of two isomers of butane
(C4H10).

PK Special [KBC]

50. Ethanol is oxidised with acidified KMnO₄ to form compound A. A reacts with
ethanol (in presence of conc. H₂SO₄) to form compound B (sweet smell). When B is
hydrolysed with NaOH, compounds C and D are formed. Identify A, B, C, D and write
all reactions.

[Link] equations for both complete and incomplete combustion of C₃H₆. What
observations help you identify incomplete combustion?

[Link] are given propanone, ethanol, and ethanoic acid. Suggest chemical tests to
distinguish them (minimum two).

[Link] why soap forms scum in hard water but detergents do not. Support with
chemical equation.

[Link] does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a
micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also?

55. Name the compound: CH₃–CO–CH₂–CH₂OH. Which functional group is given

priority?

56. Ethanol can give both ethene and bromoethane. Which reagent/condition is
required in each case? Write equations.

Kitne Questions kar paaye?

SOLUTIONS
PRASHANT KIRAD

SOLUTIONS
20. (a)

21. (a)

22. (c)

23. (b)

24. (b)

25. (a)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

26. Carbon shares electrons to form covalent compounds because forming C⁴⁺ or C⁴⁻
ions is highly unstable and requires very high energy.

27. Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten/aqueous state, soluble in water,

and have high melting/boiling points; covalent compounds are poor conductors,
mostly insoluble in water, and have low melting/boiling points.

28. Most carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity as they do not have
free ions or delocalized electrons.

29 (a). Carbon shows catenation due to strong C–C bonds.

(b). Carbon forms many compounds because of catenation, tetravalency, and ability
to form multiple bonds with various elements.

30 (a). Butane
(b). Propene
(c). Ethanol

31 (a). Examples: Cyclohexane, Cyclopentane.

(b). Soap forms micelles where hydrophobic tails trap grease and hydrophilic heads
remain in water.

32. Unsaturated hydrocarbons decolorize bromine water, while saturated

hydrocarbons do not.
PRASHANT KIRAD

SOLUTIONS
Explanation:
Cl₂ forms a single covalent bond.
Substitution replaces H with Cl in methane.
KMnO₄ / K₂Cr₂O₇ oxidize alcohols to acids.
Covalent compounds lack ions, ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces.

42. (a)(i) Two isomers of C₄H₈:

1-Butene: CH₂=CH–CH₂–CH₃
2-Butene: CH₃–CH=CH–CH₃ (exists as cis/trans stereoisomers)
(ii) CH₃COOH = Ethanoic acid (acetic acid); C₂H₅OH = Ethanol.
(b)(I) Combustion: C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O.
(II) Dehydration (443 K, conc. H₂SO₄): C₂H₅OH → CH₂=CH₂ + H₂O.
(III) Oxidation (acidified K₂Cr₂O₇/KMnO₄): C₂H₅OH + [O] → CH₃COOH + H₂O.

43. (i) A = Ethanol (C₂H₅OH); B = Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH); C = Ethene (C₂H₄).

(ii) Molar mass of C (C₂H₄) = 2×12 + 4×1 = 28 u.
(iii) With sodium carbonate: Na₂CO₃ + 2CH₃COOH → 2CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂↑. (CO₂
effervescence)
(iv) Lewis/structural formula of B:
CH₃–C(=O)–OH
(Each O has two lone pairs; pictorially: H₃C–C(=O):O–H with lone pairs on oxygens.)

44. (i) X = Ethanoic acid (acetic acid), structure: CH₃COOH.

(ii) pH/nature: X is a weak (organic) acid — less acidic (higher pH at same
concentration) than mineral strong acids (e.g., HCl).
(iii) Esterification: CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH ⇌ CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O. (Reaction name:
esterification; gives esters used in perfumes.)
(iv) With sodium carbonate: Na₂CO₃ + 2CH₃COOH → 2CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂↑.
Salt formed: sodium ethanoate (sodium acetate). CO₂ turns lime water milky.

45. A carbon compound 'A' on heating with excess conc. H₂SO₄ forms a
compound 'B', which on addition of one mole of hydrogen gas in the presence
of nickel catalyst forms a compound 'C'. 'C' on combustion in air forms 2 moles of
carbon dioxide and 3 moles of water. Identify 'A', 'B' and 'C' and write their structures.
Give chemical equations of the reactions involved. Also state the role of
concentrated sulphuric acid in the formation of 'B' from 'A'.
PRASHANT KIRAD

SOLUTIONS
Equation (esterification):
⇌
CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O
(in presence of conc. H₂SO₄ catalyst, ester formed is ethyl ethanoate).

OR

(c) (ii) Structural isomers: Compounds having same molecular formula but
different structural arrangement of atoms.
Two isomers of butane (C₄H₁₀):
1. n-Butane: CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₃
2. Iso-butane (2-methylpropane):
CH₃–CH(CH₃)–CH₃

PK Special :

50. A = Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH)

B = Ethyl ethanoate (CH₃COOCH₂CH₃)
C = Sodium ethanoate (CH₃COONa)
D = Ethanol (C₂H₅OH)
Reactions:
[Link]₃CH₂OH + [O] → CH₃COOH + H₂O
⇌
[Link]₃COOH + CH₃CH₂OH CH₃COOCH₂CH₃ + H₂O (conc. H₂SO₄)
[Link]₃COOCH₂CH₃ + NaOH → CH₃COONa + CH₃CH₂OH

51. Complete: 2 C₃H₆ + 9 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

Incomplete: 2 C₃H₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO + 6 H₂O
or C₃H₆ + O₂ → 3 C (soot) + 3 H₂O
Observation: Incomplete combustion → yellow, smoky flame + soot. Complete
combustion → clean blue flame.

52. Ethanol: Iodoform test (yellow ppt).

Propanone: Iodoform test (yellow ppt too) BUT not oxidised easily by mild KMnO₄.
Ethanoic acid: Reacts with NaHCO₃ to give brisk effervescence of CO₂.
So:
[Link] NaHCO₃ → only ethanoic acid produces gas.
[Link] I₂/NaOH → ethanol and propanone positive (yellow ppt), acid negative.
[Link] test: KMnO₄ oxidises ethanol but not propanone.