Municipality of Makilala
MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Makilala, Cotabato
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FIRE PROTECTION AND ARSON INVESTIGATION
Course Number: CDI 6 Instructor: MARY ANN T. NADNADEN, RCRIM
Course Title : Fire protection and Arson investigation
Credit Units : 3 Units Email:maryannnadnaden23@[Link]
Module No :2
Duration : 2 weeks
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the concept of combustion;
2. Elucidate the classifications, causes, prevention, control, and extinguishments of fire;
3. Define and discuss the organization, and Mandates of the Bureau of Fire Protection;
4. Understand the Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 (RA 9514), its IRR, and The Law on Destructive
Arson and relevant provisions of the Building Code of the Philippines; and
5. Techniques and Procedure in Fire and Arson Investigation and Processing of Arson Evidence and filing of
charges in court.
II. References
Delizo, Darlito Bernard G. (n.d.). Unpublished lecture notes. University of the Cordilleras, Baguio City.
Delizo, Darlito Bernard G. (n.d.). Unpublished lecture notes. University of the Baguio, Baguio City.
Woods, DeVere Jr. D. (2013) O’Hara’s Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation (8 th ed.). Charles C. Thomas Published Ltd.,
Springfield, Illinois, USA.
LADDER OPERATIONS
Ladders provide firefighters to access elevated areas in a dwelling fire. It is also provides an emergency
escape route for firefighters in a multilevel building or they may need to rescue occupants who are trapped
from upper levels. Ladders can also be placed to position firefighters for ventilation and fire extinguishing work.
Ladders are made up of rails and rungs. The rails run along the sides and are connected by the rungs that are
used as steps of the ladder. The top of the ladder is called the tip. The bottom end of the ladder is called the
butt, while the part of the ladder that touches the ground is called the heel.
Types of ladder
Straight Ladder
This is a type of ladder that contains only one section. It ranges in length from
12 to 16 feet. The most common size is the 14-foot straight ladder.
Extension Ladder This is consisted of a bed section and two or more fly sections. The fly section slides through guides on
upper end of the bed section. It contains locks which hook over the rungs of
the bed section. These secure it in a designated position, dependent upon the desired
length of the ladder.
An extension ladder that has a stay poles is
called tormentors. Tormentors support the beams and give
extra stability when raising or lowering the ladder. It
ranges from 4.6 to 10 meters in length (15 -33 feet).
Extension ladders that are extended to more than 35 feet
are called Bangor ladders.
Attic Ladder
It provides means of reaching through an opening
into attics, lofts, and other areas that are somewhat
difficult to reach without a special ladder. It can be
folded or collapsed for a small room or closet works.
They are usually short because they are required to
reach only a short distance.
Wall Ladder
This type of ladder best used in rescue where a ladder in place is already falls short of the endangered
person. It allows the user to climb up or down, one storey at a time (e.g.
scalling or pompier, and fire escape).
Aerial Ladder
This type of ladder that is mounted on a turntable,
capable of extending up to 30.5 meters (100 feet), may
have three or four metal fly sections of ladder that can
be raised or lowered by hydraulically controlled cables.
Forms of Aerial Ladder
1. Hydraulic Aerial Ladders
2. Elevating Platform (Articulated boom)
Uses:
Provide a source of heavy streams in combating fire;
Best used for rescue operations;
Used an elevator to lift handlines, handtools and
short ladders up to its load limits;
Used as a reconnaissance platform or a place from
which to direct operations.
TYPE OF LADDER CARRIES:
1. One-man carry- remove the ladder from the apparatus and pass either arm through the ladder at the middle of its
length. Carry it with the hooks forward and lowered.
2. Two-man carry- normally extension ladders from 24 to 36 feet in length require at least two men. To remove the
ladder from the fire apparatus, place one man near each end. Each man then passes one arm through the ladder and
grasps the second rung forward. Both men must be on the same side.
3. Four-man carry- remove the ladder from the apparatus and place it on the ground with the fly up. Have the four men
take their positions, two near each end, on opposite sides of the ladder. Face the top of the ladder. Reach down and
grasp a rung with the hand nearest it. Raise the ladder on the shoulder.
4. Six-man carry- this procedure is the same as the four-man carry except that an additional two men are placed in the
middle on the opposite sides to carry a heavier ladder.
IMPORTANT FACTORS AND PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES IN LADDER RAISE:
Firefighters must need to look overhead for electrical wires or equipment before making final selection on
where to place a ladder or what method to us for raising it.
A distance of at least 10ft (3m) from all energized electrical equipment. The distance must be maintained at all
times, including the raising of the ladder.
HANDLING OF LADDERS:
A. LADDER SAFETY
Always wear protective gear including gloves when working with ladders
Choose the proper ladder for the job;
Use leg muscle when lifting ladders below the waist;
Use the proper number of fire fighters/ personnel for each raise;
Make sure the ladders are not raised into electrical wires;
Check ladder for proper angle;
Check the rung locks to be sure that they are seated over the rungs;
Make sure that the ladder is secure at the top of bottom or both before climbing;
Climb smoothly and rhythmically;
Always use a leg lock when working from the ladder;
Inspect ladders for damage and wear after each use.