MAP Sensor Function and Diagnostics
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ScribdTranslationsMAP Sensor Function and Diagnostics
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsSENSOR MAP
INTAKE MANIFOLD PRESSURE SENSOR
The MAP sensor serves as an input for the PCM, using a unit.
silicon-based sensor to provide information about the vacuum of
admission manifold, which extracts the air-fuel mixture towards the
interior of the combustion chamber.
The PCM requires this information to determine the pulse amplitude.
of the injector and the spark advance.
When the barometric pressure is equal to that of the MAP, the pulse amplitude is
the maximum.
Also, like the camshaft and crankshaft sensors, they are supplied
5 volts from the PCM and returns a voltage signal to the PCM, which reflects the
pressure of the manifold.
The operating limits of the MAP sensor are between 0.450 volts (high
empty), and 4.80 volts (under no load).
For it to operate, the sensor is supplied with a regulated voltage of 4.80 to 5.01
volts.
Like the camshaft and crankshaft sensors, they are provided with a
mass through the sensor return circuit.
Professor Jorge Antonio Guillén
The MAP sensor input is the most important for determining the magnitude
of the injection pulse.
The PCM needs to know if it is at sea level or in a city like...
Mexico City is at 2,200 meters above sea level (7,218 feet), due to
that the density of air changes with altitude.
It also helps to correct variations in weather conditions.
This is important because air pressure changes as
the barometric pressure changes.
Barometric pressure and altitude have an inversely correlational relationship.
Directly, as altitude increases, barometric pressure decreases.
The first thing that happens when the key is turned, before it reaches the
starting position, the PCM energizes and detects the voltage at the MAP sensor and
Based on that voltage you see, you know the current barometric pressure in relation to it.
with the altitude.
Once the engine starts, the PCM monitors the voltage again at each
edge of 69º and 9º.
Then average these voltages and compare the current voltage with the one that
There was when putting the key in the ignition position.
The difference between the current value and the one it had when the key was put in the
ignition position, it is the vacuum of the manifold.
When putting the key in the ignition position (without the engine running), the
sensor reads (updates), the barometric pressure (baro).
A normal range can be obtained by monitoring a good known sensor.
in the work area.
As altitude increases, the air becomes lighter (less oxygen).
If a vehicle is started and driven at altitudes very different from those
in which the key was turned to the on position, the pressure
barometric needs to be updated.
PROFESSOR JORGE ANTONIO GUILLÉN
When the PCM receives 1,800 volts above the minimum TPS, and
based on the rpm, update the barometric pressure in the cell of
memory of the MAP.
With these updates, the PCM can perform the calculations with more
effectiveness.
Also, if the MAP is always greater than the barometric pressure, it is updated.
automatically.
The PCM uses the MAP sensor signal to assist in calculating the
next
Barometric Pressure.
The engine load.
The intake manifold pressure.
The pulse width of the injector.
The spark advancement programs.
The change point strategies (only in transmissions
automatics.
The IAC position.
The fuel cut during deceleration.
The MAP sensor signal comes from a simple piezo/resistor element.
located at the center of a diaphragm.
The element and the diaphragm are made of silicone.
As the pressure changes, the diaphragm moves causing the
the element bends and exerts force on the silicone.
When silicone is exposed to stress, its resistance changes.
As the vacuum in the manifold increases, the input voltage of the
MAP sensor increases proportionally.
PROFESSOR JORGE ANTONIO GUILLÉN
The sensor also contains an electronic card that conditions the signal and
provides temperature compensation.
The PCM recognizes an increase in manifold pressure by monitoring a
voltage decrease based on the reading stored in the cell of the
barometric pressure memory.
The MAP sensor is a linear sensor; as the pressure changes, the voltage
changes proportionally.
The output voltage range is usually between 4,600 volts at the level of
sea and 0.3 at 660 mm (26 inches) of Hg.
Barometric pressure is the pressure exerted by the atmosphere on a
element.
At sea level, on a normal day, with no wind, the barometric pressure is
29.9 in. of Hg. and for every 30.5 m (100 feet) of altitude, the pressure
barometric pressure decreases by 2.54 mm (0.1 in.) of mercury.
If there is a storm, it can either increase (high pressure) or decrease (low pressure).
pressure), in relation to what it should be for that altitude.
You should have the habit of knowing what the average pressure is and the
corresponding barometric pressure in your area.
To test the MAP sensor, always use the procedures manual.
diagnostic tests.
PROFESSOR JORGE ANTONIO GUILLÉN
Diagnosis of the MAP sensor
There are three routines to diagnose the MAP sensor:
High voltage
Low voltage
There is no change in the MAP voltage
With the engine operating between 400 and 1,500 rpm, the throttle almost closed,
if the
MAP voltage is above 4.6 volts, a high voltage failure is fixed.
There are two different ways to fix low voltage failure, if the voltage of the MAP
is about to
below 1.2 volts at startup, the failure is fixed.
The other is the low voltage of the MAP at 0.2 volts when the engine is operating.
To establish the rationality of the failure, there is no change in the MAP sensor from the
start
until the marching position, the PCM must receive a very small difference
between the
MAP voltage with the engine running and barometric pressure with the key on
the position
of ignition.
This is done all the time.
If the RPM approaches idle speed and the throttle is closed, the
empty must
is greater than a calibrated amount, if the vacuum is not high, then it is set
a flaw.
The MAP voltage is monitored only when the vehicle is in the
accelerator almost
closed and the rpm approximately between 400 and 1,500 rpm.
Professor Jorge Antonio Guillén
This means that if the sensor is defective at RPMs above 1,500.
RPMs, the PCM believes that any reading it takes from the MAP sensor is real.
MAP sensor safety routine.
When the MAP sensor malfunctions, the PCM stores a DTC.
When the PCM sets a DTC, the information from the MAP is considered as
inexact.
At this point, the PCM moves towards the 'security routine' mode.
The safety routine in the MAP sensor allows the engine to keep running.
without the input to the PCM from the MAP sensor.
The PCM must calculate the amount of air that is being consumed by the
motor, which is carried out by calculating the values of the MAP sensor based on
in the readings of the CKP sensor (rpm), and of the throttle position sensor
(TPS).
At the moment the PCM sets a DTC for the MAP, the light turns on.
engine malfunction indicator lamp (MIL).
There are two O-rings of fluorosilicone in the MAP nipple, which are
susceptible to damage from packaging or poor installation.
Be careful when removing or installing the MAP sensor.
NOTE:
Starting with the 1997 model year, the MAP diagnostic range is 600.
at 3,500 rpm.
The review of a MAP sensor is nothing more than checking its power supplies.
mass and 5 volts, besides the signal, but it is not knowing the strategy of
operation of the same.
In order to know which and why is the failure of this area of the system
injection.
PROFESOR JORGE ANTONIO GUILLÉN
Professor Jorge Antonio Guillen