MIZORAM COMBINED CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION

PRELIMINARY MOCK TEST : 2025

INDIAN HISTORY
Time Allowed: 2 hours Maximum Marks: 200

1. The Harappan or Indus Valley Civilisation flourished during the ________________ age.
a) Megalithic
b) Palaeolithic
c) Neolithic
d) Chalcolithic

2. The Indus or Harappan Civilisation is distinguished from the other contemporary civilisations by
its
a) proper town planning
b) underground drainage system
c) uniformity of weights and measures
d) large agricultural surplus

3. Two popular Assemblies of the Vedic period were

a) Sabha and Mahasabha
b) Mahasabha and Jansabha
c) Sabha and Samiti
d) Ur and Kula

4. Who among the following was the founder of the Nanda dynasty?
a) Mahapadma Nanda
b) Ashoka Nanda
c) Dhana Nanda
d) None of the above
Mahapadmananda (345 BC – 329 BC) was the founder of Nanda dynasty. Mahapadmananda was
also known as Ekarat and Sarvakshatrantaka.

5. The Jatakas are a collection of stories

a) Meant for children
b) Based on pet Hindu myths
c) About Jains saints
d) Pertaining to several different earlier births of the Buddha
Jataka, (Pali and Sanskrit: “Birth”) any of the extremely popular stories of former lives of
the Buddha, which are preserved in all branches of Buddhism.

6. The deep transforming effect that the Kalinga War had on Ashoka has been described in
a) Archaeological excavations

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 b) Rock edicts
c) Coins
d) Pillar edicts

7. The proud title of 'Vikramaditya' had been assumed by

a) Harsha
b) Chandragupta II
c) Kanishka
d) Samudragupta
"Vikramaditya" was a common title adopted by several Indian kings, and the Vikramaditya legends
may be embellished accounts of different kings (particularly Chandragupta II).

8. The name Buddha means

a) enlightened
b) learned
c) divine
d) sacred
The word Buddha means “enlightened.” The path to enlightenment is attained by utilizing morality,
meditation and wisdom

9. Outside India, Buddhism was first accepted in

a) China
b) Japan
c) Sri Lanka
d) Tibet
The first evidence of the religion spreading outside India coincides with Ashoka's rule as he sent
emissaries to Sri Lanka and an area called Suvarnabhumi, which could be in modern Myanmar or
Thailand. Ashoka's son, monk Mahinda, converted King Devanampiya Tissa and other nobility in
modern day Sri Lanka to Buddhism.

10. When Alexander invaded India, Magadha was being ruled by the
a) Haryankas
b) Sisunagas
c) Nandas
d) Mauryas
At the time when Alexander had come to invade India, the most powerful kingdom was Magadha,
under the rule of Nanda dynasty. This king maintained a huge force of 200,000 infantry, 80,000
cavalry, 8000 chariots and 6000 war elephants.

11. Kautilya (also known as Vishnugupta and Chanakya) is the author of Arthasastra which has
been compared with
a) Plato's State
b) Machiavelli's Prince
c) Karl Marx's Das Kapital
d) Hitler's Mein Kampf

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Arthashastra, the celebrated ancient Indian work on polity, and as the counselor of Chandragupta
Maurya, the founder of the Maurya empire. Kautilya's Arthashastra is often compared to
Machiavelli's Prince, with which it shares many common philosophical and practical views. In its
spirit of realpolitik and machtpolitik it reveals an altogether surprising aspect of the Indian
civilization.

12. The city of Pataliputra was founded at the junction of the Ganges/Ganga and the ______.
a) Son
b) Brahmaputra
c) Yamuna
d) Gomati
Confluence of the Ganga and Son rivers, the foundation of Pataliputra where it grew and flourished.

13. The ancient Chola kingdom existed in the delta of the river
a) Tungabhadra
b) Cauvery
c) Krishna
d) Godavari
The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India.
The Chola kingdom existed in the heartland of the fertile valley of the Cauvery river.

14. The rockcut temples of Mahabalipuram were built under the patronage of the
a) Chola Kings
b) Pallava Kings
c) Pandya Kings
d) Satavahana Kings
The rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram were built under the patronage of the Pallava kings in 7th
century AD.

15. The Pallava ruler who built the famous Kailash temple at Kanchi and the Shore temple at
Mahabalipuram was
a) Narsimhavarman II
b) Parmesvarvarman I
c) Mahendra Varman I
d) Narsimhavarman
Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram and the Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple at Kanchipuram are famous
temples that were constructed during the reign of Pallavas

16. The philosophy propounded in the Upanishads is known as

a) Advaita
b) Vedanta
c) Yoga
d) Samkhya

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The Upanishads are commonly referred to as Vedanta. The Upanishads alone are
widely known and among the most important literature in the history of Indian religions and
culture and their central ideas are at the spiritual core of Hindus.

17. Buddhism was divided into Mahayana and Hinayana during the reign of
a) Asoka
b) Kanishka
c) Menander
d) Harsha
Buddhism split up into the Hinayana and Mahayana sects at the Buddhist council held during the
reign of Kanishka in AD 78

18. Megasthanes visited India during the period of

a) Chandragupta II
b) Ashoka
c) Chandragupta Maurya
d) Harsha
Megasthenes visited India sometime between c. 302 and 288 BCE, during the reign of
Chandragupta Maurya. The exact dates of his visit to India, and the duration of his stay in India are
not certain.

19. Of the following who has been considered as a grammarian?

a) Kautilya
b) Megasthanes
c) Patanjali
d) Kanishka

20. Gandhara School of Art was deeply influenced by

a) Chinese (Mongolian) art
b) Hellenic art
c) Ranion (Persian) art
d) Local (Indian) art
Hellenistic art is the art of the Hellenistic period generally taken to begin with the death of
Alexander the Great in 323 BC

21. Milindapanho is a
a) History of a dynasty
b) Prakrit drama
c) Sanskrit play
d) Religious conversation
The Milindapanho is a Buddhist text containing the dialogues between King Milinda of Bactria and
the Buddhist Sage Nagasena.

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22. The greatest Kushana ruler whose contribution to Buddhism was even greater than that of
Ashoka, was
a) Kadphises
b) Kanishka I
c) Vasishka
d) Huvishka
Kanishka was the most powerful ruler of the Kushan Empire. His conquests and patronage
of Buddhism played an important role in the development of the Silk Road, and the transmission of
Mahayana Buddhism from Gandhara across the Karakoram range to China

23. Which of the following is one of the greatest classics of the Sangam literature?
a) Tikappiyam
b) Kural
c) Pattuppattu
d) Silapadikaram& Manimekalai

24. The Chinese traveller Fa-hien visited India and left a detailed account of the reign of
a) Samudragupta
b) Chandragupta II
c) Kumargupta I
d) Skandagupta
After completion of his journey, he went back to China on a merchant ship that he boarded from the
port of Tamralipti. While going back to China, he left a detailed account of the reign of
Chandragupta II

25. Harsha Charita the biography of Harsha, was written by

a) Banabhatta
b) Sudraka
c) Sri Harsha
d) Gunadhva
The Harshacharita (The deeds of Harsha), is the biography of Indian emperor Harsha by
Banabhatta,

26. The caves of Ajanta belongs to

a) Jains
b) Hindus
c) Buddhists
d) Sikhs

27. Where in India have traces of megalithic culture predominantly been found?
a) Southern India
b) North-eastern India
c) Central India
d) Northern India

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Megaliths are spread across the Indian subcontinent, though the bulk of them are found in
peninsular India

28. Which important industry show signs of having thrived in Lothal?

a) Pottery
b) Shipbuilding
c) Terracotta toys
d) Aircraft manufacture

29. Which of the following temples has acquired the name of the Black Pagoda?
a) Sun Temple
b) Lingaraj Temple
c) Bhuvaneshwari Temple
d) Jagannathdeva Temple
Konark Sun Temple is a 13th century temple of Odisha, built by Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern
Ganga Dynasty. It is also known as Black Pagoda.

30. By whom had the stupa at Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh been built?
a) Ashoka
b) Harshvardhan
c) Kanishka
d) Chandragupta
The Great Stupa (also called stupa no. 1) was originally built in the 3rd century bce by the
Mauryan emperor Ashoka and is believed to house ashes of the Buddha.

31. Todarmal is associated with the revenue system known as

a) Kankut
b) Ghalla Bakshi
c) Zabti or Zabt
d) Nasaq
Raja Todar Mal, as finance minister of Akbar, introduced a new system of revenue known as zabt
and a system of taxation called dahshala.

32. The Buddhist universities of Nalanda and Vikramshila in Bihar were destroyed during the
invasions of
a) Mahmud of Ghazni
b) Muhammad Ghori
c) Bakhtiyar Khalji
d) All Mardan Khalji
Nalanda and Vikramshila were the two most important centers of learning in India during the Pala
Empire. But in 1193 army led by the Turkish leader Bakhtiyar Khilji who was the general of
Qutubuddin Aibak destroyed them.

33. The first Sultan of Delhi to cross the Narmada and move to the south was
a) Iltutmish

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 b) Balban
c) Alauddin Khalji
d) Muhammad-bin-Tughluq
Alauddin Khilji was one of the powerful rulers of the Khiliji dynasty. He was the first sultan of Delhi
who conquered southern India along with Northern part of India. He sent his large army under his
able general, Malik Kafur to conquer the Southern part of India.

34. Timur invaded India and ordered a general massacre of the people of Delhi during the reign of
a) Nasir-ud-din Mahmud
b) Ghiyasuddin II
c) Abu Bakr
d) Alauddin Sikandar
In 1398, Timur invaded northern India, attacking the Delhi Sultanate ruled by Sultan Nasir-ud-Din
Mahmud Shah Tughluq of the Tughlaq dynasty. After crossing the Indus River on 30 September
1398, he sacked Tulamba and massacred its inhabitants. Then he advanced and captured Multan by
October.

35. The famous Mughal General who conquered Assam, Chittagong, etc. in the north-east was
a) Shaista Khan
b) Mir Jumla
c) Mirza Raja Jai Singh
d) Jaswant Singh
The famous Mughal General who conquered Assam, Chittagong, etc. in the north-east was Mir
Jumla.

36. The Mughal General, who decisively defeated Shivaji and forced him to conclude the Treaty of
Purandar, was
a) Shaista Khan
b) Mirza Raja Jai Singh
c) Prince Muazzam
d) Dilir Khan
Jai Singh was commander of the Mughal Army. He took away the Purandar fort from Shivaji and
forced him to sign "Treaty of Purandar" on June 11, 1665.

37. The founder of the independent state of Bengal was

a) Murshid Quli Khan
b) Alivardi Khan
c) Shuja-ud-Din
d) Sarfaraz Khan
Murshid Quli Khan was founder of the independent state of Bengal. Murshid Quli Khan, also known
as Mohammad Hadi and born as Surya Narayan Mishra , was the first Nawab of Bengal, serving
from 1717 to 1727.

38. Who Defeated Humayun in the Battle of Kannauj (1540) also constructed the Purana Qila of
New Delhi

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 a) Adil Shah
b) Malik Kafur
c) Bin-Kasim
d) Sher Shah Suri
Regardless, the army of Humayun was defeated and the kingdom of Agra was taken over by
Shershah Suri. He started the Suri dynasty in India and its capital was in Sasaram, modern-day
Bihar. He died five years after the battle of kannauj.

39. The medieval ruler who was the first to establish a ministry of agriculture was
a) Aladdin Khalji
b) Mohammad-bin Tughluq
c) Sher Shah
d) Akbar
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq set up a loan system for the benefit of famine struck peasants. He also
created Diwan-i-Kohi, the department of Agriculture.

40. Who was the famous Deccan Hindu king whose fleet crossed the Bay of Bengal with an army
and conquered a number of states in Sumatra, Java and Malaysia?
a) Rajendra Chola
b) Rajaraja I
c) Pulakesin
d) Mahipala II
Rajaraja's son Rajendra Chola I raided the Ganga valley, Sri Lanka and regions of Southeast Asia
such as Sumatra, Java, and Malaysia developing a navy for these expeditions.

41. The Mughal queen, whose name was inscribed on the coins and on all royal farmans as well as
attached to the imperial signature was
a) Jodha Bai
b) Nur Jahan
c) Mumtaz Mahal
d) Ladli Begum
In 1611, Jahangir married Mehrunnisa who was known as Nur Jahan (Light of World).

42. Harihara and Bukka, the founders of the empire of Vijayanagar, named their dynasty as
a) Sangama
b) Saluva
c) Tuluva
d) Aravidu
The Sangama dynasty was founded by Harihara and Bukka. Their father had been taken as prisoner
in 1327 by Muhammad bin Tughluq. They founded the Vijayanagara empire in 1336.

43. Babar's autobiography, called Tuzuk-i-Baburi or Baburnaman, which is reckoned among "the
most enthralling and romantic works in the literature of all times" is written in
a) Arabic
b) Persian

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 c) Turkish
d) Urdu

44. The longest road built by Sher Shah, known as Sadak-I-Azam (currently known as GT Road or
Sher Shah Suri Road) ran from the Indus in the North-West to
a) Calcutta
b) Dacca
c) Malda
d) Sonargaon

45. The Portuguese under the leadership of Vasco da Gama in 1498 first landed at
a) Cochin
b) Calicut
c) Quilon
d) Pulicut
On 20th May 1498, two years after he set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, Vasco da Gama arrived on the
Western sea coast of India at Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala. This was the first time that a European
had arrived in India via the sea. Thus, da Gama is credited with the discovery of the sea route to
India.

46. When Chittor was captured by Akbar (1568), the Rana of Mewar was
a) Rana Udai Singh
b) Rana Pratap
c) Rana Kumbha
d) Rana Amar Singh
When Chittor was captured by Akbar (1568), the Rana of Mewar was Rana Udai Singh.

47. An ambassador of the British King James I, who secured favourable privileges for the East India
Company from Emperor Jahangir, was
a) Hawkins
b) Henry Middleton
c) Thomas Roe
d) Josiah Child
Thomas Roe went to the court of Emperor Jahangir as an ambassador of James I.

48. Who was the first Sultan of Delhi to issue regular currency and to declare Delhi as the capital of
his empire?
a) Balban
b) Aram Shah
c) Nasiruddin Mahmood
d) Iltutmish
Iltutmish was the first Sultan of Delhi to issue regular currency and declare Delhi as the capital of
his empire. He was the third ruler of Delhi Sultanate which was related to the Mamluk Dynasty.

49. Vijayanagar was founded on the southern bank of the river

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 a) Godavari
b) Krishna
c) Narmada
d) Tungabhadra
Vijayanagara (Translation:"City of Victory") was the capital city of the
historic Vijayanagara Empire. Located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River

50. The Jizya was

a) A customs duty
b) Tax on silk products
c) Poll-tax
d) Tax on salt
Jizyah, also spelled jizya, historically, a tax (the term is often incorrectly translated as a “head tax”
or “poll tax”) paid by non-Muslim populations to their Muslim rulers.

51. From the point of view of the Turkish rule, the most important contribution of IItutmish was
a) Establishment of dynastic rule
b) He was the first Muslim ruler in India to issue coins
c) He made Delhi the capital of the Sultanate
d) He organised the Iqta System
Iltutmish organised the Iqta system. He granted land to his army. These granted lands were known
as Iqta

52. Alauddin Khalji rigidly enforced 'market control' or economic regulations for
a) building up a large and contented army with small salaries
b) the general welfare of the people
c) both a) and b) above
d) curbing dishonest merchants and traders

53. The First Battle of Panipat (1526) was fought between

a) Babar and Daulat Khan
b) Babar and Ibrahim Lodi
c) Babar and Alam Khan
d) Babar and Rana Sanga
The First Battle of Panipat was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Empire,
which took place on 21 April 1526 in North India.

54. Alberuni came to India along with

a) Mahmud Ghazni
b) Muhammad-bin-Qasim
c) Muhammad Ghuri
d) Timur
Alberuni (Abu RayhamBeruni) was a persian scholar who came to India with Mahmud of Ghazni in
1017.

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55. The medieval Indian Muslim poet, historian and musician who called himself 'a parrot of India'
was
a) Mulla Daud
b) Malik Muhammad Jayasi
c) Tansen
d) Amir Khusrau
Amir Khusrau (1253-1325), the great poet, musician and disciple of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya,
gave a unique form to the Chishti sama' by introducing the qaul (Arabic word meaning “saying”), a
hymn sung at the opening or closing of qawwali. He often called himself a 'Parrot of India.

56. Who of the following Portuguese Viceroys in India captured Goa (1510) from the Adil Shahi
Sultan of Bijapur and made it the headquarters of the Portuguese government inn India?
a) Albuquerque
b) Almeida
c) Joao De Castro
d) Dom Luiz De Atayde
Hostilities were renewed when the Portuguese attempted to assassinate the Zamorin sometime
between 1515 and 1518. In 1510, Afonso de Albuquerque defeated the Bijapur sultan with the help
of the Hindu Vijayanagar empire, leading to the establishment of a permanent settlement in
Velha Goa (or Old Goa).

57. Which of the following statements correctly describes the real spirit of Din-i-illahi?
a) It was an attempt towards founding a universal religion
b) It possessed the excellence of all the existing creeds but defects of none
c) It was a concept of common citizenship of the people of common faith
d) None of these
It possessed the excellence of all the existing creeds but defects of none

58. Which art did Jahangir patronise in particular?

a) Architecture
b) Painting
c) Music
d) Sculpture
Painting art did Jahangir patronise in particular

59. Last British viceroy in India was

a) Lord Curzon
b) Lord Mountbatten
c) Lord Hardinge
d) Lord Wavell

60. Whom Jawaharlal Nehru called as Rani or Queen

a) Laxmibai
b) Gaidinliu

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 c) Chenamma
d) Hazrat Mahal

61. Santhal tribal revolt, also known as Hul, was led by

a) Sido & Kanhu
b) Birsa
c) Budho bhagat
d) Tana Bhagat

62. Naval mutiny started in

a) Kolkata
b) Madras
c) Mumbai
d) Delhi

63. Battle of Wandiwash fought in the year 1760 between

a) Dutch & Portuguese
b) British & French
c) French & Dutch
d) British & Portuguese

64. Who declared "Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it"?
a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
b) Bal Gangadhara Tilak
c) Lala Lajpat Rai
d) K.T Telang

65. Who of the following attended all the Three Round Table Conferences?
a) B. R. Ambedkar
b) M. M. Malavia
c) Vallabhbhai Patel
d) Gandhiji

66. Montagu who toured in India in 1918 was a

a) Member of Privy Council
b) Member of Viceroy's Council
c) Secretary of State for India
d) Viceroy of India

67. _________ is remembered as the 'Grand old man of India'

a) Ranade
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) Pulinbehari Sarkar
d) Amaresh Chakravarty

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68. Who is the author of Vande Mataram?
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Rabindranath Tagore
c) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
d) Sarat Chandra Chatterjee

69. Who started the first English newspaper in India?

a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
b) Raja Rammohan Roy
c) J. A. Hickey (James Augustus Hickey)
d) Lord William Bentinck

70. Which of the following Governor-General introduced the services of Railway and telegraph
systems?
a) Lord Cornwallis
b) Lord Dalhousie
c) Lord Wellesley
d) Lord Bentinck

71. Queen Victoria became the Empress of India according to the Act of
a) 1858
b) 1861
c) 1876
d) 1909

72. When Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated, who said, "None will believe that a man like this in
body and soul ever walked on this earth."?
a) Bertrand Russell
b) Leo Tolstoy
c) Albert Einstein
d) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

73. The Simon Commission was boycotted by Indians because

a) It sought to curb civil liberties of the Indians
b) It proposed to partition India
c) It was an all-white commission without Indian representation
d) It proposed measures to contain nationalism

74. Who was the first woman President of Congress?

a) Mrs. Annie Besant
b) Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
c) Mrs. Nelline Sengupta
d) Aruna Asaf Ali

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75. The Poona Pact (1932) was an agreement between
a) Nehru and Ambedkar
b) Gandhi and Ambedkar
c) Malaviya and Ambedkar
d) Gandhi and Nehru

76. By the Act of 1858, India was to be governed

a) By the company
b) In the name of the Crown
c) By a Board of Directors
d) In the name of Governor-General of India

77. The credit of discovering the sea route of India goes to the __________________:
a) English
b) Portuguese
c) Dutch
d) French

78. During the Indian Freedom Struggle, why did Rowlatt Act arouse popular indignation?
a) It curtailed the freedom of religion.
b) It suppressed the Indian traditional education.
c) It authorized the government to imprison people without trial
d) It curbed the trade union activities.

79. In which of the following places was the Ryotwari settlement introduced by
a) Uttar Pradesh and Punjab
b) North-West Provinces and Punjab
c) Madras and Bombay
d) Bengal and Bihar

80. Arrange the following in a chronological order:

i) Dandi March
ii) Simon Commission
iii) Poona Pact
iv) Gandhi Irwin Pact
a) i), ii), iii), iv)
b) iii), ii), i), iv)
c) ii), i), iv), iii)
d) iii), iv), ii), i)

81. Which of the following was the reason behind the suspension of Non-Cooperation Movement?
a) Chauri Chaura incident
b) Government accepted the demands of Indian leaders
c) Of repressive measures adopted by the government
d) None of these

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82. Autobiography written by Mahatma Gandhi was
a) Hind Swaraj
b) My struggle
c) My experiments with truth
d) Vande Mataram

83. Why Indian national leaders started Swadeshi movement in 1905

a) To end the British rule
b) To oppose the partition of Bengal
c) To promote indigenous industries
d) To boycott the British goods

84. When was the First Round Table Conference held?

a) 1933
b) 1931
c) 1930
d) 1903

85. Of the following who was not the leader of the Extremists?
a) Lokamanya Tilak
b) Aurobindo Ghose
c) Lala Lajpat Rai
d) Hume

86. Who said that the constant ‘drain of wealth’ from India was responsible for India’s economic
miseries?
a) BC Pal
b) BP Wadia
c) Dadabhai Naoroji
d) GS Arundale

87. The privileges of free trade granted to the English East India Company were confirmed in 1717
by Emperor
a) Bahadur Shah
b) Farrukh-Siyar
c) Muhammad Shah
d) Aurangzeb

88. The Cripps Mission visited India in the year

a) 1940
b) 1942
c) 1945
d) 1946

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89. Which was the first Act passed by the British Parliament to regulate the East India Company's
affairs in India?
a) Charter Act of 1813
b) Regulating Act of 1773
c) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
d) Government of India Act, 1858

90. The Revolt of 1857 started from which place?

a) Meerut
b) Delhi
c) Kanpur
d) Jhansi

91. Which Act ended the rule of the East India Company in India?
a) Regulating Act, 1773
b) Charter Act, 1833
c) Government of India Act, 1858
d) Indian Councils Act, 1861

92. Gandhiji started the weekly journal 'Harijan' to focus on:

a) Swadeshi
b) Economic issues
c) Upliftment of untouchables
d) Indian politics

93. Which newspaper was started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak?

a) Kesari
b) Hindustan Times
c) The Hindu
d) Indian Mirror

94. The Indian National Congress was founded in the year:

a) 1857
b) 1885
c) 1905
d) 1942

95. Who presided over the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress (1929)?
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Subhas Chandra Bose
d) Sardar Patel

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96. Which movement gave the call of "Do or Die"?
a) Non-Cooperation Movement
b) Quit India Movement
c) Civil Disobedience Movement
d) Swadeshi Movement

97. The 'Home Rule League' was started by:

a) Annie Besant and Tilak
b) Gandhi and Nehru
c) Subhas Bose and Nehru
d) Gokhale and Gandhi

98. Which Act is known as the 'Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms'?

a) Indian Councils Act, 1892
b) Indian Councils Act, 1909
c) Government of India Act, 1919
d) Government of India Act, 1935

99. Who founded the All India Muslim League?

a) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
b) Aga Khan
c) Syed Ahmad Khan
d) Nawab Salimullah

100. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were executed in the year:
a) 1929
b) 1930
c) 1931
d) 1932

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