Tacheometry: Measurement Techniques Explained
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ScribdTranslationsTacheometry: Measurement Techniques Explained
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsTACHEOMETRY
LAND SURVEYING SCIENCE 2
TACHYOS FAST
METRON MEASUREMENT
Meaning: Accelerating Measurement
Tacheometry is a method of measuring distance using
The Optical Completeness Present in the THEODOLITE Device
Tacheometric System :
Paralactic Angle Position of the Sign Tacheometry System
Change Vertical Tangential
Stay Vertical Stadium
Change Horizontal Substance Bar
Stay Horizontal Optical Wedge
(Baji Optis)
Paralactic Angle:
The angle measured from the Measuring Instrument towards the Short Baseline
formed on a Measurement Sign
This method is rarely used because it is less precise, but easy.
understood in the implementation of measurement.
Measurement Procedure:
The theodolite is set up at point A and record the instrument height (i)
The telescope is adjusted so that the vertical angle reads:
00° 00’ 00”/ 00g00cg00ccg
Note the reading of the sign placed vertically at point B(C)
The vertical circle locking screw is loosened and aims at the sign.
B (D) Record the reading, and its vertical angle. ).
The difference between the reading of the second sign is (C-D)
Thread price difference (S).
D
S
T
C
i
B
d
tan = S/d →Flat Distance ( d ) = S /tan
Height Difference → Dt = i - C
S = the difference in the reading of the center thread (C –D)
d = horizontal distance
paralactic angle
D
S
C
h
B
T
E
Dt
i
A
d
BASIC FORMULA :
OnDDTE→DE = TE tan Flat Distance :
DCTE → CE = TE tan d = S / (tan tan )
Height Difference:
TE = d; S = DE–CE
S = d (tan tan ) Dt = i + d tan -h
T
E
Dt S
C
h
d B
BASIC FORMULA:
OnDDTE→DE = TE tan Flat Distance :
DCTE→CE = TE tan d = S/(tan tan )
Height Difference :
TE = d; S = CE–DE Dt = i - d tan -h
S = d (tan tan )
C
T
E S
i
D
h
A
Dt
d B
BASIC FORMULA :
OnDTEC→CE = d tan Flat Distance:
DTED→ED = d tan d = S/(tan + tan )
S = CE + ED Height Difference:
S = d (tan + tan )
Dt = i - d tan -h
Tacheometry Tangential (continued)
BASIC FORMULA:
1. Jarak Datar :
d = S/(tan ±tan )
Height Difference:
Dt = i ± d tan –h
To speed up calculations, procedures such as can be used
below:
The thread difference (S) is taken the same.
- Value (tan +/-tan taken permanently
Aim high at the tool: Dt = i±d tan –h i = h
Dt = ±d tan
TacheometryTangible (continued)
1. GROSS ERRORS
Wrong reading of the Measurement Sign
Incorrectly reading the Vertical Angle
Incorrect Recording
2. SYSTEMATIC ERRORS
The Measuring Sign is not upright
Difference in Refraction
D
T
C S
i
E
V
A
d B
d = m.S + k
"Tacheometry Stadia" (continuation)
C D
h
V
B
T d2
d1
E Dt
I
A d
Measurement Data:
1. Height of Theodolite ( i )
2. Measurement Gauge Reading (ba; bt; bb)
3. Vertical Angle ( θ)
"Tacheometry Stadia" (continuation)
TC = m.S + k
OnΔTCE TE = TC cosθ
d = [Link]θ + [Link]θ
On ΔBCD CD = [Link]θ
d2= [Link]θ
Maka: d = d1+ d2= [Link]θ + [Link]θ + [Link]θ
Δt = i + V - h V = [Link]θ + [Link]θ
h = [Link]θ
Tacheometry Stadia (continuation)
C S
h
V
B
T
D Dt
i
A d
On: Δ Cmm' Cm' = [Link] θ
m
I'm Δ Cnn’ Cn' = [Link] θ m'n' = [Link] θ
= [Link]θ
θ Slope distance: TC = [Link]θ + k
C S
θ At: ΔTCD TD = [Link]θ
CD = [Link]θ
n’
Flat distance: TD = d = m.S. cos2θ + [Link]θ
n
Height Difference: Δt = i ± V–h
V = m.S. cosθ. sinθ + [Link]θ
h = bt
The substance bar consists of 2 arms that
made of a metal alloy that
connected with a hinge/joint,
until it can be folded.
This tool is equipped with a sighting point at
the end that is 2m away, and in
in the middle. In addition, it is also equipped with
level and sighting telescope. This tool
mounted on top of a tripod.
In triangle Δ ABC, CB = ½ the length of the bar = b/2 = 1 m
Angle ABC = 90 and <CAB = θ/2
Tan θ/2 = CB/AB
AB = CB / Tan(θ/2) = 1 / Tan(θ/2) = Cot(θ/2)
See Δ T B1 B11
B1 B11 = H = D tanα
ΔL = I + H–h
Tacheometry Stadia (continuation)
RESULTS OF TACHEOMETRY MEASUREMENTS:
Height Angle Reading Signboard Description
Dot Vertical Angle.
Tool ( i ) Horiz.
ba bt bb
A 82 degrees 15 minutes 00 seconds 2,500
1.42 T. Tangential
B 84 degrees 20 minutes 00 seconds 1,200
B 95° 36' 00" T. Stadium RB.^
1.30 1,820 1,420 1,020
C Grs Bidik
C 81 degrees 17 minutes 00 seconds T. Stadia RB.^
1.45 1,540 1,240 0,940
D Bid. Horiz.
D h = 1,1 m
1.45 7 degrees 45 minutes 00 seconds
79° 50' 00"
E Substance Bar
COUNT : a. Distance AB; BC; CD; DE.
b. Height B;C;D;E; if Height A = + 250
Catatan :m = 100 k = 0
Optical Wedge System
This tool is a wedge-shaped glass prism.
mounted in front of the objective lens, covering 1/3 of the lens area
objective.
Rays that do not pass through the prism travel
as usual and the light passing through the prism
will be refracted.
The prism is made in such a way that the shift b
the same as 1/100 of distance D, so if there are 2 objects
100 meters away from the prism and adjacent to it
at a distance of 1 meter, from the telescope the object
looks crowded.
Other equipment designed for this purpose is
special measuring markers.