Environment Pollution

Environment Pollution : Man’s impact on the environment has resulted in

pollution of environment. Pollution affect not only air, water & land but also the

organisms in biosphere. The natural ecosystem has the capacity to

decompose dead organisms. When harmful substance contaminate the

environment in large quantities, the ecosystem is unable to absorb them &

they accumulate in the system resulting in degradation of environment.

Pollution can also cause death. Pollution has become pollution very acute

problem for all of us.

Project Report Effects of Environment Pollution on

Earth

In metropolitan cities, we find pollution in every hook & corner. It result in

adverse effect on the human being. Delhi comes on the second rank as far as

pollution is concerned. We should take steps to check it. In the diagram one

can see pollution driver is using the horn at the top most pitch. The vechial is

emitted smoke which is disturbing ailment on the other side one can see

trees. They have grown to absorb dust, smoke & other poisonous gases in the

atmosphere. The trees help us in saving our precious lives. We must check

the pollution by using horns at low pitch & smoke free petrol. It is the need of

us to plant more & more trees for absorbing the harmful gases. This will help

in controlling the pollution.

 WATER POLLUTION

Water pollution takes place when effluents from factories are lots in to the

river. Paper mills, sugar mill tannery lot in effluents in rivers or allow them to
stagnate on land. These effluents seep through or pollute under groundwater

effluents from large no of tanneries in North Ascot district in Tamil Nadu have

polluted well water in a large no of villages.

SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION

The most widespread source of water pollution is disposal of sewage of Urban
centers into rivers. The Ganga, Yammuna are polluted water affected organic
live river & water born diseases like typhoid affect human pollution.
The water drawing from the field is enter rivers & lake and pollutes them
enrichment of water by nutrient results in entrophozation of lakes this results
in excessive growth of algae & depletion of dissolved oxygen aquatic
organisms including fish cannot survive under such conditions.

Ocean water are polluted by discharge of sewage from cities located along
the coast, effluent from factories along the coast & discharge of sewage from
cities located along the coast & discharge from polluted rivers. Eutrophication
of coastal marshes & swamps also effect mariain life. In the open ocean oil
spills from tankers has adverse effect on Marian life. Such oil spills cause
pollution over wide areas owing to spread of oil by waves & currents.
Water is every thing for human being without water human being cannot
survive our is polluted in many ways.
E.g.:- The waste of material of factories when thrown to rivers pollutes water.
Some people use rivers to wash their cloths & to take bath.
Water is indispensable for our life. About 2/3of earth is water. No organisms
can survive with out water. So keeping water free from any pollutant is very
important. Water is said to be “polluted” when it is changed it is changed in its
quality & composition directly or indirectly by men activity so that it became
less stable for drinking, domestic or any other purpose. Polluted water
transmits a large no. of disease in man.
They are cholera, typhoid & other viral diseases.
Causes:- The river, pounds, lakes & seawater is polluted with verity of liquid &
solid wastes. These are due to population explosion, industrialisation & under
water atomic explosion.
Sewage from washing, kitchen, urine etc is thrown into rivers from cities
located on the bank. The water taken from such rivers for drinking purpose is
to chlorinate before it is used.

Minerals & organic wastes carried to lake, river & sea from agricultural fields
with nitrogen & phosphate fertilizer. The waste become deoxygenated & toxic,
so this cannot support aquatic life.
The large contributors to water pollution are no. of industrial wastes. Industrial
waste includes mercury from paper industry & combustion of forest fuels.
Lead is released from rock bearing metals. Copper & zinc are also released
as industrial wastes. They act as food contaminants.
Liquid radioactive waste released into sea from nuclear installations.
Radioactive tests are performed on high seas. The current of sea curry the
contaminates all over there by polluting the water. These molecules get into
aquatic animals. Fish consume these nuclear contaminates & them fish
cannot be consumed by man.

Control of water pollution

1. Rapid biodegradable substitutes for pesticides should be employed.

2. Restricted application of DDT for malaria control programmers.
3. Recycling of waste products as far as possible should be done.
4. Recently a national programmer is undertaken by central government to
clean the river Ganga & keep it pollution.
 LAND POLLUTION

The fourth kind of pollution is the Land pollution. As time changes the

population has increase. It has resulted in the over exploitation of the

resources. Land is one of the reasons, which is indiscriminately being erased

due to the increased population. A man who earlier didn’t know how to grow,

use to room place to place in search of food has now became the super

power. The land which used to serve him as a mother is now being polluted

by man him self. The various causes for the land pollution are: -

• New agricultural techniques: -

There was a high demand to increase the production. But it was impossible to

Stretch the land. The pressure on the land- went on increasing day by day.

There gave rise to the use of chemical fertility. This chemical fertilizer more or

less increases the production but in turn it gave rise to the land pollution can

be easily understood by an example. They’re chemical fertilizer alter the

chemistry of soil depending the upon its nature. E.g.:-

The use of sodium nitrate fertilizer in the same soil again increases alkalitrity

of the soil & makes it alkaline. It contains sodium ions & nitrate ions. Nitrate

part sodium ions goes on collecting in the soil of form sodium hydroxide,
NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is an alkali & makes the soil alkaline.

• Use of particles & polymer:-

The use of plastic & polymer has increased soil pollution. We use polybags &

plastics day by day life. Infact these products has become a part of our life.

But do we know that these products are polluting our land. These products are

known as biodegradable & can’t be reduced to simpler once. So their

excessive use in the life will produce land pollution because these products do
not become the part of our soil but remains in it forever & pollute the land.

• Industrial wastes:-

Industrial waste contains chemicals & these chemicals contribute a lot in the

land pollution. Infact it is a major factor promoting land pollution.

PROJECT REPORT ON AIR POLLUTION

The main reason of Air Pollution is burning of fossils fuels in large

quantities accent decades has resulted in gradual increase in carbon
dioxide content in the atmosphere. It is estimated that content of carbon
dioxide has increased by 25% during the last 100 years. Carbon dioxide
allows in solution to pass through but absorbs out going terrestrial radiation
increase of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has the effect of increasing the
temp of atmosphere. It is estimated that global main temp has increased bet
0.3 degree - 0.7 degree celsius in the last 100 years. Trees carbon dioxide
content in also attributed to large-scale deforestation. Trees absorb carbon
dioxide accumulated in the atmosphere.

Burning of coal & oil also add sulphur to the atmosphere. Lead, Co &
nitrogen oxide on adding to the atmosphere from automobile
exhaust. Inhalation of automobile exhaust causes nasal irritation & respiratory
diseases. These gases are also responsible for causing acid rain in industrial
region of Europe & North America. Acid rain affect aquatic ecosystem as
water. So polluted cannot support fish other life forms. Lakes in Sweden,
orway, Canada & U.S are effected by acidification. Acid rain also damages
forests to great extent. Growth of trees is affected. About ten million he
heacters of forests are damaged in Europe.

The ozone layer is affected by exhausts from jet aircraft. CFC (cloro fluro
carbon) is a stable compounds used in aerosol propellants in sprayers
refrigeration's & for depletion of ozone layer to the extent of 3%-4%. In the last
100 years the ozone in the higher atmosphere serves as shield protecting the
earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation enters the earth surface & may cause
skin cancer.
Gaseous effluents from factories pollute the atmosphere. Smoke, dust &
particles of carbon, lead etc enter the atmosphere on coal night when bag
occurs these particles remain suspended in the air. This condition is called
smog. The smog over London in 1952 resulted in the death of about 4000
persons by suffocation. Accident moving escape of poisonous gases from
industries cause illness & death. The escape of poisonous gas from pesticides
plant in Bhopal in 1984 resulted in the death of 1000 person. The accident at
ehernoply atomic power plant in the former soviet union in 1986 caused
intensive damage owing to leakage of radioactive material to the atmosphere.

Global Problem - Air Pollution

Air pollution is global significance unlike water or land pollution. Which
are of local or regional effects air pollution transfers the pollutants to
water & land or oceans as pollution result of rainfall Air pollution affects
plants & animals as well as human being. In urban environment, pollution
of air from automobiles exhausts is so high that people wear facemask to
protect themselves. The major component of the piosphere is air without
which no life can live, without air pure quality;here can be no healthy life.
Clean air is pollution rare thing now a day espeially in metropolitan cities. Air
pollution differs from industrid less perennial during working hours and they
can drift high or low & in any direction depending on the wind & weather. Air
pollution spreads & has wide impact than other form of pollution. If water is
polluted, one can avoid drinking or may drink it purification. But cannot avoid
breathing polluted air. This kind of air contain solid & liquid particles such as
dust, carbon, hydro-carbon etc which are elecrically charged & thus kept in
suspension by electrostatic forces. It may also contain gases, which are
poisonous in nature Sulphur dioxide, Co, nitrogen, hydrogen vaporous & other
substances this must harmful element in benzopyrene.

Air pollution may rise due to domestic fire, which is needed for cooking &
heating it is a weak & inevitable source of air pollution. Air pollution is caused
by vehicles & other combustion engine with constant increase in
transportation, the problem of air pollution have become very acute course we
have less vehicle then the west yet pollution level is almost the same. This is
mainly because of the poor maintenance of vehicles emmi9ting out poisnous
smoke & the absence of any effecting deterrent to play such vehicles on the
roads. Industry is also the main source & it covers all type of unit,which
consume energy in any form. It includes coal, oil, natural gas, electricity or
nuclear fission. Dark smoke of industries pollutes the air very much. Thermal
power plant also pollutes the air very much. This cause respiratory disease
like tubrculosis.
It is to be noted that air pollution adversely affects our health as well as
ecology. It is a reality that people living in polluted areas are suffering from
certain diseases i.e. lung cancer etc. than the people living in fresh air.

Important Keywards in Project : Project Report on Air Pollution, Air

Pollution Control, Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution

Noise Pollution

This project Report is about Noise Pollution. Like other pollutants noise lacks

visibility, seldom registering on the conscicouness except as a trifling irritant to

be dismissed at will and therefore less likely to be perceived as a threat.

Available data indicates that noise does pose a threat to health & is known to

have caused a no. of complication. Declining productivity among workers in

certain industries has been directly correlated with noise level, particularly

those under constant exposure to the menace.

IMPACT OF NOISE POLLUTION ON HEALTH

The first ever survey of the impact of noise on health, conducted by the all -

Indian industries of medical science has established that noise not only
impairs the physical & physiological functioning of the human organisms but

also causes vomiting, pain, hypertension & a lot of other cardio-vascular

complaints. Experiments with animals elsewhere have shown that certain

intensities of noise causes convulsions & even death.

Besides affective health noise is also a significant factor in economic losses.

According to proofing glaring an international expert on sound, “The potential

cost of noise inducted hearing loss of industry is greater than for any

occupation disease.” In the United States alone noise reported causes losses

running into million of dollars daily affecting larger segments of population.

A study by postgraduate school of basic medical science, in moderns confirms

such conclusion. In 50% of industries it was found that workmen exposed to

higher intensities of noise in occupation capacities were often irritated, short-

tempered & impatient & more likely to resort to agitation & disrupt production.

This was true of unit in heavy irolustrial pockets in & around the 4 metropolitan

centers. Sound is measured in units called decibels (dB) in honour of

Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone. A higher dB indicates

to a higher level of sound on this scale a whisper is equal to 20dB, normal

speech ranges bet. 30dB-50dB, vehicle egine peak at 900dB while reviving

up. A jet engine roars 150dB. Uninterrupted exposure to noise above 80dB is

harmful. At 90dB the upper tolerance limit prescribe by International stander

union the effect become more pronounced 8 hours daily exposure causes life

long deafness. At 93dB, tolerance level drops to 4 hours & the 2 hours at

96dB.
Bibliography

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