Hino Samuel Jose
Dear delegates!
My name is Hino Samuel Jose, and is honored to be back at the circuit to empower the younger
generations! I worked with Coordinating Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Investment
Indonesia, Ministry of National Development Planning Indonesia, and engaged with the UN
system through my volunteering works at the Children and Youth Major Group to UNEP and
advocacy on environmental, human rights, digital governance, and youth issues since 2021!
Looking forward to meet all of you!
James Marcellin C. Tolosa
Hi, I am James from the Philippines! Since my debut in late 2017, I have broken my
promise to retire from MUN countless times. I am involved in environmental diplomacy,
believing in its potential to transform power structures that prioritize profit over life. I also see
its intersections with human rights – from my thesis on Fridays for Future's environmental
defenders for subaltern peoples to calls to settle losses & damages in the UNESCAP and LCOY
forums.
As we convene in GM MUN 2025, I expect to see solutions that apply intersectionality in
human rights. Intersectionality means two things. First, while everyone experiences injustices,
not all inequalities are experienced equally. A Palestinian man's plights in the situation in Gaza
would differ from that of a Jewish woman in the Auschwitz camps. Conversely, overlaps in
shared experiences would compel diverse sectors to collaborate for joint frameworks that
identify and uproot systems-based causes of human rights abuses.
Keeping that in mind, I am excited to impart insights from my hands-on experiences for
GM MUN 2025. Good luck, delegates!
1. The High Table (Introduction to The Council)
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) was established in 2006 by the
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) as the main intergovernmental body within the
United Nations (UN) focusing on human rights issues. The council is responsible for
strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights throughout the world. 1 in
accordance with paragraph 7 of the General Assembly Resolution 60/25, the membership of
the council is decided by a secret ballot from the majority members of the General Assembly
(GA). the council members consists of 47 member states from different regional groups; 7 from
Western European and other states, 13 from African States, 13 from Asia-Pacific States, 6 from
Eastern European States, and 8 from Latin American and Caribbean States. 2
The UNHRC addresses critical issues regarding international human rights, including
but not limited to systematic racism, digital rights, refugee protection, rights for children, and
minority rights. The council may address these issues through various means, such as
investigation, resolutions, and recommendations. The UNHRC also holds the Universal
Periodic Review (UPR) which calls for UN member states to undergo reviews of their human
rights records periodically of 4.5 years. 3
Within the UN there are several other UN bodies that focuses also on human rights such
as UN Women, UNICEF, and ILO, thus the delegates need to be aware on how this council
differs to other such councils. The UNHRC is an international governmental body, unlike the
Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) which is the secretariat office. Both
of these entities have similar part in protecting and upholding human rights, they differ in the
role, the UNHRC acquires support and technical support from OHCHR.4 the mandate of the
UNHRC are as follows; the right to discuss on humanitarian issues and country-specific
situations that calls for the attention of the council, responding to human rights emergencies,
gives recommendation on better human rights framework implementation, appoints special
mission-such as human rights experts and monitoring committees-to conduct to protect and
uphold human rights.
1
OHCHR, About Us (New York)
2
OHCHR, Membership and Presidency (New York)
3
OHCHR, Universal Periodic Review (New York, 2008)
4
OHCHR Seoul, What is UN, HRC, and OHCHR? (Seoul, 2018)
An important note to remember is the nature of the UNHRC itself, the Human Rights
Council is a non legally binding council, which means the UNHRC cannot force any other
entities to apply any sort of resolution and/or framework that has been made. Instead, the
UNHRC is able to recommend, urge, and provide certain assistance, conducting investigations,
establishing programs/initiatives, and creating campaigns. The UNHRC is also not limited to
only itself, hence, cooperation with other entities, including other UN bodies are highly
recommended. The most important part is that the periodic review can be urge by the UNHRC
to the member states.
1. Recycled Beginnings (Introduction to the Topic)
The Israel-Palestine conflict has been a focal point of international human rights
discussions, particularly within the framework of the United Nations Human Rights Council
(UNHRC). Since 2021, the situation has escalated, leading to what the world will see as a
significant human rights violations conducted by both parties. In the later years the war between
Israel and Hamas will be recorded in the history books as the worlds newly emerging massive
human rights violation.
In 2021, a notable spike in violence marked the beginning of a new chapter in the Israel-
Palestine conflict. The crisis was triggered by tensions surrounding the Sheikh Jarrah
neighborhood in East Jerusalem, where Palestinian families faced eviction. 5 Between May 10
and May 21, 2021, hostilities resulted in at least 256 Palestinian deaths, including 66 children,
and over 1,900 injuries. In Israel, 13 individuals were killed during this period. The violence
led to the displacement of approximately 72,000 Palestinians and highlighted the urgent need
for international intervention and accountability for human rights violations.6
As hostilities continued into 2022 and beyond, reports indicated that Israeli security
forces killed at least 161 Palestinians and injured over 10,298 individuals in the occupied
5
Patrick Kingsley, After Years of Quiet, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Exploded. Why Now? (New York :
The New York Times, 2021)
6
International Court of Justice, Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel
in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem (ICJ, 2023)
Palestinian territories (OPT) during the first half of that year alone. 7 These figures reflect a
troubling trend of increasing violence against civilians and underscore the ongoing
humanitarian crisis exacerbated by military actions and settler violence. 8 The situation
remained dire as attacks on civilians persisted, leading to widespread condemnation from
various human rights organizations.
The types of human rights violations documented in this conflict are numerous and
varied. They include unlawful killings, excessive use of force by Israeli security forces,
arbitrary detentions, destruction of property, and collective punishment through blockades and
home demolitions. Reports indicate that Israeli authorities demolished over 666 Palestinian
homes in the West Bank during the first eight months of 2021 alone, displacing nearly 1,000
individuals.9 Such actions have been characterized as part of a systematic approach to
undermine Palestinian rights and self-determination.
In late 2023, the situation deteriorated further with reports of unprecedented levels of
violence following renewed hostilities. From October 7 to April 30, 2024, it is estimated that
over 34,535 Palestinians were killed and approximately 77,704 injured due to Israeli military
actions. Many casualties were civilians, including women and children. 10 The scale of these
violations raises serious questions about compliance with international humanitarian law (IHL)
and highlights potential war crimes committed during military operations.
Furthermore, reports have emerged detailing specific instances of gender-based
violence employed as a tactic within this conflict. The systematic targeting of sexual and
reproductive health services has been documented as part of broader efforts to undermine
Palestinian autonomy. Such actions not only violate individual rights but also inflict long-term
psychological harm on affected communities. 11 The implications for women's health and rights
are particularly severe in conflict zones where access to necessary medical care is restricted.
The international community has responded with varying degrees of engagement.
While some nations have called for accountability and adherence to international law, others
7
Geneva International Court of Justice, In light of a deadly 2021 and 2022, human rights violations by
Israel in the OPT show no signs of slowing down (Geneva : Human Rights Council, 2023)
8
Kenneth Roth, Israel and Palestine : Events of 2021 (Human Rights Watch, 2021)
9
RTE, US Secretary of State announces aid to Gaza (Ireland : RTE, 2021)
10
Office of High Commissioner of Human Rights, UN Human Rights Report (Geneva : OHCHR, 2024)
11
Todd Pitman, UNHRC Independent Investigation (Geneva : UNHRC, 2025)
have remained silent or supportive of one side over the other. This disparity complicates efforts
to address human rights violations effectively and underscores the geopolitical complexities
inherent in the Israel-Palestine conflict.
2. I See Humans, but Not Humanity (Key Issues)
a. Killings of Civilians
The conflict that is mainly situated in the Gaza Strip is chaotic and indiscriminate. Due
to the nature of the terrain, which comprises narrow roads, alleys, and densely situated
buildings, makes it easy for soldiers on both sides to take shelter and hide. The Israeli military
forces with tanks and many heavy weapons bombard the area in order to get an advantage.
However, The Gaza Strip is home to 2.2 million civilians, and the fact that many are still present
during the attacks results in a high killings of civilians.12
13
12
BBC, Gaza Strip in maps: How 15 months of war have drastically changed life in the territory
(London : BBC, 2025)
13
Source : Human Rights Office (2024)
The chart shows the total of civilian casualties only in a 6 month period from October
2023 to April 2024. It shows how war discredits human lives on a large scale.
As of 25 April 2024, the IDF had announced the names of only 75 targeted Palestinians
killed, out of over 34,000 reported fatalities. In addition, Israel’s stated intention to destroy
“Hamas’ governance capabilities”, and its targeting of civilian infrastructure and civilian
administrators of the de facto authorities, indicated that targeting was expanded to a degree that
could amount to the direct targeting of civilians and civilian objects. 14 Intentionally directing
attacks against civilians and civilian objects, or in the knowledge the attack would cause
incidental loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects clearly excessive in
relation to the concrete and direct overall military advantage anticipated, are war crimes.15
Concerns in humanitarian issues increases as times go by. When news spreads over
Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) was using Artificial Intelligence (AI) as in their decision making
on the war, the international community starts to question further on the outcome of their
strategies that will disregard human lives or basic human moralities. 16 in several reports,
Israel’s usage of AI tries to target Male’s only. 17 The “male” targeting system means that all
males are identified as a target, disregarding the age. This means that children and elderly,
civilians in all working class including paramedics are also indicated as target by the Israeli
forces, this is a violation on distinctions and precautions on attacks. The IDF has stated that
these systems employing artificial intelligence were “merely tools that help intelligence
analysts cross-reference existing intelligence sources comprehensively and effectively”. 18
However, with the rapid increase in civilian casualties, the general public has yet to believe
that this system tries to lower the rate of civilian casualties. Furthermore, with the combination
of newly unprecedented systems and goals, will ensue more miss identified targets and
unlawful killings, exponentially increasing the numbers of civilians killed and civilian property
damages.
14
Ministry of Israel on X, [Link]
15
Rome Statute, Art. 8(2)(b)(i), (ii) & (iv); Art. 8(2)(e)(i), (iv)
16
Nova Sylvia, The Israel Defense Forces' Use of AI in Gaza: A Case of Misplaced Purpose (London
: Royal United Service Institute, 2024)
17
Yuval Abraham, ‘Lavender’: The AI machine directing Israel’s bombing spree in Gaza (Tel Aviv :
+972 Magazine, 2024)
18
Israeli Defense Forces, The IDF's Use of Data Technologies in Intelligence (Tel Aviv : IDF, 2024)
To this extent, it does not mean that Hamas is not excluded in violating acts of war
crimes.
b. Human Shield
Israeli forces have been highlighted for attacking schools and hospitals
indiscriminately, creating public uproars and conducting obvious war crimes. However, that is
not without reason. The IDF believes that these safe locations are being used by Hamas as a
base of military operations, the hospitals and schools are still being used for humanitarian aid
upfront to get immunity from attacks. 19 As such, the organization makes use of civilian
protected buildings as a means for defense. 20
IHL requires that both parties of the conflict must not, to an extent, locate their military
operation within and/or near densely populated areas.21 IHL also prohibits parties from placing
military personnel in the midst of civilians. This is due the strategic advantages that can be
done in order for said military personnels to not be targeted by another party, thus enhancing
once military operations to its favor.22 Notably, persons being used as human shields retain
their civilian status. Regardless of any use of human shields, Israel must uphold the principles
of distinction, proportionality and precautions in attack. It therefore needs to take into account
the likely higher impact on civilians and civilian objects in the context of any such use of human
shields, in undertaking the assessment of what may be excessive in relation to the anticipated
military advantage in an attack.
c. The use of Indiscriminate Weaponry
Hamas forces continues to use indiscreminate weaponry to attack Israel, these weapons
cannot be be controled to target specific places, hence its only goal is to create destruction and
chaos regardles of the the target hit, which is prohibited under IHL. 23 IHL prohibits
indiscriminate attacks which: (a) are not directed at a specific military objective; (b) employ a
method or means of combat which cannot be directed at a specific military objective; or (c)
19
Under the International Humanitarian Law (IHL), civilians are protected against any form of attack,
unless they take part in direct hostilities, please see International Committee for Red Cross Study,
Rule 6
20
Stratcomcoe, Hamas’ use of human shields in Gaza (Stratcomcoe, 2015)
21
ICRC Study, Rule 23
22
ICRC Study, Rule 97; Fourth Geneva Convention (GCIV), art. 28; see also Article 51(7) of
Additional Protocol I (API)
23
ICRC Study, Rule 71
employ a method or means of combat the effects of which cannot be limited as required by
IHL; and consequently, in each such case, are of a nature to strike military objectives and
civilians or civilian objects without distinction. Violations of the principle of distinction and
the prohibition of indiscriminate attacks under IHL may amount to war crimes.
d. Limitation on Humanitarian Aid and Attack on Humanitarian Officials
Israel’s government had impose several restrictions that chokes humanitarian aids
coming to Gaza. they impose restrictions on the entry and distributions of goods and services,
which are vitally needed by civilians, thus increasing the risk of starvation in the Gaza
population. These restrictions are still being done, including the restriction on distributing
water. This was mainly due to several reasons i) the destruction of farmlands and agriculture
by aerial bombardment, ii) large scale military ground operations that hindered civilian sectors,
iii) wide movement restrictions of people and goods across Gaza, and iv) the rapid breakdown
of public security and order.24
The United Nations Relief and Work Agency (UNRWA) was also attacked by the IDF,
resulting in the death and injuries of its staff. Whilst also conducting miss-allegations towards
the staff regarding misconducts. This results in the diminishing of donors and funding.
Completely undermines the organizations capabilities in providing unbiased humanitarian
assistance in an ever-deteriorating situation. 25
At the beginning of April 2024, over 1.1 million people in the Gaza Strip were facing
an extreme level of food insecurity, with an Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
(IPC) of Phase 5 (Catastrophe).26 Starvation as a method of warfare is strictly prohibited by the
IHL whilst also constitutes a war crime. 27 In this context, it is prohibited to attack, destroy,
and/or render useless main support lines that are essential for human survival whether it is
intentional or unintentional as stated in the Geneva Conventions. 28 The starvation of civilians
may also constitute to crime against humanity, if it is deliberately with systematic and full
24
UNOCHA, Humanitarian Access Snapshot - Gaza Strip | 1-31 March 2024 (OCHA, 2024)
25
UNRWA, UNRWA: Claims Versus Facts. (New York : 2024)
26
Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, Famine is imminent as 1.1 million people, half of
Gaza, experience catastrophic food insecurity (IPC : 2024)
27
ICRC Study, Rules 53 and 156, GCIV (art. 147), Rome Statute, Art. 8(2)(b)(xxv)
28
Geneva Convention Additional Protocol I and II
acknowledgement of the purpose. 29 However it is inevitable that such acts are hard to be
proven.
e. Mass Displacement
The Pelestinians had faced multiple displacements since 12th of October 2023 due to
the Israeli government issuing an evacuation order. Massive displacements occurred due to
Israel’s nonstop bombardment and attack in northern part of the Gaza Strip, destroying multiple
residential buildings and public facilities which causes mass panic and nearing starvation. 30
More than 1.7 million people have been displaced as of 2023, and are seeking shelters
that are unilateral understood as “safe zones”. 31 However this is not the case, as IDF still strikes
these designated locations. This destroyed many more civilian building and killed many
refugee seeking shelter in these places, resulting in more displacement of the general people. 32
In light of this situation, based on the IHL, Israel as the occupant of such territory is obligated
to i) ensuring refugees to gain access on hygiene, shelter, food, and shelter; ii) minimizing the
risk of family separation and must return the state of the region to normal and under safety after
the hostilities have ended. 33
3. The Beginning After The End (Status Quo)
In the beginning of 2025, the war was opened in a new and beautiful light. A ceasefire
was agreed by both parties, mediated by the USA, Egypt, and Qatar. 34 This event marked a
very important moment where humanitarian aids can be brought in and relief the refugees,
whilst also for both parties to release hostages and ease up international tension, it was suppose
to be a ray of light to end all hostilities between both parties. The ceasefire that was supposed
to last for at least six months, did not see half of its life.
29
Rome Statute, Art. 7
30
Volker Turk, Opening remarks by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHRC, 2023)
31
Where civilians are present in an area of active conflict, there are sometimes calls for the
establishment of designated locations where they can be protected from the effects of the hostilities,
these designated locations are widely known as “safe zones” as defined by the Norwegian Refugee
Council
32
Forensic Architecture Organization, Inhumane Zones: An assessment of Israel’s actions with
respect to the provision of aid, shelter, safe passage, and assistance to evacuees in Gaza; response
to questions raised in the ICJ on 17 May 2024 (England, 2024)
33
Geneva Convention (GC) IV, Article 49
34
Al Jazeera, Timeline: The path to the Israel-Hamas ceasefire deal in Gaza
(Al Jazeera, 2025)
On March 2025, the ceasefire ended. IDF had started to make attacks and bombing on
the Gaza Strip once more. Israel decided to resume their military campaign after receiving a
proposal that was backed by USA, mainly a way to acquire back Israeli hostages but without
ending the war, that was supposed to be the initial agreement in the ceasefire negotiations.35 In
the day of the attack, more or less 400 Palestinians were killed. 36 Currently Israel has 2 main
objective i) releasing the hostages, and ii) eliminating Hamas. Israel has already made plans
for another ground invasion, this is seen from the reactivation of thousands of Israeli forces. 37
4. Registra Populorum (Past International Actions)
a. Past UN Actions :
i. Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East
Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan [A/C.4/79/L.16].
The resolution was made to further recite that the settlements made by the Israeli
government in the West Bank is indeed illegal and is met by many condemnation from
hundreds of countries. The resolution mainly addresses the settlements made by Israel in
Occupied Palestinian territory, which includes the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
ii. Assistance to Palestine refugees [A/C.4/77/L.13]
The resolution expresses grave concern for Palestinian refugees who are under
occupation and continuously under threat. Although granting assistance is indeed needed, this
resolution has many equals. On another hand, this resolution was adopted and being used as
leverage for the Arab States to delegitimize Israel and to demonize them, putting national
interest first rather to actually commit to the cause. It also subtly tries to forget how Lebanon
discriminates Palestine refugees 38 or how the Syrian government puts Palestine refugee as a
second class citizen. 39
35
Emir Nader, Why has Israel bombed Gaza and what next for a ceasefire deal?
(BBC, 2025)
36
Daniel Estrin, Israel declares ceasefire 'over' as it launches airstrikes in Gaza killing hundreds
(Washington DC, 2025)
37
Daniel Estrin, Israel's latest war plans: To occupy Gaza and rule Palestinians
(Tel Aviv, 2025)
38
Diana Safieh, Palestinians Continue to Suffer in Lebanese Refugee Camps
(London, 2022)
39
Sam Hamad, Palestinians face a 'new Nakba' in Syria
(Edinburgh, 2021)
iii. United Nations Relief and Work Agency
UNRWA, is a dedicated UN body that serves the Palestinian refugees.40 Mainly helping
refugees in terms of giving shelter, goods such as food and drinks, and services such as health
check ups, UNRWA has been in Palestine for a long time. However the extent of assistance
can only do so much, very dependent on funds and donations from third parties, UNRWA
cannot operate on themselves. With recent development such as allegations from Israel
regarding the misconduct of UNRWA staff to USA pushing Israel breaking the ceasefire treaty,
the UN body faces difficulties on maintaining and providing continuous assistance.
iv. International Court of Justice and International Criminal Court
In light of the events that happened in Gaza, the International Court of Justice issued
legally binding provisional measures on January 2024. This measure was to insure that Israeli
Forces does not commit acts of genocide to the Palestinian people, including in the provisions
is allowing for humanitarian assistance to go through the war zone in order to deliver goods
and services to refugees. However, Israel continues to show defiance towards the measure by
keeping the aids in check and limiting relief efforts, states who had ratified the Genocide
Convention were obliged to prevent such actions from occuring, yet many are still limiting
their response towards Israels acts or have been complicit in ongoing crimes.41
The ICC has issued 2 warrants, one for Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and
another for a Hamas Official Mohammed Diab Ibrahim Al-Masri. The ICC has deemed these
two people are the cause of war and has incite many war crimes during the war.
5. The Menu (Scope of The Debate)
a. Humanitarian Assistance
Countries and Organizations alike have been trying their best to provide humanitarian
assistance to the Palestinian refugees. However, Israel's restriction on humanitarian assistance
to be brought in is an issue that has not been solved for years. In the height of the new ceasefire
40
UNRWA, What We Do
41
Global Centre for The Responsibility to Protect, Future Risks for Atrocities in Occupied Palestinian
Territory and Israel. (globalr2p, 2025)
treaty being broken, Israel will once again limit humanitarian assistance. Shedding light that
the current method of providing aids are not effective.
b. Addressing IHL and IHRL Violations
The violations regarding humanitarian laws and human rights laws are increasing by
the day. However, even with the help of ICC and ICJ it is very much still lacking. Countries
are being torn apart due to their national interest, disregarding the Humanitarian outcries in
Palestine. The Unlawful killings has been made by both sides of the party. Israel with
indiscriminate bombings and targeting heavily dense populations and civilian buildings and
Hamas with their use of long distance projectiles, not targeting any military objectives whilst
only causing terror and killings. They both commit to violations and need to be dealt with
effectively.
c. Upholding Human Rights for Refugees
The number of displaced people have grown over the years, more than 90% of the
Palestinians have been displaced and are seeking refuge. However, with the current turn of
events, the refugees faces famine, exposure to the elements, and health issue due to lack of
hygiene yet again. The UHRC has the mandate to uphold human rights, which includes
refugees, and they are in dire need of support and secure shelters.
6. 12 Angry Men (Key Stakeholders)
a. United States and Allies
The United States and its allies have consistently favored Israel in the ongoing Israel-
Palestine conflict through various military, diplomatic, and political actions. This support has
been characterized by a combination of military aid, strategic alliances, and political backing
that significantly influences the dynamics of the conflict. Their support towards Israel is second
to none. The current situation in which Israel breaks the ceasefire treaty was also due to US
Backed proposal to continue hammering down Hamas.
The U.S. has provided substantial military assistance to Israel, especially during times
of heightened conflict. Following the outbreak of hostilities on October 7, 2023, the U.S.
dispatched warships and military aircraft to the Eastern Mediterranean and increased arms
supplies to Israel, including guided missile launchers and F-35 fighter jets. In March 2025,
President Trump approved a $3 billion arms sale to Israel, further solidifying military ties. 42
This ongoing support has been framed as essential for Israel's self-defense against perceived
threats from Hamas and other militant groups.
Furthermore, The U.S. coordinates closely with allies such as Canada and several
European nations to bolster support for Israel. For example, during discussions regarding
military control over Gaza, Israeli officials engaged with U.S. counterparts to align strategies
for humanitarian aid distribution while maintaining military objectives. 43 This collaboration
underscores a shared commitment among allies to support Israeli policies.
b. Arab and Muslim Countries
Arab and Muslim countries have shown significant support for Palestine in various
ways since the escalation of the Israel-Palestine conflict in 2023. Their actions reflect a unified
stance against Israeli military operations and a commitment to Palestinian independence
In February 2025, US President Donald Trump made plans on relocating the Palestinian
people outside of Palestine, which caused an uproar surrounding the Arab Nations and Muslim
Countries, unifying their statement to deny this proposal.44 They deemed it as an act of violation
of Human Rights Law. In accordance to this the Arab Nations have tried to conduct peaceful
solution building in regards to the issue.
In March 2025, Arab leaders adopted an Egyptian-crafted reconstruction plan for Gaza,
estimated to cost $53 billion. 45 This plan aims to rebuild the enclave while ensuring that
Palestinians remain in their homes during the process. It includes provisions for establishing
safe zones and international conferences to secure funding from global donors. The Arab
League's endorsement of this plan demonstrates a commitment to addressing the humanitarian
crisis resulting from ongoing violence.
These Allied Nations rejects the oppositions plan and proposes their own, which, in
itself is a good sign of commitment to upholding human rights issues and trying to resolve the
42
Marco Rubio, Assistance to Israel (Washington DC, 2025)
43
Jeremy M. Sharp, Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for
Congress (US Congress, 2024)
44
David Gritten, Palestinians and Arab states reject Trump's Gaza takeover proposal (BBC, 2025)
45
Lyse Doucet, Arab leaders approve $53bn alternative to Trump's Gaza plan (BBC, 2025)
situation in hand. However, the current situation this Allies has not yet reached consensus on
what should they act upon.
7. What’s in The Box?! (Questions A Resolution Must Answer (QARMA’s))
a. How can UNHRC solve issues regarding IHL and IHRL in spite of the resume
of Israels attacks?
b. Previous methods on providing humanitarian assistance has been proven to have
small effectiveness, what can the International community do to overcome this?
What sort of mechanisms that are possible, effective, and efficient?
c. Without focusing too much on the war, how can UNHRC uphold Human Rights
to both parties?
d. Can UNHRC create a more sustainable ceasefire treaty? If can, how?
e. How can we uphold the rights of Palestinian Refugees in accordance with
International law while balancing regional security?
f. BONUS! Which is more suitable in the case of Palestine - Israel conflict? WHO
is right and WHO is wrong? Or WHAT is right and WHAT is wrong?
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