Leadership (was not known in the English language until the first half of the 19th
century.)
● From Chapin’s (1924) : “a point of polarization for group cooperation”
● Ward’s (2009) : “the art of motivating a group of people to act towards
achieving a common goal”
● the ability to create an environment where everyone knows what contribution is
expected and feels totally committed to doing a great job.
● the influencing process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational
objectives through change.
● an essential skill for all successful managers to learn and practice regularly.
Leadership style is the combination of
traits, skills and behaviors that leaders use as
they interact with followers.
Autocratic leadership style:
● makes the decisions
● tells employees what to do
● closely supervises workers.
Democratic leadership style:
● encourages participation in decisions
● works with employees to determine what
to do
● does not closely supervise employees.
Laissez-Faire leadership style:
● a hands-off approach
● allow team members to make
● decisions and manage tasks with minimal guidance
Transactional Leadership:
● use a system of rewards and punishments to motivate and manage their
teams.
● They focus on task completion and adhering to established procedures.
Transformational Leadership:
inspire and motivate their team by :
● setting a compelling vision
● fostering innovation
● promoting personal growth and development.
Importance of Leadership
● Initiates action
● Motivation
● Providing guidance
● Creating confidence
● Building morale
● Builds work environment
● Co-ordination
Leader The one who inspires people do what one wants them to do.
Inspires a follower. Develops the follower. Shows how to do the job.
Accomplishes work . Assumes obligations
Overcome various obstacles in attaining the goal.
True leader
● would be able to guide others either by (doing something himself or by
directing a specific course of action.)
● believes in performance rather than experience.
● able to create an image of a role model.
Types
● Political -Representatives of party, Governments etc.
● Military - General, Major, Colonel, etc.
● Social - Leaders of reform, Activists, etc.
● Cultural - Artists, Musicians, Philosophers, etc.
● Economic - Leaders of Industry, etc.
● Religious - High Priests, Popes, etc.
Qualities
● Physical appearance- have a pleasing appearance. Physique and health
are very important
● Vision and foresight- he is forward looking. He has to visualize situations
and thereby has to frame logical programmes.
● Intelligence- intelligent enough to examine problems and difficult situations.
● Communicative skills- communicate the policies and procedures
(clearly,precisely and effectively.)
● Objective- have a fair outlook free from bias and should
develop his own opinion and should base his judgment on facts and logic.
● Knowledge of work- should be knowing the nature of work of his
subordinates
● Sense of responsibility- must have a sense of responsibility towards
organizational goals because, only then can he get the maximum of
capabilities exploited in a real sense.
● Self-confidence and will-power- Confidence in himself and earn the
confidence of the subordinates.
● Humanist-This trait to be present in a leader is essential because he deals
with human beings and is in personal contact with them.
● Empathy- should understand the problems of employees and have a
complete view of the needs of the employees. (This helps in improving human
relations and personal contacts with the employees.)
Effective leaders are not simply born or made, they are born with some
leadership ability and develop it.
everyone has potential to lead
people will perform at about 60% of their potential
with no leadership at all. Therefore, an additional 40% may be realized if
effective leadership is available.