Torsion Module in Materials Mechanics
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ScribdTranslationsTorsion Module in Materials Mechanics
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsMaterials Mechanics
MODULE
DE
TORSION
M. and Ing. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Mechanics of Materials
The torsion module (torsional moment or torsional inertia) is a
geometric property of the cross section of abeamomechanical prismwhat
relate the magnitude of thetorsor momentwith the tangential tensions on the
cross section.
This module is designated by J and appears in the equations that relate the
associated tangential stresses, the torsional moment (Mx) and the function of thealabeo
unitary(ω), this relationship is roughly given by the two equations
following:
where the coordinates of theshear centerfrom the section.
M. and Ing. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Materials Mechanics
For aprismatic piececonstant torsion section line applying a
constant torsion moment T through its ends the torsion module is
relates to the rotated angle Ø and the total length of the piece through the expression:
where is thetransverse modulus of elasticityof the material of the part.
M. and Ing. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Mechanics of Materials
Torsion module for a circular section
For a circular or hollow circular section, the torsion modulus coincides with
thepolar moment of inertiathat is to say, it coincides with the sum of the two seconds
moments of area of the cross section:
Torsion module for a rectangular section
For a rectangular section with dimensions b by h (b < h), the torsion modulus
is given by the expression:
M. in Eng. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Materials Mechanics
For a square section with a base:
Where the polar moment of inertia is given by:
Torsion module for a triangular section
For an equilateral triangular section with height h and side L, the modulus of torsion
is given by the expression
M. Sc. and Ing. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Materials Mechanics
Torsion modulus for an elliptical section
For a solid elliptical section of semijesayb, theunitary alabeocan
to determine exactly in a simple way. That leads to a torsion module
given by:
Torsion module for any section
Determining the torsion modulus of a section requires knowing theunilateral alabeoω
from the section and the position of theshear centerThe calculation of unit warp or
sectional, so by solving a Von Neumann problem about the section
for which the torsion module is sought. Once the twisting function is known
unitary, just calculate:
M. Sc. in Eng. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Materials Mechanics
Alternatively, the torsion module can be calculated from the formulas
previous ones, reaching the compact expression:
If the section has two perpendicular axes of symmetry, the previous calculation is
simplifca un poco ya que, entonces (Yc, Zc)=(0,0) and the unitary roll is a
defined symmetry function.
M. and Ing. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Materials Mechanics
Torsion module in thin-walled sections
The determination of the torsion modulus of a general section is a problem
complex mathematics that requires the use of formulas, However, for certain
what type of sections can yield a satisfactory result using some means
alternative.
For example, for hollow pieces or in thin wall channels, such as those that are
the vast majority of the sections used in metal construction, can
to approachcross sectionthrough a curve (open or closed) and a certain
thickness around the curve.
Due to the different behavior of the "flow" ofshear stressesthroughout
the section must distinguish three cases:
M. and Eng. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Materials Mechanics
Open profile pieces, in them theintegral curvesof the field of tensions
tangential, do not enclose any area. The metal profiles in H, in I, in U and L.
they are examples of this type of section.
Simple closed profile pieces, They are sections formed by a closed curve
simple, which therefore encloses an area, and a certain constant thickness along the curve.
The hollow tubular profiles with square, rectangular, or circular outer sections are
examples of simple closed section.
Multicellular profile pieces are thin wall sections that do not
sonsimply connectedwhen formed by a certain number of holes
juxtaposed
M. in Eng. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Mechanics of materials
Open thin wall section
Where
it is the total length of the average curve that defines the section.
is the wall thickness (if the first part of the formula were not constant
the previous one is still valid, although the result of the integral would be
different.
If the profile has branches, as occurs in I or H sections then the
the last length integral extends over each of the branches and the last formula
it can be generalized as:
M. Sc. in Eng. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Materials Mechanics
Simple closed section of thin wall
In this case, the flow of tensions is approximately constant throughout the
thickness of the wall that makes up the section. Calling to the area enclosed by the
the average curve that defines the section and its perimeter; the modulus of torsion comes
given by Bredt's formula:
If the section is formed by a simple closed curve plus some branches
that do not constitute closed curves, the modulus of torsion can be obtained by summing
the contribution of the curve that encloses an area and the branches:
M. Sc. and Eng. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Materials Mechanics
Closed section made of thin wall
This case is more complicated than the previous one and the formula is given by a
generalization of Bredt's formula. If the section encloses at most a
areaA, formed by subareas or panels that enclose each one an areaAi[being
the case obviously that A = A1+ ... +Anand there are also branches like
in the previous case, the modulus of torsion is given by:
Where the coefficients that appear in the previous formula are the coefficients of the
matrix
M. and Eng. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Materials Mechanics
Saint-Venant's formula for solid sections
For pieces with high torsional inertia, thetwistis of pure Saint-Venant type or
dominant. Also, because the torsion module must be independent of the
chosen axis system can be constructed as a function of the invariants
algebraic expressions that can be formed from the area and thearea momentsfrom the
cross-section of the piece. In 1855, Saint-Venant proposed a formula that
met that requirement and yields good results for most sections
solid
Where the value of k is often taken between 35 and 40, the only restriction that is
It normally imposes that the cross-section be convex.
M. in Eng. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Mechanics of materials
General torsion: Torsion domains
In the general case, it can be demonstrated that the relative turn of a section is not
constant and does not match the function ofunitary falconFrom the case
general, and defining thetorsional slendernesslike:
WhereG, are respectively themodulus of elasticity
transversaland thelongitudinal elasticity module,J, Iω they are themodule
torsionaland themoment of yawingyL is the length of the bar
straight. We can classify the various cases of general torsion
within limits where the theories are appropriate
approximate.
M. in Engineering Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Mechanics of materials
According to Kollbruner and Basler
Pure Saint-Venant torsion, when.
Saint-Venant dominant torsion, when .
Mixed warped torsion, when.
Dominant warped torsion, when.
Pure warped torsion, when.
The exact calculation of torsion in the general case can be carried out
throughvariational methodsor using aLagrangianbased on theenergy of
deformationThe case of mixed warped torsion can only be addressed by the theory.
general of torsion. In contrast, the Saint-Venant torsion and pure warping torsion
some useful simplifications are admitted.
M. and Ing. Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Mechanics of materials
We will say that a section in which only the torsional moment acts is subjected to
torsion occurs when the rest of the efforts are null. If some also act
From the remaining efforts, we will say that the piece is subjected to combined torsion.
Pure torsion, depending on the shape of the section and the connection of the piece.
to which it belongs, can be of three types:
Uniform or Saint-Venant torsion, which only causes in the section
tangential tensions.
Twisting of torsion, which causes tangential and normal stresses.
Mixed torsion, a blend of the two previous types.
Mr. and Engineer Daniel E. Reyna Valdivia UAA–Aguascalientes, Ags.
Mechanics of materials