Work and Kinetic Energy Exercises
Work and Kinetic Energy Exercises
Hernández Rodríguez
THIRD PARTIAL
FORM
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Prepared by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
WORK
6.1 Imagine that you push your physics book 1.50 m across a horizontal table with a force
horizontal of 2.40 N. The opposing frictional force is 0.600 N. a) How much work
efectúa la fuerza de 2.40 N sobre el libro? b) ¿Y la fricción? c) ¿Que trabajo total se efectúa
about the book? R= a) 3.60 J b) -0.90J
6.2 An old oak bucket weighing 6.75 kg hangs in a well at the end of a rope that passes
about a frictionless pulley at the top of the well, and you pull the rope
horizontally to lift the cube slowly 4.00 m. a) How much work do you do?
{"a":"About the cube?","b":"And the gravitational force acting on the cube?","c":"What is the total work?"}
is carried out on the cube? R = a) 264.6 J b) -265 J c) cero
6.3 A fisherman reels in 12.0 of line while pulling on a fish that exerts a constant resistance.
of 25.0 N. If pulled at a constant speed, how much work does the tension do on the fish?
from the line? R = 300 J
6.4 A person horizontally pushes a 30.0 kg box a distance of 4.5 m on a flat floor,
at constant speed. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the floor and the box is 0.25.
a) ¿Que magnitud de fuerza debe aplicar el obrero? b) ¿Cuánto trabajo efectúa sobre la
box? c) How much work does friction do on the box? d) How much work does the
normal force?, gravity? e) What total work is done on the box?
a) 74 N b) 331 J c) -331 J d) cero d) cero
6.5 Suppose that the worker from the previous exercise pushes at an angle of 30 [Link] the
horizontal. a) What magnitude of force must be applied to move the box with velocity
constant? b) What work does this force do on the box if it is pushed 4.5 m? c) What
What work does the friction do on the box in this displacement? d) How much work is done?
la fuerza normal? ¿La gravedad? e) ¿Que trabajo total se efectúa sobre la caja?
a) 99.2 N b) 386.5 J c) -386.5 J d) cero e) cero
A boat is pulling a skier with a horizontal rope. She is skiing to one side,
until the rope forms an angle of 15owith its direction of movement, and then continues in
straight line. The tension in the rope is 180.0 N. How much work does the rope do on the
skier during a displacement of 300.0 m? R = 5.22 x 104J
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Elaboró: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
A loaded shopping cart rolls through a parking lot where a breeze blows.
strong wind. You apply a constant force F = (30 N) i - (40 N) j to the cart while
it undergoes a displacement s = (-9.0 m) i - (3.0 m) j. How much work does the force do that
Do you apply to the cart? R = -150 J
A 0.800 kg ball is tied to the end of a 1.60 m long string and is made to
rotate in a vertical circle. a) During a complete circle, starting from any
point, I calculated the total work done on the ball by: i) the tension in the cord; ii) the
gravity. b) Repeat part (a) for the movement along the semicircle that goes from the zenith to
nadir of the trajectory.
6.10a) Calculé la energía cinética, en joules, de un auto de 1600 kg que viaja a 50 km/h. b)
What factor does kinetic energy change if speed is doubled? R = 1.54 x 105J
6.11 T. Rex. It is believed that the mass of a Tyrannosaurus rex was around 7000 kg. a) Try
the dinosaur as a particle and estimate its kinetic energy while walking at a speed of 4.0
km/h. b) What acidity would a person weighing 70 kg need to move at to have the same
kinetic energy that the T. Rex has while walking? R = a) 4.32 x 10311.1 m/s
6.12a) Cuantos joules de energía cinética tiene una persona al caminar? ¿Y al correr? b)
How many joules of kinetic energy does a large car have when moving at speeds of
motorway? c) If we drop a weight of 1 kg from shoulder height, how many joules
What kinetic energy will it have upon reaching the ground?
A stone weighing 20 N is launched vertically upward from the ground. It is observed that,
When it is 15.0 m above the ground, it travels at a speed of 25 m/s upwards. Use the theorem.
work-energy to determine a) its speed at the moment of being launched; b) its height
maximum. R = a) 30.3 m/s b) 46.8 m
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Prepared by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
A '12 pack' of soda (weighing 4.30 kg) is at rest on a horizontal floor. Then,
a trained dog that exerts a horizontal force with a magnitude of 36.0 N pushes it 1.20
m in a straight line. Use the work-energy theorem to determine the final speed if a)
there is no friction between the '12 pack' and the floor; b) the coefficient of kinetic friction between the '12
pack and the floor is 0.30 R = a) 4.48 m/s b) 3.61 m/s
A watermelon weighing 4.8 kg is dropped (initial speed zero) from the roof of a building.
of 25.0 m. a) Calculate the work done by gravity on the watermelon during its
displacement from the rooftop to the sidewalk. What kinetic energy does the watermelon have just
before crashing to the ground? Ignore air resistance.
R = a) 1176 J b) 1176 J
POWER
6.21 How many Joules of energy does a 100-watt bulb consume in an hour? With what
How fast would a 70 kg person have to run to have that amount of energy?
R = 3.6 x 105J; 101 m/s
A 20.0 kg stone slides over a rough horizontal surface at 8.0 m/s and
it finally comes to a stop due to friction. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the stone and
The area is 0.200. How much average thermal power is produced when the stone stops?
R = 157 W
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Prepared by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
6.25 When the 75 kW (100 hp) engine is developing its maximum power, a small
single-engine airplane with a mass of 700 kg gains altitude at a rate of 2.5 m/s (150 m/min). What
What fraction of the engine's power is being used to make the airplane ascend? (The rest
is used to overcome air resistance or is lost due to inefficiencies in the propeller and the engine
R = 0.23
6.26 Work like a horse. Imagine that you are working by lifting boxes of 30 kg a distance.
Vertical from 0.90 m above the ground to a truck. a) How many boxes would he have to load into the truck?
in 1 minute for its average power consumption spent on lifting the boxes to be 0.50
hp? b) And for what about 100 W? R = 84.6/min; 22.7/min
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES
6.28 Pull-ups. When doing a 'pull-up', a man lifts his body 0.40 m a) How much
work done per kilogram of body mass? b) The muscles involved in the
movement can generate approximately 70 J of work per kilogram of mass
muscular. If the man can barely perform a pull-up of 0.40 m, what percentage of the
Does the mass of your body correspond to those muscles? (As a comparison, the total percentage of
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Prepared by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
6.30 The space shuttle Endeavour, with a mass of 86,400 kg, is in circular orbit
with a radius of 6.66 x 106around the Earth, taking 90.1 minutes to complete an orbit.
On a repair mission, the ship carefully approaches 1.00 m every 3.00 s to a
faulty satellite. Calculate the kinetic energy of the Endeavour a) relative to the Earth; b) relative
to the satellite. R = a) 2.59 x 1012J b) 4.80 x 103J
A package weighing 5.00 kg descends 1.50 m sliding down a long inclined ramp at 12.0º.
below the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the package and the ramp is 0.310.
Calculate the work done on the package by a) friction, b) gravity, c) the force
normal. d) all the forces (the total work on the package). e) If the package has a
speed of 2.20 m/s at the top of the ramp. What speed does it have after descending?
sliding 1.50 m? R = a) -22.3 J b) 15.3 J c) cero d) -7.0 J e) 1.4 m/s
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Prepared by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
constant of 600 N. The speed of the professor at the base of the ramp is 2.00 m/s Use the
work-energy theorem to calculate its final speed. R = 3.17 m/s
6.35 Consider the system in the figure. The rope and the
the pulley has negligible masses, and the pulley does not have
friction. Between the 8.00 kg block and the table, the
the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.250. The block is
release from rest. Use energy methods to calculate
the speed of the 6.00 kg block after descending
1.50 m. R = 2.90 m/s
6.36 Consider the system in the figure. The rope and the pulley have negligible masses, and the
The pulley has no friction. The 6.00 kg block initially moves downward, and the 8.00 ...
kg moves to the right both at a speed of 0.900 m/s. The blocks stop after
move 2.00 m. Use the work-energy theorem to calculate the coefficient of friction
kinetics between the 8.00 kg block and the table. R = 0.79
6.37 Rescue. Imagine that a friend (mass 65 kg) is standing in the middle of a pond.
Frozen. There is very little friction between his feet and the ice, so he cannot walk.
Fortunately, you have a light rope tied to your waist and you are on the shore holding
the other end. You pull the rope for 3.00 s and accelerate your friend from rest
until reaching a speed of 6.00 m/s while you remain at rest. What power
Does the media provide the force that was applied? R = 390 W
A pump is required to lift 800 kg of water per minute from the bottom of a
Well of 14.0 m, expelling it at a speed of 18.0 m/s. a) How much work will be done?
per minute to raise the water? b) And to impart the kinetic energy it has upon leaving?
c) What power does the pump develop? R = a) 1.10 x 105 J b) 1.30 x 105 c) 3.99 W
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Prepared by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
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Prepared by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
7.1 What potential energy does an 800 kg elevator have at the top of the tower?
Latin American, 440 m above street level? Assume that the potential energy at street level
it is zero. R = 3.45 MJ
A ball is thrown from the rooftop of a 22.0 m high building with an initial velocity of
magnitude 12.0 m/s and at an angle of 53.1º above the horizontal. a) What speed does it have?
ball just before hitting the ground? Use energy methods and neglect air resistance.
air. b) Repeat but with the initial speed at 53.1º below the horizontal. c) If it is included the
Effect of air resistance, in which part (a) or (b) is a greater speed achieved?
R = a) 24 m/s b) 24 m/s
7.4An empty box slides down a ramp with initial speed voreaching the bottom
with speed and kinetic energy K. Some books are placed in the box, such that the mass
total is quadrupled. The coefficient of kinetic friction is constant and the air resistance
insignificant. With the sameoAt the top of the ramp, what speed and kinetic energy would it have?
now the box when it reaches the bottom? Explain your reasoning
7.6 Imagine that you are testing a new roller coaster with an empty cart weighing 120.0 kg.
A part of the track is a vertical loop with a radius of 12.0 m. At the nadir of the loop (point A), the
The cart has a speed of 25.0 m/s, and at the zenith (point B), it is 8.0 m/s. How much work
Does friction occur when the cart rolls from point A to B? R = -5400 J
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Drafted by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
7.8 A force of 800 N stretches a certain spring a distance of 0.200 m. a) What energy
What potential does the spring have? b) And when is it compressed by 5.00 cm?
R = a) 80 J b) 5 J
A force of 720 N stretches a certain spring 0.150 m. What potential energy does it have?
spring when a mass of 60.0 kg hangs vertically from it? R = 36 J
7.10 A spring with negligible mass has a spring constant k = 1600 N/m. a) What
how much should it be compressed to store 3.20 J of potential energy? b) The spring is
Place it vertically with one end on the floor and drop a 1.20 kg book onto it.
from a height of 0.80 m. Determine the maximum distance the spring will compress.
R = a) 0.063 m b) 0.116 m
A 1.20 kg cheese is placed on a vertical spring with negligible and constant mass.
k = 1800 N/m that is compressed 15.0 cm. When the spring is released, what height does it reach?
the cheese on its original position? (The cheese and the spring are not connected) R = 1.7 m
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Prepared by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
R = - 0.30 m/s
7.15 Considering exercise 7.16 a) Just like the previous one, the slider is released from
rest stretched 0.100 m What speed does the slider have when it returns to x = 0? b) What
initial displacement must have the slider for its maximum speed in the movement
subsequent is 2.50 m/s? R = a) 0.50 m/s b) 0.500 m
7.16 Consider the same slider 7.16. The slider is released from rest with the spring
stretched 0.100 m, but now the rail is deactivated so that a kinetic friction force
act on the slider, a) If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the rail and the slider
is 0.050What speed does the slider have after traveling 0.020 m (x = 0.080 m)?
b) If 0.050What speed does the slider have when it has traveled 0.100 m (x = 0)? c)
What value should it have? What is needed for the slider to reach the position x = 0 with zero speed?
R = a) 0.27 m/s b) 0.39 m/s c) 0.13
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Prepared by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
7.18a) What speed does the elevator from the previous exercise have after going down 1.00
From point 1 of the figure, b) What acceleration does the elevator have when it is 1.00 m?
below point 1 of the figure? R = a) 23.6 m/s b) 69.2 m/s2
7.19 Imagine that they ask to design a spring that imparts a speed to a 1160 kg satellite.
of 2.50 m/s relative to a space transporter in orbit. The spring must impart to
satellite a maximum acceleration of 5.00g. The mass of the spring, the kinetic energy of
retrieval of the shuttle and the changes in gravitational potential energy will be
despicable. a) What constant force must the spring have? b) What distance must
Compress the spring? R = a) 4.46 x 105N/m b) 0.128 m
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES
Two blocks with different masses are connected to each end of a light rope.
what passes through a light frictionless pulley that is suspended from the ceiling. The blocks are
they release from rest and the heavier one begins to descend. Once this block has
descended 1.20 m, its speed is 3.00 m/s. If the total mass of the two blocks is 15.0
kg, What mass does each block have? R = 10.4 kg
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Prepared by: Mtra. Marissa C. Hernández Rodríguez
7.24 Ball bounce. A rubber ball weighing 6.50 g is dropped from a height of
2.50 m and in each bounce reaches 75% of the height it reached in the previous bounce. a)
Calculate the initial mechanical energy of the ball, immediately after being released from the
original height. b) How much mechanical energy does the ball lose on its first bounce? c) How much
Is mechanical energy lost during the second bounce? R = a) 15.9 J b) 4.0 J c) 3.0 J
7.26 Going up and down the hill. A 28 kg rock approaches the foot of a hill at a speed of
15 m/s. The slope of the hill has a constant angle of 40.0º above the horizontal. The
The coefficients of static and kinetic friction between the slope and the rock are 0.75 and 0.20,
respectively. a) Use the conservation of energy to obtain the maximum height above
the foot of the hill to which the rock will rise b) Will the rock remain at rest at that point more
Does it roll or will it slide down the slope? c) If the rock slides down, calculate its speed when
return to the foot of the hill.
R = a) 9.3 m b) 176 N c) 11.8 m/s
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How much will the stone compress the spring? c) Will the stone move again after having.
detained by the spring?
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