15 Python Basic Concepts (Simple Explanation)
1. Introduction to Python
Python is a high-level, easy, powerful programming language used for apps, AI, automation, websites,
and more.
Examples:
print("Hello Python")
x = 10
print("Value =", x)
2. Variables & Data Types
Variables store values. Data types define types of data.
Examples:
age = 20
name = "Akshay"
price = 45.5
is_passed = True
3. Input and Output
Input = data taken from user. Output = data shown to user.
Examples:
name = input("Enter name: ")
print("Hello", name)
a = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("Square =", a*a)
4. Operators
Operators perform math, comparison, or logic.
Examples:
print(10 + 5)
print(10 > 5)
print(True and False)
print(2 in [1,2,3])
5. Conditional Statements
Run code only when condition is true.
Examples:
if 18 >= 18: print("Adult")
marks = 75
if marks >= 90: print("A"); elif marks>=60: print("B"); else: print("C")
6. Loops
Repeat actions many times.
Examples:
for i in range(3): print(i)
i=1
while i<=3: print(i); i+=1
7. Break, Continue, Pass
break stops loop, continue skips one loop, pass does nothing.
Examples:
for i in range(5):
if i==3: break
for i in range(5):
if i==2: continue
8. Strings
Text inside quotes.
Examples:
name="Akshay"; print([Link]())
msg="Hello"; print(msg+" World")
9. Lists
Ordered, changeable collection.
Examples:
fruits=["apple","banana"]; [Link]("orange")
nums=[1,2,3]; nums[1]=20
10. Tuples
Ordered, not changeable.
Examples:
t=(10,20,30); print(t[1])
colors=("red","green","blue"); print(len(colors))
11. Sets
Unique items, unordered.
Examples:
s={1,2,3,3}; print(s)
s={10,20}; [Link](30)
12. Dictionaries
Key-value pairs.
Examples:
student={"name":"Akshay","age":20}
print(student["name"])
student["age"]=21
13. Functions
Reusable block of code.
Examples:
def greet(): print("Hello")
def add(a,b): return a+b
14. Modules & Packages
Module=python file. Package=collection of modules.
Examples:
import math; print([Link](16))
import random; print([Link](1,10))
15. File Handling
Read/write files.
Examples:
open("[Link]","w").write("Hello")
print(open("[Link]","r").read())