International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology Volume 72 Issue 1, 56-63, January 2024

ISSN: 2231–5381 / [Link] © 2024 Seventh Sense Research Group®

Original Article

Developing Sound Intensity Measuring Meter to

Determine Noise Pollution Level Based on the Internet
of Things (IoT)
Endang Surahman1, Nana1*, Krisna Sujaya1, Cecep Muhamad Sidik2
1
Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Education and Teachers’ Training, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya,
Indonesia.
2
Department of Informatic, Faculty of Engineering, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author : nana@[Link]

Received: 06 September 2023 Revised: 02 December 2023 Accepted: 18 December 2023 Published: 07 January 2024

Abstract - The problem of noise pollution existing in the environment must be addressed immediately because it affects the
balance between humans and their environment. For this reason, it is necessary to measure sound intensity level. It used the
device, namely Sound Level Meter (SLM) with Deci Bel (dB) unit, which this device is only able to measure levels without
giving any notifications to communities. This study deployed Research and Development (R&D) method or research
intentionally, systematically, aiming/ directed to find, formulate, improve, develop, produce, and test the effectiveness of
certain products, models, methods/ strategies/ techniques, and procedures that are more eminent, newer, more effective,
more efficient, more productive, and more meaningful. The aim of innovation development is in terms of intensity measuring
meter based on IoT. The result showed that we succeeded in making a sound intensity measuring meter based on IoT. The
Arduino microcontroller was used as a controller of the device's working system. This device can be monitored remotely
using a smartphone in accordance with IoT basis. By using this device, the result is expected to determine the level of noise
pollution, which will later be taken into consideration for the health of the surrounding environment.
Keywords - Sound intensity meter, Air pollution, Internet of Things (IoT).

1. Introduction
Noise pollution is one of the environmental problems probably disturbs human comfort and hearing (Sani &
happening in urban areas (Gökrem & Altindaş, 2019). WHO Beauty, 2019). Many diseases and disorders result from
reported in 1988 and delivered by the Directorate General noise in terms of psychology, physiology, communication,
of CDC and EH, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia and hearing (Arbaiya et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2020). For
(1995), that 8 to 12 % of global citizens suffered from noise example, a sound that is too loud can make humans
effects in many ways, and this number was estimated to disturbed and unable to concentrate both in industrial and
increase in 2011 as many as 120 million (Ministerial residential areas (Ozer et al., 2009; Oyedepo & Saadu, 2009;
Regulation, Number 13). Based on the survey conducted by Sambas et al., 2022; Segura Garcia et al., 2017).
the Ministry of Health, which collaborated with the Faculty
of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, toward 20,000 people The problem of noise pollution in the environment must
in seven provinces, it was recorded that about 38 million be solved immediately since it affects the balance between
Indonesian citizens' hearings were disturbed. Besides, it was humans and the environment (Olayinka, 2012; Yilmaz &
about 16.8% of Indonesian citizens suffered from hearing Ozer, 2005; Marques & Pitarma, 2020). We need to measure
impairment in 1996 (Ministerial Regulation Number 13). sound intensity levels. Measuring noise pollution level is a
test to determine how much noise an activity. It uses a Sound
Although it is invisible, noise pollution becomes as Level Meter (SLM) with a Deci Bel (dB) unit that only
dangerous as other visible pollution. Urban planning that is measures the noise pollution level without giving any
irregular and does not pay more attention to the environment notifications to communities (Lu et al., 2019; Maisonneuve
will give more increasing noise pollution effects as the et al., 2010).
communities' activities and lifestyles increase (Kuncoro et
al., 2020; Warlina et al., 2023). Urban planning can decrease The limit of sound frequency able to be heard by human
noise pollution effects, but it needs further studies to give hearing is between 20 to 20,000 Hz. According to the
appropriate solutions (Listyarini et al., 2022; Dursun et al., Minister of Environment Number:
2006; Singh & Davar, 2004; Hiron et al., 2022). Kep.48/MENLH/XI/1996 on November 25, 1996, the
criteria of noise level limits for residential areas require the
The activities of communities probably result in noise maximum noise level outdoors as much as 55 dB. The noise
with different intensity levels (Monti et al., 2020; Alesheikh level limit occurs if the sound intensity exceeds 70 dB
& Omidvari, 2010; Joshi, 2017). A sound that is too high (Ministerial Regulation, 2013).

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([Link]

 Nana et al. / IJETT, 72(1), 56-63, 2024

The purpose of innovation development is in terms of therefore, to know the increase of device quality. The
sound intensity measuring meter based on the Internet of descriptive statistical analysis used a t-test as the following.
Things (IoT). Internet of Things (IoT) is a computation
𝐷−𝑑0
concept about daily objects connecting to the internet and 𝑡= ~ 𝑡(𝑛 − 1) 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐷 = 𝑋 − 𝑌
𝑠𝑑/√𝑛
being able to identify themselves to other devices. Based on
the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) method, the term Where:
IoT belongs to the communication method. However, it also D = mean of the difference between pretest
includes other sensory technologies and wireless or QR and posttest
(Quick Response) code technology. It is expected that this sd = deviation standard
device can determine noise pollution levels that will later n = subject in a sample
become a consideration for the health of the surrounding
environment. Besides, it also helps communities in Normalizing gain score is an analysis technique to
delivering information about noise levels in terms of know the level of increase in student learning outcome.
notification. As a result, an eco-friendly environment is Normalized gain score, as proposed by Meltzer (2002), can
created. This study aimed to develop a sound intensity be calculated using the following formula.
measuring meter to determine noise pollution levels in three
states, namely safe and noisy. It is planned to be applied in 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 − 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
< 𝑔 >=
surrounding areas. The ability of this device is to measure 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 − 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
sound intensity from 50 to 90 dB, displayed in terms of
Where g is normalized gain.
digital on LCD media.
Table 1. Score of development assessment
2. Methods Score Description
The study was research and development/R&D or
development research. It is simply defined as a research 4 Very precise/ appropriate/ complete/ good
method that intentionally, systematically aims/directed to
3 Precise/ appropriate/ complete/ good
find, formulate, improve, develop, produce, and test the
effectiveness of certain products, models, methods/ 2 Less precise/ appropriate/ complete/ good
strategies/ techniques, and procedures which are more
1 Not precise/ appropriate/ complete/ good
eminent, newer, more effective, more efficient, more
productive, and more meaningful. The procedure of this
study adopted the development of the 4-D model. The Table 2. Criteria for developing product appropriateness and
revision
development research included 4 steps, namely define,
Rating Appropriateness Product
design, develop, and disseminate. The instrument of data No
Scale Level Revision
collection was used for field testing. The procedures for this
No. need
study are displayed in Figure 1, and the score of the 1 80 – 100% Very appropriate
revision
development assessment can be displayed in Table 1.
No. need
2 66 – 79% Appropriate
Besides, the criteria for developing product revision
appropriateness and revision are presented in Table 2. The Need
3 56 – 65% Less appropriate
technique of descriptive statistical analysis was also revision
employed to process the data in terms of pretest and posttest, Need
4 0 – 55% Very inappropriate
so the level of developing product effectiveness was found, revision

1. Introductory study (Need 6. Testing Product 7. Revision

analysis) •Field Testing •Revision III
•Literature Study
•Field Survey

2. Planning 5. Revision
•Product Specification •Revision II Final Product
•Content structure

3. Validation 4. Testing Product

•Validation of initial product •Restricted test
•Revision I
Fig. 1 Development procedures

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In addition, the interpretation of the normalized gain Table 3. Interpretation of normalized gain score
score can be seen in Table 3. Score <g> Criteria
<g> ≥0.7 High
Based on Table 3, the sound intensity measuring tool is 0.7 > <g> ≥0.3 Medium
said to be effective for determining the level of internet- <g> <0.3 Low
based noise pollution (IoT) if the posttest and pretest results
obtain an n-gain score > 0.3 with medium or high criteria. Table 4. Specification of hardware
Name of
3. Results and Discussion No Specification
Component
3.1. System Development Method 1 Arduino Wemos mega 2655
3.1.1. Requirement Analysis 2 NodeMCU ESP -12e
Analysis is identified as elaborating an intact system
3 Wifi module ESP8266
into parts of its components, aiming to identify the need for
4 Sound sensor Robotdyn
hardware and software. The need analysis for the system
5 LCD Screen I2C 16x2
was conducted by analyzing the needs of inputs, outputs,
hardware, and software. 6 LED 3 amp
7 Beep Buzzer QQC Pas
The need for inputs was in terms of sound intensity and 8 Resistor Min 100 ohm
hardware input capacity data. The output was sound 9 Relay Dual channel
intensity with Deci Bel (dB) unit displayed in output devices 10 Smartphone All devices for Android
such as LCD, LED, and Beep buzzer. 11 Breadboard Standard
12 Cable Male to Male, Male to Female
3.1.2. Design
Design was started by drawing a scheme of the circuits Table 5. Specification of software
of the sound intensity measuring meter, as shown in Figure No Name of Component Specification
2. 1 Operation System Microsoft Windows 10
2 Programming Language C#
The initial step was a block diagram. In general, the
3 Data Basis MySQL (Php MyAdmin)
block diagram of device planning is displayed in Figure 3.
4 Tools Case IDE Arduino

Fig. 2 Scheme of circuit

Sound Sensor Arduino Module

LED LCD Beep Buzzer Smart Phone

Fig. 3 Block diagram of device planning

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Start

Souce Provide Sound

Read ADC convert ADC to sound intensity level

Arduino module Media output

Data Read

A notification appears

End

Fig. 4 Flowchart diagram

The next step was a flowchart, as displayed in Figure 4. 3.1.3. Building

• Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform The building step was to design and make a device. The
based on simple input/output (I/O) circuits and a device referred to the result of the design made. The steps in
development environment that implements a designing and making a device were the following.
processing language (Trisnawan et al., 2019). Arduino
can be used to develop standalone interactive objects or Input Device Connection
can be connected to software on a computer. • Prepare all input components needed regarding the
• LED or Light Emitting Diode is an electronic need analysis result of hardware.
component that can emit monochromatic light when a • Install Sound Sensor to Arduino. The sound sensor had
voltage is applied with a forward bias. 4 pins, namely Vcc, Gnd, A0, and D0 pins. The pins
• LCD is a type of display media that uses liquid crystals used and connected were only three, that are Vcc, Gnd,
as the main display. LCDs have been used in various and A0.
fields, for example, in electronic devices such as • Connect the A0 pin to the I/O pin on Arduino using a
televisions, calculators, or computer screens. jumper cable.
• Beep buzzer is an electronic component whose function • Connect the Vcc pin to the Vcc 5Volt pin on Arduino.
is to convert electrical vibrations into sound vibrations. • Connect the Gnd pin to the Gnd pin on Arduino.
Basically, the working principle of a buzzer is almost
the same as a loudspeaker, so the buzzer also consists Output Device Connection
of a coil that is attached to a diaphragm, and then the • Prepare all output components needed based on the
coil is electrified so that it becomes an electromagnet; hardware needs analysis result.
the coil will be attracted in or out, depending on the • Install LED feet on breadboard.
direction of the current and the polarity of the magnet, • Connect all LED anode feet to input pins on Arduino.
because the coil installed on the diaphragm, each • It was not allowed to connect LED anode feet using
movement of the coil will move the diaphragm back input pins on Arduino directly because it needs a
and forth, thereby creating air. medium in terms of resistor.

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• Connect LED cathode feet to ground pins on Arduino. 3.1.4. Coding

• Connect Beep buzzer components to Arduino through After conducting the design, the next step was coding.
the relay. This step describes the script made using PHP (Hypertext
• Install Beep buzzer components by connecting the red Preprocessor) programming language to make an Android
cable to the Vcc connector on the relay and then the application and C# programming language to make a script
black cable on the Beep buzzer to the ground connector uploaded to Arduino as its control function. There was a
on the relay. script of the connection process to the database, a script of
• Connect the relay to Arduino pins by connecting the the process of making the interface, and a script control
Vcc pin on the relay to the Vcc pin on Arduino. system.
• Connect ground pins on the relay to ground pins on 3.1.5. Integration
Arduino. The integration step was a step to integrate noise
• Connect LCD device to Arduino. LCD pins connected pollution measuring meters based on the IoT concept. The
to Arduino were Vcc, Gnd, sda, and scl pins. ioT concept refers to the device being connected directly to
• Connect the Vcc pin on the LCD to the Vcc 5Volt pin a smartphone through a WiFi connection. Besides, the SSID
on Arduino. and password of the WiFi being used were inputted into a
• Connect the ground pin on the LCD to the ground pin script control in Arduino. In addition, integrating the device
on the Arduino. into an application utilized the following script.
• Connect the sda pin on the LCD to the sda pin on the
Arduino. #define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
• Connect the scl pin on the LCD to the scl pin on the #include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
Arduino. char auth [] = "-ijI0QtpvYk3ofyXXdh4jct3OLMwhLEM";

Pairing Device 3.1.6. Implementation

The next step was pairing Arduino, nodeMCU, and This step was to implement the result of planning into
esp8266. The pairing process needed about 5 minutes, circuits and integrate it into the application made using PHP
depending on the condition of those devices. This step was programming language (PHP: Hypertext preprocessor) and
carried out manually by connecting three devices and C# programming language. The sound intensity measuring
configuring each button on those devices. The indicator that meter consists of various electronic components combined
the pairing process was successful was that three devices with a microcontroller, which can control a condition
turned on, as indicated by indicator lamps. automatically (See Figure 4 and Figure 5).

Fig. 5 Sound intensity measuring meter

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Fig. 6 Sound intensity measuring application

This sound intensity measuring application functions lists of testing are based on a process of adding output.
as an information receiver based on IoT. It will display a Testing describes the method used for testing, namely black
message when the sound intensity is high. Besides it also box testing. It was to find incorrect functions, interface
consists of a potentiometer that can display the real-time errors, and errors in data structure. Table 7 shows the testing
data of sound intensity (See Figure 6). Table 7 shows that in the testing process, on the sound
frequencies that appear, the program receives a response
3.1.7. Testing indicating a notification to the external device. Then, during
After the design and implementation steps, the next step the testing process, on a frequency that does not appear, the
was testing the system. It was conducted to clarify that all program rejects the response by indicating that the
sub-systems in the system worked well in accordance with notification is not [Link] 8 explains the external
the system maker's will, which finally would fulfill its users' component testing. In the testing process, there is sound
needs. The testing method was the Black-Box method. intensity information; it is hoped that the sound intensity
Black box testing was conducted on the software information will be displayed, and the test results show that
interface to show that functions of the system worked well, the sound intensity information is displayed, which means
dealing with the inputs being received well, the outputs that the program accepts it. In the testing process, there is no
being produced correctly as well, and integration from sound intensity information. It is expected that sound
external data working well. The plan of testing described intensity information will not be displayed, and the
which processes would be tested items in the device and tesresults show that sound intensity information is not
application had been finished. Table 6 shows that the item displayed, which means the program rejects this.

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Table 6. Testing plan

No. Processing data Testing conducted

1 Input component Observation of data input validation.

2 Output component Observation of data output validation.

3 Process component Observation of data processing.

4 Application menu Observation of application menu validation.

Table 7. Testing input component

Program
No Testing Process Expected Result Testing Result
Response
Frequency of sound that There are notifications to the Notifications are (✓) Received
1
appears. output device. displayed. ( ) Rejected
Frequency of sound that does There is no. notification to the Notifications are not ( ) Received
2
not appear. output device. displayed. (✓) Rejected

Table 8. Testing output component

Program
No Testing Process Expected Result Testing Result
Response
There is information on The information of sound The information of sound (✓) Received
1
sound intensity intensity is displayed. intensity is displayed. ( ) Rejected
There is no information on The information of sound The information of sound ( ) Received
2
sound intensity intensity is not displayed. intensity is not displayed. (✓) Rejected

Table 9. Testing process component

Program
No Testing Process Expected Result Testing Result
Response
(✓) Received
1 Upload source code Done uploading Done uploading
( ) Rejected

Table 10. Testing application menu

Program
No Testing Process Expected Result Testing Result
Response
(✓) Received
1 Widget menu Widget can be configured. It appears in the menu display.
( ) Rejected

Based on Table 9, the results show that in the process data logger concept will give noise pollution level data
of uploading the source code, the expected results are in within the specified time span, while the mapping concept
accordance with the results obtained, namely, the upload is will give mapping about locations where the device will be
complete and the program response is received. placed.
Based on Table 10 shows that in the widget menu, the 4. Conclusion
expected result of the widget can be configured, and it This research aims to develop a sound intensity
appears in the menu display; in this case, the program measuring tool to determine the level of noise pollution
response is received. based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Our finding shows the
study succeeded in making a device to measure the level of
3.1.8. Distribution
noise pollution based on IoT. Arduino Uno microcontroller
The last step of this system development method was
was used as a controller of the working system for the sound
distribution. This step could not be conducted thoroughly in
intensity measuring meter. This sound intensity measuring
connection to certain conditions and situations, so this step
level can be monitored remotely using a smartphone on
was only applied during testing time in designated places
regarding IoT basis. In future research, we will propose the
such as rice mills, railway stations, and so forth. Besides, the
capabilities of the existing IoT-based sound intensity
application can be downloaded from the Google Play Store.
measuring tool by integrating machine learning techniques
This study succeeded in making the sound intensity to classify and analyze noise patterns in real time. The study
measuring meter based on IoT. To fulfill the need of study aims to enhance the current system's ability to not only
referring to the research road map, the next step of research measure noise levels but also identify and categorize
is planning to add a data logger and mapping concept. The different types of noise sources.

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