Ch.

4 Skeletal system and muscles

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Answer the following in brief
1. (a) Name any three bones of the skeleton.
Ans: ) Skull, Hip bone, Thigh bone

2. (b) What are vertebrae?

Ans: ) The backbone is made up
of small bones called vertebrae.

3. Name the two girdles present in our

skeleton.
Ans: Two gridles are: Shoulder gridle and Pelvic
gridle,
4. What is a ligament?
Ans: Ligaments are bands of tissues that hold
one bone to another.

Q2) Answer the following in detail.

1. What is the skeletal system? Write
any three functions of skeletal system.
Ans: All the bones in the human
body together with ligaments,
cartilage and tendons are called
the skeletal system. Three
functions of skeletal system are:
 1, It gives shape and support to
our body. It holds our body up.
2. It protects our internal organs such as the
heart,lungs and the stomach
3. It allows the movement of different body
parts .it helps us to walk ,run and talk.

[Link] the types of movable joints. Give one

example of each.
Ans : Joints that allow movement are
called movable joints. These are of four
types of movable joints:
1. Pivot joint: It is seen in
the neck area between the
first and the second
vertebra. It allows side- to-
side and up-and-down
movements.
Example: Movement of
head.

2. Ball-and-socket joint: It is
seen in the bones of the pelvic
and shoulder girdles. It allows
circular movement in many
directions. Example: Bowler
bowling a ball.
3. Hinge joint: It is seen in the
bones of elbows and knees. It
 allows movement in only one
direction. Example: Lifting of a
toothbrush
4. Gliding joint: This joint is seen
in the bones of the wrist and the
ankle. It allows a gliding
movement by which the bones
can slide against each other.
Example: Rotation of the wrist.

[Link] the bones found in upper limbs and

lower limbs.
Ans: The bone of the upper arm
is called the humerus. It Is joined
to two small bones of the lower
arm, at the Elbow. The arm is
attached to our hand, Lower
limbs Help us walk and run. Each
lower limb consists of
The bones of the upper leg, the lower leg and
the foot,
The bone of the upper leg is called the femur or
the Thigh bone.

4. List three ways in which we can keep our bones

and muscles strong.
Ans: Three ways by which we
can keep our bones and
muscles strong are:
• Eating food that contains
calcium and vitamin D keeps our
bones healthy.
• Eating protein-rich food such
as eggs, fish, meat, cheese or
pulses (peas and beans) keeps
our muscles healthy.
• Doing regular exercise
keeps bones and muscles
strong and healthy.

Differentiate between:

Voluntary Involuntary muscles

muscles
1 Muscles whose
1. Muscles whose movements are not
movements are under under our control are
our control are
involuntary muscles.
called voluntary
muscles.
[Link] work
2. These are automatically
controlled by our will, without our control,
like the muscles in our like the
arms and legs. muscles in the stomach
and heart.
[Link] in body [Link] in internal organs
parts like hands like
and legs. stomach and heart.

Give Reasons:
1. Bones important for protecting internal
organs.
Ans: Bones form a hard and strong covering
around vital organs. For example, the skull
protects the brain, and the ribcage protects the
heart and lungs.
 2. Our bones have joints.
Ans: Joints allow bones to move and
make the body flexible. Without joints, we
wouldn’t be able to bend, rotate, or
perform everyday
activities like walking or writing.

3. Ligaments are important in the skeletal system.

Ans: Ligaments connect bones to each other at
the joints, keeping them stable and ensuring
that the joints function properly during
movement.

Q Draw ,Colour and label the 4 types of joints

Ch. The Nervous system and the respiratory
system
B. SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1. Answer the following in brief.
(a) What is the nervous system?
(a) The nervous system is the organ system that
controls
the functions of all the other organ systems of our
body.
(b) List the parts of the brain.
(b) The three parts of the brain are: cerebrum,
cerebellum and brainstem.

(c) What is reflex action?

(c) A very quick, automatic response of the body
to a sudden change in the surroundings is called a
reflex action.

(d) List the three main parts of the respiratory

system.
(d) The three main parts of the respiratory system
are:
lungs, nose and windpipe.

Q2. Answer the following in detail.

(a) Write any two functions of the nervous system.
(a) Two functions of the nervous system are:
•It controls all the organ systems.
* It communicates information to all parts of the
body.
* It helps us to think, feel, remember and learn.

(b) Describe briefly the functions of the three main

parts of the brain.
(b) The three main parts of the brain are:
* Cerebrum: This is the largest part and the roof of
the brain. It controls learning, thinking, intelligence,
memory and reasoning or logic.
* Cerebellum: This part of the brain lies below the
cerebrum. The cerebellum controls the movement
of muscles such as those of arms and legs.
* Brainstem: The brainstem connects the brain to
the spinal cord. It controls many essential
functions such as breathing, beating of the heart,
swallowing, etc.

(c) Give any one example to describe what

happens in a reflex action.
(c) Some examples of reflex actions are blinking of
eyes when something comes very close to them,
ducking down when we hear a loud sound nearby,
and pulling away immediately when something
sharp touches us.

(d) Describe the three types of nerves.

(d) The three types of nerves are:
Sensory nerves: These nerves carry messages
from the sense organs to the spinal cord or the
brain. They are connected to the brain through the
spinal cord.
•Motor nerves: These nerves carry messages from
the brain to different parts of our body. The
messages are about the action that needs to be
done when the body senses something.
* Mixed nerves: These nerves carry messages to
the brain as well as bring back instructions from
the brain to the rest of the body.
(e) What are sense organs? Give one way by
which we can take care of each of our sense
organs.
(e) Organs of our body that help us sense our
surroundings are called sense organs.
One way by which we can protect each of the 5
sense organs are:
· Eyes - Do not read in dim light.
· Ears - Do not put sharp objects in the ears.
· Skin - Take a bath daily.
· Tongue - Do not eat or drink very hot or very
cold substances.
· Nose - Keep the nose clean.
(f) Describe briefly how the respiratory system
 works.
f) The organ system that helps us breathe air in
and out of our body is called the respiratory
system.
We breathe in air through our nose. From inside
the nose, the air travels through the windpipe to
reach our lungs.
We have two lungs, one on each side of the chest
area.
Lungs help to take in oxygen from the air we breathe in. This oxy
carried to different parts of our body through the blood. The blood
carries carbon dioxide from different parts of the body and brings
the lungs.
The lungs help to take carbon dioxide from the
blood and send it out of the body when we breathe
out through our nose.

Q 3 Differentiate between inhalation and

exhalation.

Inhalation Exhalation
1. Breathing in air 1. Breathing out air is
is called as called exhalation
inhalation
2. We inhale to 2. We exhale to take out
bring in air air containing carbon
containing oxygen dioxide
3. Diaphragm 3. Diaphragm moves up
moves down

Sensory nerves Motor Nerves

1. Sensory nerves carry 1. Motor nerves carry
messages from the sense messages from the
organs to the spinal cord brain to different parts
or the brain of the body
2. Help us feel things like 2. Help our muscles
touch, heat, or pain move or do actions
3. Example: Feeling a hot 3. Example: Moving
stove with your hand your hand away from
the stove

Q. 4 Give reason
1. We should breathe in and out through or nose,
and not through our mouth
Ans-There are fine hair inside our nose that filter
the air we breathe. When we sneeze we expel
dust and germs that sometimes enter or nose that
is why we should breathe in and out through or
nose, and not through our mouth
[Link] actions are controlled by the spinal cord
Ans-Reflex actions need to happen quickly to
protect us from harm. If the signal had to go all the
to the brain, it would take longer. The spinal cord
acts as a shortcut, allowing the signal to travel
faster and trigger a quick response to protect the
body.

Q.5 Draw label and colour

1. Brain

2. Respiratory system
C. PUZZLE OVER
1. What would happen if we did not have reflex
actions?
Most reflexes don't have to travel to the brain to be
processed, which is why they take place so
quickly. If we didn't have a reflex action, it may
take more time to do something.

3. Why is the brain considered the CPU of our

body
Ans -The brain is considered the CPU of our
body because controls all the processing and
important functions of the body.