05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

Questions
[Link].TZ0.8
The complex numbers 𝑤 and 𝑧 satisfy the equations
𝑤
= 2i
𝑧

z∗ − 3𝑤 = 5 + 5i.

Find 𝑤 and 𝑧 in the form 𝑎 + 𝑏i where 𝑎, b ∈ 𝑍.

[Link].TZ1.2
This question asks you to explore cubic polynomials of the form 𝑥 - 𝑟𝑥2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ and corresponding cubic equations with one real root and two complex roots
of the form ( 𝑧 - 𝑟 ) ( 𝑧2 - 2𝑎𝑧 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 ) = 0 for 𝑧 ∈ ℂ.

In parts (a), (b) and (c), let 𝑟 = 1, 𝑎 = 4 and 𝑏 = 1.

Consider the equation 𝑧 - 1𝑧2 - 8𝑧 + 17 = 0 for 𝑧 ∈ ℂ.

Consider the function 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 1𝑥 2 - 8𝑥 + 17 for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ.

Consider the function 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 - 𝑟𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 for 𝑥 ∈ ℝ where 𝑟, 𝑎 ∈ ℝ and

𝑏 ∈ ℝ, 𝑏 > 0.

The equation 𝑧 - 𝑟𝑧2 - 2𝑎𝑧 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 0 for 𝑧 ∈ ℂ has roots 𝑟 and 𝑎 ± 𝑏i where 𝑟, 𝑎 ∈ ℝ

and 𝑏 ∈ ℝ, 𝑏 > 0.

On the Cartesian plane, the points C1 𝑎, √𝑔'𝑎 and C2 𝑎, - √𝑔'𝑎 represent the real and
imaginary parts of the complex roots of the equation 𝑧 - 𝑟𝑧2 - 2𝑎𝑧 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 0.

The following diagram shows a particular curve of the form 𝑦 = 𝑥 - 𝑟𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 16 and
the tangent to the curve at the point A𝑎, 80. The curve and the tangent both
intersect the 𝑥-axis at the point R-2, 0. The points C1 and C2 are also shown.

about:blank 1/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

Consider the curve 𝑦 = ( 𝑥 - 𝑟 ) ( 𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 ) for 𝑎 ≠ 𝑟, 𝑏 > 0. The points

A ( 𝑎, 𝑔 ( 𝑎 ) ) and R ( 𝑟, 0 ) are as defined in part (d)(ii). The curve has a point of
inflexion at point P.

Consider the special case where 𝑎 = 𝑟 and 𝑏 > 0.

a.i. Given that 1 and 4 + i are roots of the equation, write down the third root. [1]

[Link]. Verify that the mean of the two complex roots is 4. [1]

b. Show that the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 - 1 is tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 at the point A4, 3.

[4]

c.

Sketch the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) and the tangent to the curve at point A, clearly showing
where the tangent crosses the 𝑥-axis.

[2]

d.i. Show that 𝑔'𝑥 = 2𝑥 - 𝑟𝑥 - 𝑎 + 𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 . [2]

[Link].

Hence, or otherwise, prove that the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 at the point
A𝑎, 𝑔𝑎 intersects the 𝑥-axis at the point R𝑟, 0.

[6]

e.

Deduce from part (d)(i) that the complex roots of the equation
𝑧 - 𝑟𝑧2 - 2𝑎𝑧 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 0 can be expressed as 𝑎 ± i√𝑔'𝑎.

about:blank 2/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

[1]

f.i.

Use this diagram to determine the roots of the corresponding equation of the form
𝑧 - 𝑟𝑧2 - 2𝑎𝑧 + 𝑎2 + 16 = 0 for 𝑧 ∈ ℂ.

[4]

[Link]. State the coordinates of C2 . [1]

1
g.i. Show that the 𝑥-coordinate of P is 3 2𝑎 + 𝑟.

You are not required to demonstrate a change in concavity. [2]

[Link].

Hence describe numerically the horizontal position of point P relative to

the horizontal positions of the points R and A.

[1]

h.i. Sketch the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 - 𝑟𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 for 𝑎 = 𝑟 = 1 and 𝑏 = 2. [2]

[Link]. For 𝑎 = 𝑟 and 𝑏 > 0, state in terms of 𝑟, the coordinates of points P and A. [1]

[Link].TZ0.H_12
Let 𝜔 be one of the non-real solutions of the equation 𝑧3 = 1.

Consider the complex numbers 𝑝 = 1 − 3i and 𝑞 = 𝑥 + (2𝑥 + 1)i, where 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.

a. Determine the value of (i) 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 ; (ii) 1 + 𝜔* + (𝜔*)2 . [4]

b. Show that (𝜔 − 3𝜔2 )(𝜔2 − 3𝜔) = 13. [4]

c. Find the values of 𝑥 that satisfy the equation |𝑝| = |𝑞|. [5]

2
d. Solve the inequality Re⁡(𝑝𝑞) + 8 < ( Im⁡(𝑝𝑞) ) . [6]

[Link].TZ2.H_5
In the following Argand diagram the point A represents the complex number −1 + 4i and
the point B represents the complex number −3 + 0i. The shape of ABCD is a square.
Determine the complex numbers represented by the points C and D.

about:blank 3/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

[Link].TZ0.H_5
Consider the equation 𝑧4 = − 4, where 𝑧 ∈ 𝐶.

a. Solve the equation, giving the solutions in the form 𝑎 + i𝑏, where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅. [5]

b.

The solutions form the vertices of a polygon in the complex plane. Find the area of
the polygon.

[2]

[Link].TZ2.8
Consider 𝑧 = cos 𝜃 + i sin 𝜃 where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ, 𝑧 ≠ 1.
1+𝑧
Show that Re 1 - 𝑧 = 0.

[Link].TZ2.2
This question asks you to investigate and prove a geometric property involving
the roots of the equation 𝑧𝑛 = 1 where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ for integers 𝑛, where 𝑛 ≥ 2.

2πi
The roots of the equation 𝑧𝑛 = 1 where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ are 1, 𝜔, 𝜔2 , … , 𝜔𝑛 - 1 , where 𝜔 = e 𝑛 .
Each root can be represented by a point P0 , P1 , P2 , … , P𝑛 - 1 , respectively, on an
Argand diagram.

For example, the roots of the equation 𝑧2 = 1 where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ are 1 and 𝜔. On an

Argand diagram, the root 1 can be represented by a point P0 and the root 𝜔 can be
represented by a point P1 .

Consider the case where 𝑛 = 3.

The roots of the equation 𝑧3 = 1 where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ are 1, 𝜔 and 𝜔2 . On the following Argand
diagram, the points P0 , P1 and P2 lie on a circle of radius 1 unit with centre O ( 0, 0 ) .

about:blank 4/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

Line segments [P0 P1 ] and [P0 P2 ] are added to the Argand diagram in part (a) and are
shown on the following Argand diagram.

P0 P1 is the length of [P0 P1 ] and P0 P2 is the length of [P0 P2 ].

Consider the case where 𝑛 = 4.

The roots of the equation 𝑧4 = 1 where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ are 1, 𝜔, 𝜔2 and 𝜔3 .

On the following Argand diagram, the points P0 , P1 , P2 and P3 lie on a circle of radius 1
unit with centre O ( 0, 0 ) . [P0 P1 ], [P0 P2 ] and [P0 P3 ] are line segments.

about:blank 5/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

For the case where 𝑛 = 5, the equation 𝑧5 = 1 where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ has roots 1, 𝜔, 𝜔2 , 𝜔3 and
𝜔4 .

It can be shown that P0 P1 × P0 P2 × P0 P3 × P0 P4 = 5.

Now consider the general case for integer values of 𝑛, where 𝑛 ≥ 2.

The roots of the equation 𝑧𝑛 = 1 where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ are 1, 𝜔, 𝜔2 , … , 𝜔𝑛 - 1 . On an Argand

diagram, these roots can be represented by the points P0 , P1 , P2 , … , P𝑛 - 1
respectively where [P0 P1 ], [P0 P2 ], … , [P0 P𝑛 - 1 ] are line segments. The roots lie on a
circle of radius 1 unit with centre O ( 0, 0 ) .

P0 P1 can be expressed as |1 - 𝜔|.

Consider 𝑧𝑛 - 1 = ( 𝑧 - 1 ) ( 𝑧𝑛 - 1 + 𝑧𝑛 - 2 + … + 𝑧 + 1 ) where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ.

a.i. Show that ( 𝜔 - 1 ) ( 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 ) = 𝜔3 - 1. [2]

[Link]. Hence, deduce that 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 = 0. [2]

b. Show that P0 P1 × P0 P2 = 3. [3]

c. By factorizing 𝑧4 - 1, or otherwise, deduce that 𝜔3 + 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 = 0. [2]

d. Show that P0 P1 × P0 P2 × P0 P3 = 4. [4]

e. Suggest a value for P0 P1 × P0 P2 × … × P0 P𝑛 - 1 . [1]

f.i. Write down expressions for P0 P2 and P0 P3 in terms of 𝜔. [2]

[Link]. Hence, write down an expression for P0 P𝑛 - 1 in terms of 𝑛 and 𝜔. [1]

g.i.

Express 𝑧𝑛 - 1 + 𝑧𝑛 - 2 + … + 𝑧 + 1 as a product of linear factors over the set ℂ.

about:blank 6/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

[3]

[Link].

Hence, using the part (g)(i) and part (f) results, or otherwise, prove your suggested
result to part (e).

[4]

[Link].TZ0.H_4
2𝑧
Consider the equation 3 - 𝑧*
= i, where 𝑧 = 𝑥 + i𝑦 and 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ ℝ.

Find the value of 𝑥 and the value of 𝑦.

[Link].TZ0.12
Consider the equation 𝑧 - 13 = i, 𝑧 ∈ ℂ. The roots of this equation are 𝜔1 , 𝜔2 and 𝜔3 ,
where Im𝜔2 > 0 and Im𝜔3 < 0.

The roots 𝜔1 , 𝜔2 and 𝜔3 are represented by the points A, B and C respectively on

an Argand diagram.

Consider the equation 𝑧 - 13 = i𝑧3 , 𝑧 ∈ ℂ.

π
a.i. Verify that 𝜔1 = 1 + ei 6 is a root of this equation. [2]

[Link]. Find 𝜔2 and 𝜔3 , expressing these in the form 𝑎 + ei𝜃 , where 𝑎 ∈ ℝ and 𝜃 > 0.

[4]

b. Plot the points A, B and C on an Argand diagram. [4]

c. Find AC. [3]

1
d. By using de Moivre’s theorem, show that 𝛼 = π is a root of this equation.
i
1-e 6

[3]

e. Determine the value of Re𝛼. [6]

[Link].TZ2.12
In the following Argand diagram, the points Z1 , O and Z2 are the vertices of triangle Z1 OZ2
described anticlockwise.

about:blank 7/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

The point Z1 represents the complex number 𝑧1 = 𝑟1 ei𝛼 , where 𝑟1 > 0. The point Z2
represents the complex number 𝑧2 = 𝑟2 ei𝜃 , where 𝑟2 > 0.

Angles 𝛼, 𝜃 are measured anticlockwise from the positive direction of the real axis
such that 0 ≤ 𝛼, 𝜃 < 2𝜋 and 0 < 𝛼 - 𝜃 < 𝜋.

In parts (c), (d) and (e), consider the case where Z1 OZ2 is an equilateral triangle.

Let 𝑧1 and 𝑧2 be the distinct roots of the equation 𝑧2 + 𝑎𝑧 + 𝑏 = 0 where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ and

𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ.

a. Show that 𝑧1 𝑧2 ∗ = 𝑟1 𝑟2 ei𝛼 - 𝜃 where 𝑧2 ∗ is the complex conjugate of 𝑧2 . [2]

b. Given that Re𝑧1 𝑧2 ∗ = 0, show that Z1 OZ2 is a right-angled triangle. [2]

c.i. Express 𝑧1 in terms of 𝑧2 . [2]

[Link]. Hence show that 𝑧1 2 + 𝑧2 2 = 𝑧1 𝑧2 . [4]

d. Use the result from part (c)(ii) to show that 𝑎2 - 3𝑏 = 0. [5]

e. Consider the equation 𝑧2 + 𝑎𝑧 + 12 = 0, where 𝑧 ∈ ℂ and 𝑎 ∈ ℝ.

Given that 0 < 𝛼 - 𝜃 < 𝜋, deduce that only one equilateral triangle Z1 OZ2 can
be formed from the point O and the roots of this equation.

[3]

[Link].TZ1.9
Consider the complex numbers 𝑧1 = 1 + 𝑏i and 𝑧2 = 1 - 𝑏2 - 2𝑏i, where 𝑏 ∈ ℝ, 𝑏 ≠ 0.

a. Find an expression for 𝑧1 𝑧2 in terms of 𝑏. [3]

π
b. Hence, given that arg𝑧1 𝑧2 = 4 , find the value of 𝑏. [3]

about:blank 8/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

Markschemes
[Link].TZ0.8
substituting 𝑤 = 2i𝑧 into z∗ − 3𝑤 = 5 + 5i M1
z∗ − 6i𝑧 = 5 + 5i A1
let 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦i

comparing real and imaginary parts of ( 𝑥 − 𝑦i ) − 6i ( 𝑥 + 𝑦i ) = 5 + 5i M1

to obtain 𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 5 and −6𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5 A1
attempting to solve for 𝑥 and 𝑦) M1
𝑥 = − 1 and 𝑦 = 1 so 𝑧 = − 1 + i A1
hence 𝑤 = − 2 − 2i A1
[7 marks]

[Link].TZ1.2
a.i.

4-i A1

[1 mark]
[Link].
1
mean = 2 4 + i + 4 - i A1 =4 AG [1 mark]
b. METHOD 1 attempts product rule differentiation (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for attempting to express 𝑓𝑥 as 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥3 - 9𝑥2 + 25𝑥 - 17
𝑓'𝑥 = 𝑥 - 12𝑥 - 8 + 𝑥 2 - 8𝑥 + 17 𝑓'𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 - 18𝑥 + 25 A1 𝑓'4 = 1 A1
Note: Where 𝑓'𝑥 is correct, award A1 for solving 𝑓'𝑥 = 1 and obtaining 𝑥 = 4.
EITHER
𝑦 - 3 = 1𝑥 - 4 A1 𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑐 3 = 4+𝑐⇒ 𝑐= -1 A1
OR OR
states the gradient of 𝑦 = 𝑥 - 1 is also 1 and verifies that 4, 3 lies on the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 - 1
A1
so 𝑦 = 𝑥 - 1 is the tangent to the curve at A4, 3 AG
THEN

about:blank 9/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

Note: Award a maximum of (M0)A0A1A1 to a candidate who does not attempt to find
𝑓'𝑥.

METHOD 2 sets 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 1 to form 𝑥 - 1 = 𝑥 - 1𝑥 2 - 8𝑥 + 17 (M1)

EITHER
𝑥 - 1𝑥 2 - 8𝑥 + 16 = 0 𝑥 3 - 9𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 - 16 = 0 A1
attempts to solve a correct cubic equation (M1) 𝑥 - 1𝑥 - 42 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 1, 4
OR
recognises that 𝑥 ≠ 1 and forms 𝑥 2 - 8𝑥 + 17 = 1 𝑥 2 - 8𝑥 + 16 = 0 A1
attempts to solve a correct quadratic equation (M1) 𝑥 - 42 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 4
THEN
𝑥 = 4 is a double root R1 so 𝑦 = 𝑥 - 1 is the tangent to the curve at A4, 3 AG
Note: Candidates using this method are not required to verify that 𝑦 = 3.
[4 marks]
c.

a positive cubic with an 𝑥-intercept 𝑥 = 1, and a local maximum and local minimum in
the first quadrant both positioned to the left of A A1

Note: As the local minimum and point A are very close to each other, condone graphs
that seem to show these points coinciding.
For the point of tangency, accept labels such as A, 4, 3 or the point labelled from both
axes. Coordinates are not required.

about:blank 10/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

a correct sketch of the tangent passing through A and crossing the 𝑥-axis at the same
point 𝑥 = 1 as the curve A1
Note: Award A1A0 if both graphs cross the 𝑥-axis at distinctly different points.
[2 marks]
d.i. EITHER 𝑔'𝑥 = 𝑥 - 𝑟2𝑥 - 2𝑎 + 𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 (M1)A1
OR
𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 3 - 2𝑎 + 𝑟𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 2𝑎𝑟𝑥 - 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 𝑟 attempts to find 𝑔'𝑥 M1
𝑔'𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 - 22𝑎 + 𝑟𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 2𝑎𝑟 = 2𝑥 2 - 2𝑎 + 𝑟𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑟 + 𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 A1
= 2𝑥 2 - 𝑎𝑥 - 𝑟𝑥 + 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
THEN
𝑔'𝑥 = 2𝑥 - 𝑟𝑥 - 𝑎 + 𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 AG [2 marks]
[Link]. METHOD 1 𝑔𝑎 = 𝑏2 𝑎 - 𝑟 (A1) 𝑔'𝑎 = 𝑏2 (A1)
attempts to substitute their 𝑔𝑎 and 𝑔'𝑎 into 𝑦 - 𝑔𝑎 = 𝑔'𝑎𝑥 - 𝑎 M1 𝑦 - 𝑏2 𝑎 - 𝑟 = 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑎

𝑦 = 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑏2 𝑟 A1 sets 𝑦 = 0 so 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑟 = 0 M1
EITHER
𝑏 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑟 OR 𝑏 ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑟 R1 sets 𝑦 = 0 so -𝑏2 𝑎 - 𝑟 = 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑎 M1
OR
𝑏 > 0 OR 𝑏 ≠ 0 ⇒ - 𝑎 - 𝑟 = 𝑥 - 𝑎 R1 𝑥=𝑟 A1
THEN
so the tangent intersects the 𝑥-axis at the point R𝑟, 0 AG METHOD 2
𝑔'𝑎 = 𝑏2 (A1) 𝑔𝑎 = 𝑏2 𝑎 - 𝑟 (A1)
attempts to substitute their 𝑔𝑎 and 𝑔'𝑎 into 𝑦 = 𝑔'𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐 and attempts to find 𝑐 M1
𝑐 = - 𝑏2 𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑏2 𝑟 A1 sets 𝑦 = 0 so 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑟 = 0 M1
EITHER
𝑏 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑟 OR 𝑏 ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑟 R1 sets 𝑦 = 0 so 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑟 = 0 M1
OR
𝑏 > 0 OR 𝑏 ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 - 𝑟 = 0 R1 𝑥=𝑟 A1 METHOD 3 𝑔'𝑎 = 𝑏2 (A1)
the line through 𝑅𝑟, 0 parallel to the tangent at A has equation
𝑦 = 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑟 A1
sets 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑟 to form 𝑏2 𝑥 - 𝑟 = 𝑥 - 𝑟𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 M1
𝑏2 = 𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 , 𝑥 ≠ 𝑟 A1 𝑥 - 𝑎2 = 0 A1
since there is a double root 𝑥 = 𝑎, this parallel line through 𝑅𝑟, 0 is the required
tangent at A R1
about:blank 11/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

[6 marks]

e. EITHER 𝑔'𝑎 = 𝑏2 ⇒ 𝑏 = √𝑔'𝑎 (since 𝑏 > 0) R1

OR
Note: Accept 𝑏 = ± √𝑔'𝑎.

𝑎 ± 𝑏i=𝑎 ± i√𝑏2 and 𝑔'𝑎 = 𝑏2 R1

THEN
hence the complex roots can be expressed as 𝑎 ± i√𝑔'𝑎 AG [1 mark]
f.i. 𝑏 = 4 (seen anywhere) A1
EITHER
attempts to find the gradient of the tangent in terms of 𝑎 and equates to 16 (M1)

OR
substitutes 𝑟 = - 2, 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑦 = 80 to form 80 = 𝑎 - -2𝑎2 - 2𝑎2 + 𝑎2 + 16 (M1)
substitutes 𝑟 = - 2, 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑦 = 80 into 𝑦 = 16𝑥 - 𝑟 (M1)
OR THEN
80
𝑎+2
= 16 ⇒ 𝑎 = 3 roots are -2 (seen anywhere) and 3 ± 4i A1A1
Note: Award A1 for -2 and A1 for 3 ± 4i. Do not accept coordinates. [4 marks]
[Link]. 3, -4 A1 Note: Accept “𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = − 4”. [1 mark]
Do not award A1FT for ( 𝑎, − 4 ) .

g.i. 𝑔'𝑥 = 2𝑥 - 𝑟𝑥 - 𝑎 + 𝑥 2 - 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 attempts to find 𝑔 '' 𝑥 M1

𝑔 '' 𝑥 = 2𝑥 - 𝑎 + 2𝑥 - 𝑟 + 2𝑥 - 2𝑎 = 6𝑥 - 2𝑟 - 4𝑎

sets 𝑔 '' 𝑥 = 0 and correctly solves for 𝑥 A1

for example, obtaining 𝑥 - 𝑟 + 2𝑥 - 𝑎 = 0 leading to 3𝑥 = 2𝑎 + 𝑟
1
so 𝑥 = 2𝑎 + 𝑟
3
AG
[2 marks]
Note: Do not award A1 if the answer does not lead to the AG.
[Link]. point P is
2
3
of the horizontal distance (way) from point R to point A A1

Note: Accept equivalent numerical statements or a clearly labelled diagram displaying

the numerical relationship.
Award A0 for non-numerical statements such as “P is between R and A, closer to A”.

[1 mark]

about:blank 12/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

h.i. 2
𝑦 = 𝑥 - 1𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 5 (A1)

a positive cubic with no stationary points and a non-stationary point of inflexion at

𝑥=1 A1

Note: Graphs may appear approximately linear. Award this A1 if a change of concavity
either side of 𝑥 = 1 is apparent.
Coordinates are not required and the 𝑦-intercept need not be indicated.

[2 marks]
[Link]. 𝑟, 0 A1 [1 mark]

[Link].TZ0.H_12
a.

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in
marking or structure.

(i) METHOD 1
1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 =
1 − 𝜔3
1−𝜔
=0 A1
as 𝜔 ≠ 1 R1
METHOD 2
solutions of 1 − 𝜔3 = 0 are 𝜔 = 1, 𝜔 =
−1 ± √3 i
2
A1
verification that the sum of these roots is 0 R1
about:blank 13/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

(ii) 2
1 + 𝜔* + (𝜔*) = 0 A2
[4 marks]
b. (𝜔 − 3𝜔2 )(𝜔2 − 3𝜔) = − 3𝜔4 + 10𝜔3 − 3𝜔2 M1A1 EITHER
= − 3𝜔2 (𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1) + 13𝜔3 M1 = − 3𝜔2 × 0 + 13 × 1 A1 OR
= − 3𝜔 + 10 − 3𝜔2 = − 3(𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1) + 13 M1 = − 3 × 0 + 13 A1 OR
substitution by 𝜔 =
−1 ± √3 i
in any form M1 numerical values of each term seen A1
2

THEN = 13 AG [4 marks]
c. |𝑝| = |𝑞| ⇒ √12 + 32 = √𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 + 1)2 (M1)(A1) 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 9 = 0 A1

(5𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 − 1) = 0 (M1) 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = − 5

9
A1 [5 marks]
d. 𝑝𝑞 = (1 − 3i) ( 𝑥 + (2𝑥 + 1)i ) = (7𝑥 + 3) + (1 − 𝑥)i M1A1
2
Re⁡(𝑝𝑞) + 8 < ( Im⁡(𝑝𝑞) ) ⇒ (7𝑥 + 3) + 8 < (1 − 𝑥)2 M1 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 10 > 0 A1
⇒ (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 10) > 0 M1 𝑥 < − 1, 𝑥 > 10 A1 [6 marks]

[Link].TZ2.H_5
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in
marking or structure.

C represents the complex number 1 − 2i A2

D represents the complex number 3 + 2i A2
[4 marks]

[Link].TZ0.H_5
a.

METHOD 1
|𝑧 | = 4√ 4 ( = √ 2 ) (A1)
arg ( 𝑧1 ) =
𝜋
4
(A1)
first solution is 1 + i A1
valid attempt to find all roots (De Moivre or +/− their components) (M1)
other solutions are −1 + i, −1 − i, 1 − i A1

about:blank 14/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

METHOD 2
𝑧4 = − 4
( 𝑎 + i𝑏 ) 4 = − 4

attempt to expand and equate both reals and imaginaries. (M1)

𝑎4 + 4𝑎3 𝑏i − 6𝑎2 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑏3 i + 𝑏4 = − 4

( 𝑎4 − 6𝑎4 + 𝑎4 = − 4 ⇒ ) 𝑎 = ± 1 and ( 4𝑎3 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑏3 = 0 ⇒ ) 𝑎 = ± 𝑏 (A1)

first solution is 1 + i A1
valid attempt to find all roots (De Moivre or +/− their components) (M1)
other solutions are −1 + i, −1 − i, 1 − i A1

[5 marks]
b. complete method to find area of ‘rectangle' (M1) =4 A1 [2 marks]

[Link].TZ2.8
1+𝑧 1 + cos 𝜃 + i sin 𝜃
1-𝑧
= 1 - cos 𝜃 - i sin 𝜃

attempt to use the complex conjugate of their denominator M1

=
1 + cos 𝜃 + i sin 𝜃1 - cos 𝜃 + i sin 𝜃
1 - cos 𝜃 - i sin 𝜃1 - cos 𝜃 + i sin 𝜃
A1
2 2
1+𝑧
Re 1 - 𝑧 =
1 - cos2 𝜃 - sin
2
1 - cos 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃
𝜃
=
1 - cos2 𝜃 - sin 𝜃
2 - 2 cos 𝜃
M1A1

Note: Award M1 for expanding the numerator and A1 for a correct numerator.
Condone either an incorrect denominator or the absence of a denominator.

using cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 = 1 to simplify the numerator (M1)

1+𝑧
Re 1 - 𝑧 = 0 AG

[5 marks]

[Link].TZ2.2
a.i.

METHOD 1
about:blank 15/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

attempts to expand ( 𝜔 - 1 ) ( 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 ) (M1)

= 𝜔3 + 𝜔2 + 𝜔 - 𝜔2 - 𝜔 - 1 A1
= 𝜔3 - 1 AG

METHOD 2
attempts polynomial division on
𝜔3 - 1
𝜔-1
M1
= 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 A1
so ( 𝜔 - 1 ) ( 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 ) = 𝜔3 - 1 AG

Note: In part (a), award marks as appropriate where 𝜔 has been converted
into Cartesian, modulus-argument (polar) or Euler form.

[2 marks]
[Link]. (since 𝜔 is a root of 𝑧3 = 1) ⇒ 𝜔3 - 1 = 0 R1 and 𝜔 ≠ 1 R1
⇒ 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 = 0 AG
Note: In part (a), award marks as appropriate where 𝜔 has been converted
into Cartesian, modulus-argument (polar) or Euler form.

[2 marks]
b. METHOD 1 attempts to find either P0 P1 or P0 P2 (M1)
accept any valid method
π 2π 1 P0 P1
e.g. 2 sin , 12 + 12 - 2 cos 3 , π = 2π from either ΔOP0 P1 or ΔOP0 P2
3 sin sin
6 3

e.g. use of Pythagoras’ theorem

2π
1 3
e.g. 1 - ei 3 , 1 - - 2 + √2 i by calculating the distance between 2 points

P0 P1 =√ 3 A1 P0 P2 =√ 3 A1

Note: Award a maximum of M1A1A0 for any decimal approximation seen in

the calculation of either P0 P1 or P0 P2 or both.

METHOD 2
so P0 P1 × P0 P2 = 3 AG
attempts to find P0 P1 × P0 P2 = 1 - 𝜔1 - 𝜔2 (M1)
about:blank 16/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test
3 2
P0 P1 × P0 P2 = 𝜔 - 𝜔 - 𝜔 + 1 A1
= 1 - 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 + 2 and since 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 = 0 R1 so P0 P1 × P0 P2 = 3 AG
[3 marks]
c. METHOD 1 𝑧4 − 1 = 𝑧 − 1𝑧3 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧 + 1 A1
(𝜔 is a root hence) 𝜔4 - 1 = 0 and 𝜔 ≠ 1 R1 ⇒ 𝜔3 + 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 = 0 AG
METHOD 2
Note: Condone the use of 𝜔 throughout.
considers the sum of roots of 𝑧4 - 1 = 0 (M1)
the sum of roots is zero (there is no 𝑧3 term) A1 ⇒ 𝜔3 + 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 = 0 AG
METHOD 3 substitutes for 𝜔 (M1) 3π
e.g. LHS = ei 2 + eπi + ei 2 + 1
π

= -i-1+i+1 A1

Note: This can be demonstrated geometrically or by using vectors. Accept Cartesian

or modulus-argument (polar) form.

⇒ 𝜔3 + 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 = 0 AG
METHOD 4 𝜔3 + 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 =
𝜔4 - 1
A1 =
0
𝜔-1
= 0 as 𝜔 ≠ 1 R1
𝜔-1

⇒ 𝜔3 + 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 = 0 AG [2 marks]
d. METHOD 1 P0 P2 = 2 A1 attempts to find either P0 P1 or P0 P3 (M1)
Note: For example P0P1=1 - i and P0P3=1 + i.
Various geometric and trigonometric approaches can be used by candidates.

P0 P1 =√ 2, P0 P3 =√ 2 A1A1

Note: Award a maximum of A1M1A1A0 if labels such as P0P1 are not clearly shown.
Award full marks if the lengths are shown on a clearly labelled diagram.
Award a maximum of A1M1A1A0 for any decimal approximation seen in the
calculation of either P0 P1 or P0 P3 or both.

METHOD 2
P0 P1 × P0 P2 × P0 P3 = 4 AG
attempts to find P0 P1 × P0 P2 × P0 P3 = 1 - 𝜔1 - 𝜔2 1 - 𝜔3 M1
P0 P1 × P0 P2 × P0 P3 = -𝜔6 + 𝜔5 + 𝜔4 - 𝜔2 - 𝜔 + 1 A1
= --1 + 𝜔5 + 1 - -1 - 𝜔 + 1 since 𝜔6 = 𝜔2 = - 1 and 𝜔4 = 1 A1
= 𝜔5 - 𝜔 + 4 and since 𝜔5 = 𝜔 R1 so P0 P1 × P0 P2 × P0 P3 = 4 AG
about:blank 17/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

METHOD 3 P0 P2 = 2 A1 attempts to find P0 P1 × P0 P3 = 1 - 𝜔1 - 𝜔3 M1

P0 P1 × P0 P3 = 𝜔4 - 𝜔3 - 𝜔 + 1 A1
= 2 - -𝜔 - 𝜔 since 𝜔4 = 1 and 𝜔3 = - 𝜔 R1
so P0 P1 × P0 P2 × P0 P3 = 4 AG [4 marks]
e. P0 P1 × P0 P2 × … × P0 P𝑛 - 1 = 𝑛 A1 [1 mark]
f.i. P0 P2 = 1 - 𝜔2 , P0 P3 = 1 - 𝜔3 A1A1 [2 marks]
[Link]. P0 P𝑛 - 1 = 1 - 𝜔𝑛 - 1 A1A1
Note: Accept 1 - 𝜔 from symmetry. [1 mark]
g.i. 𝑧𝑛 - 1 = 𝑧 - 1𝑧𝑛 - 1 + 𝑧𝑛 - 2 + … +𝑧+1

considers the equation 𝑧𝑛 - 1 + 𝑧𝑛 - 2 + … +𝑧+1=0 (M1)

the roots are 𝜔, 𝜔2 , … , 𝜔𝑛 - 1 (A1) so 𝑧 - 𝜔𝑧 - 𝜔2 … 𝑧 - 𝜔𝑛 - 1 A1

[3 marks]
[Link]. METHOD 1
substitutes 𝑧 = 1into 𝑧 - 𝜔𝑧 - 𝜔2 … 𝑧 - 𝜔𝑛 - 1 ≡ 𝑧𝑛 - 1 + 𝑧𝑛 - 2 + … +𝑧+1 M1
1 - 𝜔1 - 𝜔2 … 1 - 𝜔𝑛 - 1 = 𝑛 (A1) takes modulus of both sides M1
1 - 𝜔1 - 𝜔2 … 1 - 𝜔𝑛 - 1 = 𝑛 1 - 𝜔1 - 𝜔2 … 1 - 𝜔𝑛 - 1 = 𝑛 A1
so P0 P1 × P0 P2 × … × P0 P𝑛 - 1 = 𝑛 AG
Note: Award a maximum of M1A1FTM1A0 from part (e). METHOD 2
1 - 𝜔, 1 - 𝜔2 , … , 1 - 𝜔𝑛 - 1 are the roots of 1 - 𝑣𝑛 - 1 + 1 - 𝑣𝑛 - 2 + … + 1-𝑣+1 = 0
M1
coefficient of 𝑣𝑛 - 1 is -1𝑛 - 1 and the coefficient of 1 is 𝑛 A1
product of the roots is
-1𝑛 - 1 𝑛
𝑛-1 =𝑛 A1 1 - 𝜔1 - 𝜔2 … 1 - 𝜔𝑛 - 1 = 𝑛 A1
-1

so P0 P1 × P0 P2 × … × P0 P𝑛 - 1 = 𝑛 AG
[4 marks]

[Link].TZ0.H_4
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in
marking or structure.

substituting 𝑧 = 𝑥 + i𝑦 and 𝑧 * = 𝑥 - i𝑦 M1
2𝑥 + i𝑦
=i
3 - 𝑥 - i𝑦
about:blank 18/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

2𝑥 + 2i𝑦 = - 𝑦 + i3 - 𝑥

equate real and imaginary: M1

𝑦 = - 2𝑥 AND 2𝑦 = 3 - 𝑥 A1

Note: If they multiply top and bottom by the conjugate, the equations 6𝑥 - 2𝑥2 + 2𝑦2 = 0
and 6𝑦 - 4𝑥𝑦 = 3 - 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 may be seen. Allow for A1.

solving simultaneously:

𝑥 = - 1, 𝑦 = 2 𝑧 = - 1 + 2i A1A1

[5 marks]

[Link].TZ0.12
a.i.
π 3
1 + ei 6 - 1
π3
= ei 6 A1
A1
π
= ei 2
π π
= cos 2 + i sin 2

=i AG

Note: Candidates who solve the equation correctly can be awarded the above two
marks. The working for part (i) may be seen in part (ii).

[2 marks]
π
[Link]. (M1)
π 4πk
𝑧 - 13 = ei 2 + 2πk 𝑧 - 1 = ei 6 + 6 (M1)
𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝜔 2 = 1 + ei 6
5π
A1 𝑘 = 2 ⇒ 𝜔 3 = 1 + ei 6
9π
A1 [4 marks]
b. EITHER
π 5π 9π
i i i
attempt to express e 6 , e 6 ,e 6 in Cartesian form and translate 1 unit in the positive
direction of the real axis (M1)
attempt to express 𝑤1 , 𝑤2 and 𝑤3 in Cartesian form (M1)
OR THEN
about:blank 19/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

Note: To award A marks, it is not necessary to see A, B or C, the 𝑤1, or the solid lines
A1A1A1 [4 marks]
c. valid attempt to find 𝜔1 - 𝜔3 or 𝜔3 - 𝜔1 M1
3 1 √3 3 π π π
𝜔1 - 𝜔3 = 1 + √2 + 2 i - 1 - i = + 2 i OR cos 6 + i sin 6 + i sin 2
2

valid attempt to find √3 3

+ 2i M1 3
= √4 + 4
9 AC = √ 3 A1
2

[3 marks]
d. METHOD 1 𝑧 - 13 = i𝑧3 ⇒
𝑧 - 13
=i M1 𝑧 - 13 π
= ei 2 A1
𝑧 𝑧

A1
π
𝛼-1
= ei 6
𝛼

Note: This step to change from 𝑧 to 𝛼 may occur at any point in MS. 𝛼 - 1 = 𝛼ei 6
π

𝛼 - 𝛼ei 6 = 1
π π
𝛼1 - ei 6 = 1 𝛼=
1
i
π AG METHOD 2
1-e 6

𝑧 - 13
M1 13
A1
π
𝑧 - 13 = i𝑧3 ⇒ =i 1- = ei 2
𝑧 𝑧

A1
π
1
1 - 𝑧 = ei 6

Note: This step to change from 𝑧 to 𝛼 may occur at any point in MS. π
1 - ei 6 =
1
𝛼

about:blank 20/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

𝛼=
1
i
π AG METHOD 3 LHS = 𝑧 - 13 =
1
-1
3
e
i
π
6
3
1-e 6
1-e
i
π
6 = i
π
1-e 6

=
i
π3
= 5 3√3
i
3 3 5
M1A1
1-e
i
6 - +i √ -
2 2 2 2

Note: Award M1 for applying de Moivre’s theorem (may be seen in modulus- argument
form.)

=
i
π3
A1 𝑧 - 13 = i𝑧3 AG
1 3 i
RHS = i𝑧 = i 3 1-e 6
π
i
1-e 6

METHOD 4 𝑧 - 13 = i𝑧3 𝑧3 - 3𝑧2 + 3𝑧 - 1 = i𝑧3 1 - i𝑧3 - 3𝑧2 + 3𝑧 - 1 = 0 (M1)

3 2 π2 π3
(A1)
1 1 1 π
1-i i
π -3 i
π +3 i
π -1 = 1 - i - 31 - ei 6 + 31 - ei 6 - 1 - ei 6
1-e 6 1-e 6 1-e 6

π
= 1 - i - 31 - ei 6 + 31 - 2ei 6 + ei 3 - 1 - 3ei 6 + 3ei 3 - ei 2
π π π π π
A1 =0 AG

Note: If the candidate does not interpret their conclusion, award (M1)(A1)A0 as
appropriate.

[3 marks]
e. METHOD 1 1
i6
π = π
1
π M1 =
2
2 - √3 - i
A1
1-e 1 - cos + i sin
6 6

attempt to use conjugate to rationalise M1 =

4 - 2√3 + 2i
2 A1
2 - √3 + 1

=
4 - 2√3 + 2i
8 - 4√3
A1 =
1
2
+ 4-2
1
√3
i ⇒ Re𝛼=
1
2
A1

Note: Their final imaginary part does not have to be correct in order for the final three
A marks to be awarded
METHOD 2 1
i6
π = π
1
π M1
1-e 1 - cos + i sin
6 6

attempt to use conjugate to rationalise M1

π π π π
= π
1
π
×
1 - cos 6 + i sin 6
π
1 - cos + i sin
π A1 =
1 - cos 6 + i sin 6
π2 2π
A1
1 - cos - i sin 6 6 1 - cos + sin
6 6 6 6

π π π π π
A1
1 - cos + i sin 1 - cos + i sin 1 i sin
6 6 6 6 6
= π π π = π = + π
1 - 2 cos + cos2 + sin2 2 - 2 cos 2 2 - 2 cos
6 6 6 6 6

⇒ Re𝛼=
1
2
A1

Note: Their final imaginary part does not have to be correct in order for the final
three A marks to be awarded
about:blank 21/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test

METHOD 3
π
-i 12
attempt to multiply through by -
e
-i
π M1
e 12

M1
π
-i 12
attempting to re-write in r-cis form
1
i
π = - i
π
e
-i
π A1
1-e 6 e 12 -e 12

π π π π
A1
cos-
+ i sin- cos - i sin
= - π
12
π π
12
π
A1 = - 12
2i sin
π
12

cos + i sin - cos- 12 + i sin- 12 12

12 12

=
1
- cot 12
2 2i
1 π
=
1
2
1
+ 2 i cot 12
π
⇒ Re𝛼=
1
2
A1 METHOD 4
π π
-i -i
attempt to multiply through by
1-e
-i 6
6
π M1 1
π
i6
=
1-e
π
-i 6
6
π
i6
A1
1-e 1-e 1-e -e +1

attempting to re-write in r-cis form M1 =

π
1 - cos 6 - i sin 6
π
π
A1
2 - 2 cos
6

attempt to re-write in Cartesian form M1 1-

√3 1
2 2
- i
2 - √3
2
1
= = + i 2 -2 3
2 - √3 2 - √3 √

⇒ Re𝛼= 2
1
A1

Note: Their final imaginary part does not have to be correct in order for the final A
mark to be awarded

[6 marks]

[Link].TZ2.12
a.

𝑧2 ∗ = 𝑟2 e-i𝜃 (A1)
𝑧1 𝑧2 ∗ = 𝑟1 ei𝛼 𝑟2 e-i𝜃 A1
𝑧1 𝑧2 ∗ = 𝑟1 𝑟2 ei𝛼 - 𝜃 AG

Note: Accept working in modulus-argument form

[2 marks]
b. Re𝑧1 𝑧2 ∗ = 𝑟1 𝑟2 cos𝛼 - 𝜃 =0 A1 𝛼 - 𝜃 = arcos 0 𝑟1 , 𝑟2 > 0

𝛼-𝜃 =
π
2
(as 0 < 𝛼 - 𝜃 < π) A1 so Z1 OZ2 is a right-angled triangle AG
[2 marks]
c.i. EITHER 𝑧1
=
𝑟1 i𝛼 - 𝜃
e
π
= ei 3 (since 𝑟1 = 𝑟2 ) (M1)
𝑧2 𝑟2
OR
about:blank 22/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test
π π π
𝑧1 = 𝑟2 𝑒𝑖𝜃 + 3 = 𝑟2 ei𝜃 e i
3 (M1) 𝑧 1 = 𝑧 2 ei 3 A1
THEN
Note: Accept working in either modulus-argument form to obtain 𝑧1 = 𝑧2cos π3 + i π
sin 3
1 3
or in Cartesian form to obtain 𝑧1 = 𝑧2 + √ i.
2 2

[2 marks]

M1
π
[Link]. substitutes 𝑧1 = 𝑧2 ei 3 into 𝑧1 2 + 𝑧2 2

𝑧1 2 + 𝑧2 2 = 𝑧2 2 e
i
2π
3 + 𝑧2 2 = 𝑧2 2 e
i
2π
3 +1 A1 EITHER

A1 A1
2π π 2π 1 3
1 3
ei 3 + 1 = ei 3 𝑧2 2 ei 3 + 1 = 𝑧2 2 - 2 + √2 i + 1 = 𝑧2 2 2 + √2 i
OR
THEN 𝑧 1 2 + 𝑧 2 2 = 𝑧 2 2 ei 3
π π
= 𝑧2 𝑧2 ei 3 and 𝑧2 ei 3 = 𝑧1
π
A1
so 𝑧1 2 + 𝑧2 2 = 𝑧1 𝑧2 AG
Note: For candidates who2πwork on the LHS 2πand RHS separately to show π
equality, award
M1A1
2π
for 𝑧1 2 + 𝑧2 2 = 𝑧2 2 ei 3 + 𝑧2 2
π
= 𝑧2 2 ei 3 + 1, A1 for 𝑧1 𝑧2 = 𝑧2 2 ei 3 and A1 for
ei 3 + 1 = ei 3 . Accept working in either modulus-argument form or in Cartesian form.

[4 marks]
d. METHOD 1 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = - 𝑎 and 𝑧1 𝑧2 = 𝑏 (A1)
𝑎2 = 𝑧1 2 + 𝑧2 2 + 2𝑧1 𝑧2 A1 𝑎2 = 2𝑧1 𝑧2 + 𝑧1 𝑧2 = 3𝑧1 𝑧2 A1
substitutes 𝑏 = 𝑧1 𝑧2 into their expression M1
𝑎2 = 2𝑏 + 𝑏 OR 𝑎2 = 3𝑏 A1

Note: If 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = - 𝑎 is not clearly recognized, award maximum (A0)A1A1M1A0.

so 𝑎2 - 3𝑏 = 0 AG METHOD 2 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = - 𝑎 and 𝑧1 𝑧2 = 𝑏 (A1)

𝑧1 + 𝑧2 2 = 𝑧1 2 + 𝑧2 2 + 2𝑧1 𝑧2 A1 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 2 = 2𝑧1 𝑧2 + 𝑧1 𝑧2 = 3𝑧1 𝑧2 A1
substitutes 𝑏 = 𝑧1 𝑧2 and 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = - 𝑎 into their expression M1
𝑎2 = 2𝑏 + 𝑏 OR 𝑎2 = 3𝑏 A1

Note: If 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = - 𝑎 is not clearly recognized, award maximum (A0)A1A1M1A0.

[5 marks]
so 𝑎2 - 3𝑏 = 0 AG
e. 𝑎2 - 3 × 12 = 0 𝑎= ±6 ⇒ 𝑧2 ± 6𝑧 + 12 = 0 A1 for 𝑎 = - 6:

about:blank 23/24
05/11/2025, 06:39 QuestionBank Test
5π
𝑧1 = 3 + √ 3i, 𝑧2 = 3 - √ 3i and 𝛼 - 𝜃 = - which does not satisfy 0 < 𝛼 - 𝜃 < 𝜋
3
R1
for 𝑎 = 6: 𝑧1 = - 3 - √ 3i, 𝑧2 = - 3 + √ 3i and 𝛼 - 𝜃 =
π
3
A1
so (for 0 < 𝛼 - 𝜃 < 𝜋), only one equilateral triangle can be formed from point O and the
two roots of this equation AG
[3 marks]

[Link].TZ1.9
a.

𝑧1 𝑧2 = 1 + 𝑏i1 - 𝑏2 - 2𝑏i

= 1 - 𝑏2 - 2i2 𝑏2 + i-2𝑏 + 𝑏 - 𝑏3 M1
= 1 + 𝑏2 + i-𝑏 - 𝑏3 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for 1 + 𝑏2 and A1 for -𝑏i - 𝑏3i.

[3 marks]
b.
3
arg𝑧1 𝑧2 = arctan
-𝑏 - 𝑏
1+𝑏
2 =
π
4
(M1)

EITHER OR
arctan-𝑏 =
π
4
(since 1 + 𝑏 ≠ 0, for 𝑏 ∈ ℝ)
2
A1
-𝑏 - 𝑏3 = 1 + 𝑏2 (or equivalent) A1 𝑏 = -1 A1 [3 marks]
THEN

about:blank 24/24