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ORIGINAL

OBJECTIVE
Establish and specify the requirements and methods necessary for visual inspection.

NAME TITLE COMPANY DATE

PREPARED BY:

REVISED AND
APPROVED BY:

REVIEW CONTROL
REVIEW DATE OF VALIDITY PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REVIEW
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CONTENT

PARAGRAPH DESCRIPCIÓN PAGE

1.0 OBJECTIVE 3

2.0 SCOPE 3

3.0 RESPONSIBILITIES 3

4.0 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS 3

5.0 DEFINITIONS 3

6.0 STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 4

7.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 5

8.0 AREAS OF EXAMINATION 6

9.0 DEVELOPMENT OF INSPECTION 8

10.0 INDICATIONS THAT MUST BE RECORDED 9

11.0 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS 10

12.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 10

13.0 INSPECTION REPORT 14

14.0 ANNEXES 14
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1.0 OBJECTIVE.
Establish the requirements and methods necessary for visual inspection.

2.0 SCOPE.

2.1 This procedure describes the methods for direct visual inspection and visual inspection.
remote welding, base metal, pumps, valves, tubes, bolts and equipment components
for heat transfer, when required by the client's documents or the order
servicio, lo que sea aplicable.

2.2 It is applicable for the inspection of any type of material (steel, copper alloys, nickel,
etc.), into components of any geometric configuration.

3.0 RESPONSIBILITIES.
3.1 It is the responsibility of the non-destructive testing technical staff of LLOG, S.A. de C.V. level
I will conduct inspections in accordance with the requirements of this procedure.

3.2 It is the responsibility of the non-destructive testing technical staff of LLOG, S.A. de C.V. level
Level II or III, conduct inspections, interpret, evaluate and report the results, according to the
requirements of this procedure.
3.3 It is the responsibility of the Quality Assurance Manager of LLOG, S.A. de C.V. of the control
and update of this procedure.
3.4 It is the responsibility of the level III technical personnel of non-destructive testing of LLOG, S.A. de C.V.
the review and approval of this procedure.

4.0 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS.

4.1 The personnel conducting the inspections, interpreting, evaluating, and preparing the results report, must
be qualified and certified as level I, II, or III in the visual inspection method according to
the procedure No. LLOG-CC-001.

5.0 DEFINITIONS.
5.1 Defect - A discontinuity or group of discontinuities whose indications do not meet a
specified acceptance criterion.
5.2 Discontinuity - An interruption, which can be intentional or not, in the physical structure or
configuration of a part.
5.3 Induced discontinuity in service – Discontinuities resulting from vibration, stresses
excessive, corrosion problems, etc.
5.4 Evaluation - A review, after the interpretation, of the observed indications for
determine whether they meet the specified acceptance criteria.
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5.5 Visual examination - Examination applied to determine the mechanical and structural conditions
general components and their supports, such as the presence of debris or products
abnormalities of corrosion, wear, erosion, corrosion, loss of parts and loss in the
integrity of threaded or welded connections.
5.6 Imperfectness - The deviation of a quality characteristic from an intended condition.
5.7 Indication - The one that marks or denotes the presence of something. Evidence of a discontinuity, that
requires interpretation to determine its meaning.

5.8 False indication – An indication that is interpreted as caused by a condition different from
a discontinuity or imperfection.

5.9 Linear indication – Those indications that are of crack type, serrated, or have ends.
sharp or those that have a length equal to or greater than three times their width.

5.10 Irrelevant indication - An indication that is caused by a condition or type of

discontinuity that is not rejectable. False indications are not relevant.

5.11 Round indication - Those indications that are circular or elliptical in shape with a length
less than three times its width.

5.12 Relevant indication - An indication that is caused by a condition or type of discontinuity.

that requires to be evaluated.

5.13 Interpretation - The action of determining whether the indications are relevant, irrelevant, or false.

5.14 Loss – Reduction or destruction of a material due to erosion or corrosion.

6.0 STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS.

This procedure adheres to the following documents:
6.1 ASME BPV CODE, SECTION V, ARTICLE 9, VISUAL EXAMINATION, ED. 2004
for Pressure Vessels and Boilers, Section V, Article 9, Visual Inspection, ED. 2004.
6.2 AWS D1.1 STRUCTURAL WELDING CODE-STEEL, ED. 1998 (AWS D1.1 Code for)
Welded Steel Structures, ED. 1998.
6.3 API STANDARD 1104, SEPTEMBER 1999. Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities (Standard
API 1104, September 1999, Welding of Pipeline Systems and Related Installations.
6.4 API STANDARD 650, ED. 1980. Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
Steel Soldiers Tanks for Oil Storage.
6.5 ASME BPV CODE, SECTION VIII, DIVISION 1, ED. 1983 (ASME Code for Pressure Vessels)
Pressure and Boilers, Section VIII, Division 1, Ed. 1983.
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7.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.

7.1 Equipment and accessories.

7.1.1 The equipment for direct visual inspection that can be used is the following:
a) Rulers, scales, tape measures, calipers, vernier gauges, micrometers,
cover indicators
b) Lamps, incandescent or fluorescent, portable or fixed, spot or flood.
c) Mirrors
d) Welding gauges (of various types, such as Bridgecam, fillet gauges, Hi-
Lo, etc.)
e) Surface comparators
f) Magnifying lenses (from 5X to 10X)
7.1.2 The equipment for remote visual inspection that can be used is as follows:
a) Binoculars
b) Boroscopy
c) Fibroscopes
d) Video probe or flexible videoscopes
e) Cameras
Of the movie
Digital
f) Video system or equipment
Video system for rigid borescope
Video system for video probator or videoscope
g) Registration instruments
Digital video recorders
Video cassette recorders
h) Monitors
High-resolution monitors
i) Suitable light sources for the equipment used
7.1.3 Preferably, the inspector should have the relevant drawings available for review.
and familiarize themselves with the details applicable to the particular inspected component.

7.2 Lighting Requirements

7.2.1 The minimum light intensity on the surface or site of the examination must be 100 foot-candles.
(1000 lux). The light source, the technique used, and the verification of the light level need to be
demonstrated once, document and keep on file.
7.2.2 The light source, the technique used, and the verification of the light level need to be demonstrated.
time, and they must be documented and kept on file.
7.3 Temperature requirements
7.3.1 The welded joint or the component must have a temperature such that the areas of interest and the
attributes can be inspected properly.
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7.4 Demonstration of the appropriateness of the procedure and the examination

7.4.1 Before conducting the examination, it must be demonstrated that the inspection procedure is adequate.

[Link] In general, a fine line of 1/32 inch (0.8 mm) or less in width, an imperfection
artificial or a simulated condition, located on the surface or a surface similar to which
it will be examined, it can be regarded as a method for demonstrating the procedure.
7.5 Requirements for the remote visual inspection team
7.5.1 Visual aids or systems for remote visual inspection must have a capacity of
resolution at least equivalent to that obtained by direct visual observation.

8.0 AREAS OF EXAMINATION.

8.1 The areas of interest and surfaces to be inspected must be examined as defined.
continuation, unless the client or the applicable documents establish other requirements.
strict for specific materials or applications.
8.1.1 Metal base and welding
[Link] All related and required attributes for welding must be examined, including
those corresponding to the base metal; dimensional characteristics must be verified
using the appropriate measuring equipment.
8.1.2 General inspection of the attributes of a welded joint
[Link] Final inspection of fillet welds
[Link].1 Adequate profile of the fillet

[Link].2 Required sizes for legs and throats

[Link].3 Desired spacings or lengths, if necessary
Welding defects
[Link].5 Base material defects
[Link] Final inspection of groove butt welds and branch welds
[Link].1 Alignment
[Link].2 Welding reinforcement
[Link].3 Welding defects
[Link].4 Defects of the base material
[Link].5 When possible, the surface of the inner diameter should be inspected.
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8.1.3 Inspection of valves and pumps

[Link].1 The external and internal surfaces of the pressure boundary of valves and pumps
they should be examined wherever possible

[Link].2 When a valve or pump is disassembled, examinations must be conducted.

additional in its internal components, with coverage as far as it is
practically possible. The exams must be carried out as specified
with the authorized work document and/or the client's engineering specification
8.1.4 Inspection of components
[Link] The area of interest must be visually examined for discontinuities.
superficial; in addition, adjacent surfaces to the area must be examined
interest, when such surfaces are exposed.
[Link] The function of the components should be known before the exam, as an aid for the
inspector, so that you can determine the types of discontinuities that may be present
presents.
[Link] Components such as tanks or pressure vessels that are found
pressurized or containing fluids may exhibit discontinuities such as:
A. Cracks
B. Leaks
C. Corrosion
D. Erosion
E. Distortion
F. Reduction of thickness or wall thinning
G. Steam cutting
[Link] Components such as valves or pumps, which operate with movement to
performing their functions may exhibit discontinuities such as:
A. Cracks
B. Wear
C. Metal distortion
D. Erosion
E. Attached or tied components
F. Rayones
G. Loss of parts
[Link] Components such as pipes or heat exchangers exposed to high
temperatures can exhibit discontinuities such as:
A. Cracks
B. Distortion
C. Displacement
D. Blocking
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[Link] Components under loads or tension such as fasteners (bolts, screws, etc.) can
exhibit discontinuities such as:
A. Cracks
B. Distortion
C. Twisting
D. Reduction
E. Reduction of thickness or wall thinning

9.0 DEVELOPMENT OF INSPECTION

9.1 Surface preparation.
9.1.1 The area of interest, of the surface to be inspected, and its adjacent zones (at least one
inches) must be dry and free of grease, oil, dust, oxides, paint, and foreign material that
may interfere with the examination. In the case of welded joints, the area of interest includes a
inch adjacent to each side of the weld bead.
[Link] When cleaning is required, common cleaning agents such as the following can be used:
detergents, organic solvents, descaling solutions, paint removers or
degreasers, as long as they are easily washable before starting the inspection.
9.1.2 The visual inspection can be carried out on surfaces with finishes such as: rolled, cast or
soldier; however, surface preparation may be required through machining,
ground, granules or sandblasting, to eliminate irregularities that could mask the
discontinuities.
9.2 Inspection methods/techniques.
9.2.1 Direct visual examination

[Link] The direct visual examination should be performed when access is sufficient to place the eye inside.
from 24 inches (600 mm) of the surface to be examined and at an angle of no less than 30
degrees of the surface that will be examined.
[Link] Mirrors may be used to improve the viewing angle, and aids such as lenses
amplifiers can be used to help in exams.
[Link] Lighting (natural or supplemental white light) is required for the specific part, component,
container or the section that will be examined.
9.2.2 Remote visual examination

[Link] Where it is not possible to perform a direct visual examination, remote visual examination must be used.

[Link] The remote visual examination may include one or more, but is not limited to, the following aids.
visuals: mirrors, binoculars, telescopes, borescopes, fiber optics, video testers or
flexible videoscopes and cameras.
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9.3 For AWS D1.1 products

9.3.1 It must be verified that the size, length, and location of all welds comply with the
requirements and details of the corresponding drawings, and that no welds have been added
not specified without approval.
9.4 Reference location marks.
9.4.1 Each inspected component must be identified with a location mark
Reference. The reference brand must be located as follows:
[Link] In horizontal components, the reference mark should be located at the top.
near: the identification plate, male entry, North end, East end, front part,
fluid entry, etc., whatever is applicable.
In vertical components, the reference mark must be located towards the north.
close to: the identification plate, man entry and/or floor level, whichever is applicable.
[Link] The location of any discontinuity that must be recorded, on the component and in the
drawing or sketch, complementary photograph or video of the results report, must have as
refer to the location marker. The reference marker should be considered as the starting point and,
successively, the direction of flow, from North to South or from East to West, from bottom to top or in the
clockwise.
[Link] The reference marks must be identified on the base material by mechanical stamping.
with low effort or with paint.

10.0 INDICATIONS THAT MUST BE RECORDED

10.1 All the following conditions must be recorded and documented in the data sheet or report.
applicable. The recorded information must provide a detailed description, including the
location, size and extent of the condition:
10.1.1 Cracks or crack-like indications
10.1.2 Corrosion, erosion, pitting, steam cutting
10.1.3 Wear of assembled or adjusted surfaces, scratches, scuffs
10.1.4 Structural or mechanical damage, displacements, distortion
10.1.5 Loss of parts such as fasteners (bolts, screws, etc.)
10.1.6 Debris or rubble observed inside components, jammed springs, etc.
10.1.7 Loss of integrity of connections, where the fasteners do not fully perform their function,
reduction of its diameter, etc.
10.1.8 Alignment of parts, distortion
10.1.9 Escape
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10.2 Procedures, specifications, or engineering documents may alter or remove parts of

or the complete registration criteria and they can establish new criteria.
10.3 In case of using photography or video as a means of recording the condition, the image must
aparecer una referencia dimensional que muestre la proporción real de la condición, para lo cual
A ruler, scale, vernier caliper, etc. can be used.

11.0 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS

11.1 Not all indications are necessarily discontinuities, excessive roughness in the
surface, the ends of thermally affected areas, etc., can produce indications
similar to discontinuities.
11.2 Any questionable or doubtful indication must be reexamined to determine, in any case,
whether it is relevant or not.

11.3 The evaluation of discontinuities will be carried out by direct sizing.

12.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

12.1 For AWS D1.1 products
12.1.1 Welding profiles.
[Link] All welds must be free of the unacceptable profiles shown in the figure. No.
1 of Annex A.
The faces of fillet welds can be slightly convex, flat, or slightly
concave, as shown in figure No.1. Item 'C' shows the profiles of welds of
typically unacceptable fillet.
[Link] Except for excavated areas, the requirements of Figure No. 1 do not apply to the ends of
intermittent fillet welds beyond their effective length.
[Link] Except for the external ends of welds in corner joints, the convexity of
a weld or individual surface of beads must not exceed the provided values
in figure No.1(C).
[Link] Groove welds must be made with a minimum face reinforcement, unless otherwise specified.
what is specified. In the case of butt joints and corner joints, the reinforcement of the face must not
exceed 1/8" (3 mm) in height. All welds must have a gradual transition with
regarding the plane of the base metal surfaces, with the transition areas free of undermining,
except as permitted. Figure No. 1(D) shows groove weld profiles
Typically acceptable in butt joints. Figure No. 1(E) shows weld profiles.
typically unacceptable for groove welds in butt joints.
[Link] For surfaces that need to be leveled flush, they must be finished in such a way that they do not
reduce the thickness of the thinner base metal or the welding metal by more than 1/32'' (1
mm), or 5% of the material thickness, whichever is less. The remaining reinforcement must not
exceed 1/32" of thickness. However, all reinforcement must be removed where the welding
is part of a joint or surface in contact. All reinforcement must be uniform
leveled with the surfaces of the plate with transition areas free of scour.
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12.1.2 Welding discontinuities.

Welds must be accepted if they meet the criteria in the following Table 1:
Table 1
Connections Connections Connections
No Tubulars No Tubulars Tubular
Statically Cyclically Allkinds
Category of discontinuity Charged Loaded of loads)
Prohibitionofcracks Applicable Applicable Applicable
The welding must not have cracks.

(2)Fusionbetweenweldingandbasemetal
Theremustbecompletefusionbetweenadjacentlayersof Applicable Applicable Applicable
weldingandbetweenweldingmetalandbasemetal.

Craters through the cross-section Applicable Applicable Applicable

All the craters across the entire cross-section of the weld
must be filed in, except at the ends of the welds
intermittentsoffilet,outsideoftheireffectivelength.

Missing Applicable Applicable Applicable

Afillet weld in any continuous weld
simple, a shortfall of the nominal size should be allowed
specified filet of 1/16" (1.6 mm) without correction, with the
condition that the missing portion of welding does not exceed the
10% of the length of the weld. In welds for joining the web.
andskatingonbeamsortrusses,missingpiecesarenotallowedinthe
extremes with a length equal to twice the width of the skid.

excavated Applicable
(A)Formaterialswithathicknessoflessthan1"(25.4mm)the
undercut must not exceed 1/32" (1 mm), except that it is
allowed a maximum of 1/16” (1.6 mm) for a length
accumulated of 2" (50 mm) in any length of 12"
(305mm).Formaterialequaltoorgreaterthan1"inthickness,the
the undermined should not exceed 1/16" for any length of
welding.

(B)Inprimarymembers,theunderminingshouldnotbe Applicable Aplicable

greaterthan0.01"(0.25mm),indepthwhenthe
welding is transversal to tensile stresses
any design load [Link] undermining must not
begreaterthan1/32"(1mm)indepthforallothers
cases.
Porosity Applicable
Thegrooveweldswithfullpenetrationin
full joints transverse to the direction of the stresses
calculated tension should not have visible tubular porosity.
Para las otras soldaduras de ranura y soldaduras de filete, la
sum of the visible tubular porosity of 1/32" (1 mm) of
diameterorlargermustnotexceed3/8"(10mm)in
any linear inch of welding and must not exceed
3/4"(19mm)inanylengthof12"(305mm)of
welding.
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Table 1 (Continuation)
Connections Connections Connections
No Tubular No Tubular Tubulars
Statically Cyclically Allkinds
Category of discontinuity Loaded Loaded of loads
Porosity
The frequency of tubular porosity in welds Applicable Applicable
the fillet must not exceed one for every 4" (100 mm) in length
of welding and the maximum diameter should not exceed 3/32"
(2mm).Exception:Forfiletweldsthatconnect
reinforcementstothesoul,thesumoftheporositydiameters
tubular, should not exceed 3/8" (10 mm) in any inch
welding line and should not exceed 3/4" (19 mm) in
any length of 12” (305 mm) of welding.
(C)The full penetration groove welds in Applicable Applicable
joints fully transverse to the direction of the efforts of
calculated tension should not have tubular porosity. For
all the other groove welds, the frequency of the
tubular porosity must not exceed one in 4” (100 mm) of
Length and the maximum diameter must not exceed 3/32" (2 mm).

[Link] All welds must be free of arc strikes, weld spatter, and burn-throughs
and overlaps.
Welded surfaces should not exhibit coarse or thick waviness, valleys, or humps.
abrupt and extreme bulges.
12.2 For API 1104 products
12.2.1 When mechanical means are used to determine the depth, the excavation adjacent to the
cover or root cords should not exceed the dimensions found in Table 2.
continuation:
Table 2
Depth Length
Greaterthan1/32"(0.8mm)orgreaterthan12.5%of Itisnotacceptable
wall thickness of the pipe, any
thatitbesmaller

Greaterthan1/64"(0.4mm)orgreaterthan6%andequal 2” (50 mm) en una longitud continua de 12”

to 12.5% of the wall thickness of the pipe, (300 mm) of weld or one sixth of the length
anyone who is younger from welding, whichever is less
Less than or equal to 1/64" (0.4 mm) or less than or equal
Acceptable
to regardless of its length
6% of the wall thickness of the pipe,
whoever is younger

12.3 For API 650 products

12.3.1 The following welding defects are unacceptable:
Scoria
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[Link] with a depth greater than 1/64" (0.4 mm) for vertical butt joints
3. Excavated to a depth greater than 1/32" (0.8 mm) for horizontal butt joints
4. Acute angles in the weld fingers
5. Remaining welding points, used for joint alignment
6. Misalignment
a. Vertical butt joints: It should not exceed 10% or 1/16" (1.5 mm), whichever is greater
b. Horizontal butt joints: It should not exceed 20% or 1/18” (3 mm), whichever is greater.
12.3.2 For butt welds, the reinforcement of the weld should not exceed the values indicated in Table 3.
continuation:
Table 3
Thicknessoftheplate Vertical joints Horizontal joints
1/2" (12.7 mm) and smaller 3/32" (2 mm) 1/8"(3mm)
Greaterthan1/2"(12.7mm)and, 1/8"(3mm) 3/16" (4 mm)
up to 1" (25.4) inclusive
Greaterthan1"(25.4mm) 3/16" (4 mm) 1/4”(6mm)

12.4 For ASME SECTION VIII, DIVISION 1 products

Welded surfaces must not exhibit coarse or thick waviness, valleys, or hills.
abrupt and bulging extremes.
12.4.2 For fillet welds
[Link] Any simple continuous weld may be less than the specified size, except that the
reduction in size should not exceed 1/16" (1.5 mm). The total portion of the weld with size
the smaller must not exceed 10% of the length of the weld and the longest portion, with size
smaller, it should not be more than 2" (50 mm) in length.

[Link] The following defects are unacceptable:

Cracks
2. Lack of fusion
3. Incomplete penetration
4. Arc Strikes
5. Crater
6. Recesses larger than 1/32" (0.8 mm)
7. Slag
8. Welding splashes
Burnt
12.4.3 For groove butt welds
[Link] The following defects are unacceptable:
Cracks
2. Lack of fusion
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Incomplete penetration
4. Concavity, when the wall thickness is below the minimum wall thickness
required
5. Acute angles in the weld fingers

13.0 INSPECTION REPORT

13.1 The results of each inspection must be reported by Level II or III in the reporting format.
for inspection, to which any necessary documentation, information or drawing will be attached
allow the tracking of the report to the component(s), area(s) of the component(s) or
welded joint(s) inspected.
13.1.1 The location of the indications must be documented within the report format or in a
attached sketch, approximately scaling the inspected area or piece.

14.0 ANNEXES
14.1 Annex A Figure No. 1: Acceptable and unacceptable welding profiles
14.2 Format Inspection Report
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ANNEX A

A A A

T T T T

C C C
Size Size Size Tamaño
Desirable fillet weld profiles (B) Acceptable fillet weld profiles
Note: The convexity (C) of a weld or individual surface bead with dimension (A) must not
exceed the value of the following table:

Weld face width or

individual superficial cord Maximum convexity (C)
A ≤ 5/16” (8 mm) 1/16" (1.6 mm)
A > 5/16” (8 mm) to A < 1” (25.4 mm) 1/8" (3 mm)
A ≥ 1” (25.4 mm) 3/16” (5 mm)

Throat Convexity Undermined Overlap Leg Fusion

Insufficient Excessive Excessive Insufficient Incomplete
(C) Unacceptable fillet weld profiles
R
R
T1
R

Together to the top Top junta (transition)

plate thickness equal different plate thickness
Note: The reinforcement (R) must not exceed 1/8" (3 mm).
Acceptable profiles in groove welding in butt joint

Convexity Throat undermined Overlap

Excessive Insufficient Excessive
Unacceptable profiles in groove welding on butt joints
 VISUAL INSPECTION REPORT
1.-GENERALITIES.
REPORTE No.: FECHA: SHEET: DE
CLIENT: WORK:

2.-PARTS DATA.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PART:
DIMENSIONS: TYPE OF MATERIAL:
No. FROM PARTY: No. SERIES:
MANUFACTURING PROCESS:
DRAWING OR REFERENCE PLAN:
SURFACE FINISH:
INSPECTED AREA:

3.-INFORMATION ABOUT THE INSPECTION.

PROCEDURE No.: REVISION: NORM:
VISUAL INSPECTION METHOD: DIRECT REMOTE
MAXIMUM DISTANCE TO THE SITE: APPROXIMATE ANGLE TO THE SURFACE:

4.-VISUAL AUXILIARIES.
MAGNIFIER (LENSES) MAGNIFICATION POWER MIRROR
TYPE OF LIGHT SOURCE:

5.-MEASURING TOOLS.
LINEAR MEASURING TOOLS
Welding Gauges

6-REMOTE VISUAL INSPECTION EQUIPMENT.

TYPE: BOROSCOPE FIBROSCOPE VIDEO PROBER OR VIDEOSCOPE
BRAND: MODEL: No. SERIAL:

7-OBSERVATIONS.

ACCEPTANCE CRITERION:
ACCEPTED REJECTED

I Elaborate APPROVED CLIENTE:

LEVEL SNT-TC-1A LEVEL SNT-TC-1A NOMBRE:

FECHA: DATE: FECHA: