Municipality of Makilala

MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Makilala, Cotabato
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
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FIRE PROTECTION AND ARSON INVESTIGATION

Course Number: CDI 6 Instructor: MARY ANN T. NADNADEN, RCRIM
Course Title : Fire protection and Arson investigation
Credit Units : 3 Units Email:maryannnadnaden23@[Link]
Module No :1
Duration : 2 weeks
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I. Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the concept of combustion;
2. Elucidate the classifications, causes, prevention, control, and extinguishments of fire;
3. Define and discuss the organization, and Mandates of the Bureau of Fire Protection;
4. Understand the Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 (RA 9514), its IRR, and The Law on Destructive
Arson and relevant provisions of the Building Code of the Philippines; and
5. Techniques and Procedure in Fire and Arson Investigation and Processing of Arson Evidence and filing of
charges in court.
II. References
Delizo, Darlito Bernard G. (n.d.). Unpublished lecture notes. University of the Cordilleras, Baguio City.
Delizo, Darlito Bernard G. (n.d.). Unpublished lecture notes. University of the Baguio, Baguio City.
Woods, DeVere Jr. D. (2013) O’Hara’s Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation (8 th ed.). Charles C. Thomas Published Ltd.,
Springfield, Illinois, USA.

What is a fire extinguisher?

 It is a mechanical device usually made of metal, containing chemical, fluids, or gasses for
stopping fires, the means for application of its contents for the purpose of putting out fire
particularly small before it propagates.

Main Components of a Fire Extinguisher

 Safety Clip- Its primary function is to
prevent accidental discharge of the
extinguisher.
 Pressure gauge- indicates the internal
pressure of the extinguisher
 Discharge hose- facilitates the delivery of
the extinguishing agent to the fire.
 Spray Nozzle- designed to disperse the
extinguishing agent—such as water, foam, or
other fire-retardant liquids.
 Operating lever cum handle- enables
users to activate the extinguisher and control
the discharge
 High-pressure cylinder-designed to store
the extinguishing agent and propellant gas
under high pressure.
 Gas cartridge- serves as the propellant for
discharging the extinguishing agent.
 Water- refers to the extinguishing agent
stored inside the cylinder. It is the substance
 that is released when the extinguisher is activated and is primarily used to cool burning
materials and suppress Class A fires (ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, and
cloth).
 Syphon tube- ensures that the extinguishing agent is expelled efficiently,

Steps to Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher

 Pull the Pin: Remove the safety pin located

at the top of the extinguisher. This pin
prevents accidental discharge.

 Aim: Stand at a safe distance (about 6 to 8

feet) and aim the nozzle at the base of the
fire, not at the flames. Targeting the base is
essential for effective suppression.
 Squeeze: Squeeze the lever or handle
slowly and evenly to discharge the
extinguishing agent. Releasing the lever will
stop the discharge.
 Sweep: Move the nozzle from side to side in
a sweeping motion while continuing to aim
at the base of the fire. Sweep until the fire is
completely out.

What are the prohibited acts involving the operations of

fire extinguisher?
 Removal of inspection tags
 Refilling a discharge extinguisher with a extinguishing
agent other than what the unit was designed to contain.
 Selling fire extinguishers not appropriate to the hazard.
 Selling fire extinguishers prohibited Rule 37, Section
104
 Selling defective or substandard extinguishers
 Using/ installing two or more thermatic special hazard
vaporizing liquid units in rooms with volume greater
than the nominal capability of one unit.
 Installing pressure gauges in fire extinguishers which do
not indicate the actual pressure of the interior of vessel.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

A. Personal Protective Clothing

A gear worn by firefighters during emergency fire control operations. This
ensemble
includes protection for eyes, head, hands, feet, and body.

Types of protective Clothing:

1. Protective Clothing for structural Firefighting
 This gear is designed for firefighters working in
building or structural fires where
temperatures are extremely high, and there is a
 risk of flames, smoke, and falling debris. Includes a helmet, coat, pants, gloves,
boots, and hood.
 Features: Flame-resistant outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal insulation
layers to protect from burns and high heat.

2. Protective Clothing for Wild land Firefighting

 This clothing is specifically designed for
grass, forest, and brush fires, where
mobility, lightweight gear, and long-duration
wear are important.
 Also, to protect against radiant heat, embers,
smoke, and minor burns, while enabling
firefighters to hike and work in rough terrain
for extended periods.
3. Protective Clothing for a Hazardous Materials Incident
 This clothing is used when responding to
chemical, biological, radiological, or toxic
spills and leaks.
 Made of chemical-resistant materials (e.g.,
Tychem, PVC, butyl rubber). Often airtight,
with sealed seams, gloves, and boots
integrated. To prevent hazardous substances
from coming into contact with skin, eyes, or
lungs. Protects responders from harmful
vapors, liquids, and powders.

Components of Protective Clothing:

The protective clothing is a combination of several items, each of which must be in
place with all others before maximum protection is established.
Full set of Protective Clothing:
 Firefighters coat and pants
 Boots
 Gloves
 A hood to protect the head from heat
 A Firefighters helmet for head protection
 A pull-down protective visor and goggles for eye protection.
Coat and Pants
 The first layer is flame retardant, but not flame proof.
In a flash-fire type incident, it may give firefighter a
few seconds to get out of the heat and survive.
 The second and third layers of protection are in the
inner liner, which is a combination of a thermal barrier
and a moisture barrier.
Boots
These are made of either rubber composite materials or
leather. Their soles are resistant to puncture. It also had steel toes
for protection, and heat resistant as well.
Gloves
Types:
 Gloves and coat with wristlets
 Gloves and coat without wristlets- this type of
glove is specially designed to protect
against heat and puncture.

Hood and Helmet

 The hood is flame resistant and provides
protection to the exposed head and neck of the user.
 The helmet is impact-resistant, it is uniquely designed
to protect the firefighter from falling objects, shield
from water, it also provides protection from heat.
 It also features a small, partial hood that is connected
to the inner lining of the helmet that protect the
firefighter’s ear and neck during emergency operation.
 It also has also a pull-down eye shield that provides
superficial eye protection for users who are not
wearing goggles or face piece of Self Contained
Breathing apparatus (SCBA).