M.S. Excel Spreadsheet program | M.S. Excel is a Spreadsheet program. M.S.

Excel, Microsoft Office |

M.S. Excel is a part of Microsoft Office. Spreadsheet, worksheet | This software is used to create
Spreadsheet, Worksheet and Tables. Workbook: Collection of worksheet / Spreadsheets MS Excel by
name | In MS Excel, the by default name of a file is Workbook. 1. Database 2. Data Organize 3. Data
Store 4. Data Analysis 5. Data Entry M.S. Excel M.S. Excel Starting 1. By Run Command Window + R
= Excel Enter Key 2. Start Button All Programs Microsoft Office Excel 3. Task Bar Excel M.S. Excel by
default Book 1 Work Book 1 Save | M.S. In Excel, if you do not save the file with any name, then by
default it is saved as Book 1 or Work Book 1. M.S. Excel 31 Character | M.S. The file name in Excel is
of 31 Characters. Microsoft Excel Version 1 1985 Microsoft Excel Version 12 2007 {Extension Name
Change, No. Of Column & Rows Changed} Microsoft Excel Version 14 2010 {Sparkline Graphics, Pivot
Table slicers, and a 64bit version} Microsoft Excel Version 18 - 2021 Extension Name of M.S. Excel
2003 .xls Extension Name of M.S. Excel 2007,2010,2013,2016,2019 .xlsx Font By Default Font, Font
Size In 2003 Arial, 10 pt. By Default Font, Font Size In 2007, 2010,2013,2016,2019 - Calibri 11 pt.
Minimum Font Size 1 pt. Maximum Font Size 409 pt. Row & Column in MS Excel 2003 Row : 65536
Column: 256 [IV] Row & Column in MS Excel 2007,2010,2013,2016,2019 Row: 1048576 Column:
16384 [XF D] For Go to First Column = A = Ctrl + Left Arrow For Go to Last Column = XFD = Ctrl +
Right Arrow For Go to First Row = Ctrl + Up Arrow For Go to Last Row = Ctrl + Down Arrow Sheet Tab
MS Excel 2003,2007,2010,2013 Total 3 Sheets (By Default) MS Excel 2016,2019 , 2021 Total 1 Sheet
(By Default) | |The number of sheets can be increased or decreased as per the requirement. And their
name and color can also be changed accordingly. , | The sheet is divided into row a nd column. M.S.
Excel Worksheet & | | M.S. Excel Worksheet is made up of Row & Column. The division of row and
column is called Cell. Row & Column Cell | The food made by cutting of Row & Column is called Cell.
32767 | what is the maximum number of character that can be typed in a cell of ms excel MS Excel
Basic Building Block Cell | Basic Building Block of MS Excel is called. Cell While writing a cell address,
first write the column and then the row, like A:1 M.S. Excel A 1 D 6 ? M.S. Which option shows the
range A 1 to D 6 in Excel? - A1:D6 the maximum size of column width in MS -Excel 2010 -255
MS-Excel 2010 255 1. Excel Right Alignment | If you write the number in Excel, then Right Alignment
comes. 2. Excel Text Left Alignment Start | If you write text in Excel, then writing starts with Left
Alignment. 3. MS Excel Total 6 Alignment | There are total 6 alignments in MS Excel. I. Top II. Middle
III. Bottom IV. Left V. Center VI. Right Shift Button | / | If you select any other cell by pressing Shift
Button, then the range will be selected, all the cel ls that will come in between will be counted. Ctrl
Button / | We can select different cells by pressing Ctrl Button. Status bar . . zoom | The status bar of
MS Excel shows the total and average of the cell on the left side and the zoom slider and view button
on the left side. M.S. Excel Menu Bar 9 | There Are total 9 tabs in the Menu Bar of M.S. Excel. 1. File 6.
Data 2. Home 7. Review 3. Insert 8. View 4. Page Layout 9. Help 5. Formulas Font The option of border
around the cell is given inside the font command group of Excel. Alignment - Increase Indent -
Decrease Indent - Merge & Center - Orientation - Wrap Text Wrap Text | / | When we type something in
Excel and it goes out of a cell, we use Wrap Text to set it in the same cell. / Text appears below the
text. Wrap Text Alignment Ribbon | The option of Wrap Text comes in the Alignment Ribbon of the
Home tab of the menu bar. Merge & Center - Split Cell | Combine two or more selected cells using
Merge and Center to create a single cell and after merging cells, a cell can be divided into one or more
parts with the help of Split Cell. Merge & Centre Alignment Ribbon | The option of Merge & Centre
comes in the A lignment Ribbon of the Home tab of the menu bar. Numbers - By Default General | Any
such menu by clicking on which a list appears long, it is call ed drop down menu or pull down menu.
Styles | | Using this, cells can be converted into table format. For this, different designs and styles are
given. Cells Cells Ribbon 3 Insert, Delete, Format Insert , , | A new row, column, or sheet is inserted
using this. Delete - , , Delete | Using this, row, column, or sheet is deleted. Format , , ( / ) | Using this,
the format (size/length and width) of a row, column, or sheet is changed. | | Whatever text or number or
formula we type, it shows us in the formula bar. And we can a lso change or edit it from the formula bar
itself. | The data written in the active cell also appears in the formula bar. | | The name box shows the
address of the cell. Here by entering the address of our cell, we can also go directly to that cell. Select -
A -Column , 1 -Row | To select an entire column, it can be done by clicking on the header of the name
of that column, similarly to select an entire row, by clicking on the name of the row, the entire row can
be select ed and all the rows and To select a column, you can select A-Column on the left hand side by
clicking on a box before 1 -Row. Excel Name Box | Every cell in Excel has its own address which
appears in the Name Box. | A rectangular group of cells in a worksheet is called a cell range. M.S.
Excel Column Vertically, & Row Horizontally | M.S. Column Vertically, & Row Horizontally are there in
Excel. / / | Numbers and formulas/formulas entered in the cells of Excel are called numeric
entries/numeric entries. | Formula bar displays the contents of the active cell in Excel. , , , undo ,redo
MS Excel 2 0 1 0 | Formula bar displays the contents of the active cell in Excel. Edit menu is selected in
MS Excel 2010 for cut, copy, paste, undo, redo. | The name given by the user to the document or the
name with which it is saved is called filename. Excel | Charts can be created using the Chart Wizard in
Excel. | The horizontal and vertical lines on a worksheet are called gridlines. | Click the left edge of the
cell to select an entire row in the table. 1. Tables 5. Tours 9. Text 2. Illutrations 6. Sparklines 10.
Equation 3. Add-ins 7. Filters & Symbol 4. Charts 8. Links 1. Themes 4. Sheet Options 2. Page Setup
5. Arrange 3. Scale to Fit 1. Workbook Views 4. Window 2. Show 5. Macros 3. Zoom Freeze Panes
Freeze | With the help of this, we can freeze one or more columns or rows, that is, when you scroll left,
right or up -down the data of a cell, the column or row you freeze will be visible to you, regardless of the
data. No matter how much you move up and down here and there. 1. Proofing 4. Language 7. Ink 2.
Accessibility 5. Comments 3. Insights 6. Protect Workbook Statistics | Here we can see how much work
we have done, which is the last row or column in which we have worked. Smart Lookup Review Tab
Insights ribbon | Smart lookup | This option is found in the Insights ribbon of the Review tab. With the
help of this, when we select our data or text and click on Smart Lookup, t hen the information related to
it comes by automatically searching the photos. Protect | By this we can lock our sheet or work book so
that no one can make any changes in it without your permission or without password. Formula Menu
Bar Autosum, Financial, Logical, Text, Date & Time, Lookup& Reference, Math & Trigonometry, More
Functions . 1. M.S. Excel Formula = | M.S. It is mandatory to put = before using any formula on Excel.
2. M.S. Excel # | The # sign appears when there is a formula error in Excel. 3. = answer | For general
type of calculation or calculation, after typing = after calculation, the answer comes. 4.
Formula/Function : | : is used to give the range while applying the Formula/Function. =32/2^4/2 =8/4/2
-2/2 =sum(2^3,1 -2/2) FORMULA FORMAT =SUM(A1,A2,A3) =SUM(A1:A3) 1. SUM =
=SUM(number1,Number2) or =SUM(Number1:Number2) Ex- = SUM(2634+6420) 2. PRODUCT =
=PRODUCT(number1,number2) Ex- =PRODUCT(36,23) 3. AVERAGE = =AVERAGE(A1:A2) Ex-
=AVERAGE(100,500,400,200) 4. MINIMUM = To find the smallest value in a range of cells
=Min(A1:A10) or =Min(number1:number2) Ex- = Min(102,45,69,78,36,19) 5. MAXIMUM = To find the
largest value in a range of cells =Max(A1:A10) or =Max(number1:number2) Ex- =
Max(58,95,69,47,63,12,36,45) 6. POWER = =POWER(Number,Power) Ex- =POWER(2,10) ? 7. SQRT
= to find the square root =SQRT(number) Ex- =SQRT( 36) ? 8. MOD = gives a remainder
=MOD(Number,divisor) Ex- = MOD(30/7) ? 9. MEDIAN = to find the median
=MEDIAN(number1,number2) or MEDIAN(number1:number2) Ex- = MEDIAN(28,42,36,24,30) ? 10.
FLOOR = | In this, two numbers are given, the number up to which the first number is completely
divisible by the second number is the answer. =FLOOR(number1,significance) Ex- = FLOOR(50,3) ?
11. CEILING = | In this, two numbers are given, the number next to which the first number is completely
divisible by the second number is the answer. = CEILING(number1,significance) Ex- =CEILING(50,3) ?
12. FACT= Factorial | This is done to find the factorial. =FACT(Number1) Ex- =FACT(5) ? 13. ABS =
Absolute | / This is done to find the absolute value. / to convert a negative value to a positive =ABS(
number) Ex- = ABS( -18) ? 14. EVEN = ( |) { |} To make the odd even even (increasing the odd number
by one to make it even.) {The minus sign will have no effect.} =EVEN(number) Ex- =EVEN(17) ? 15.
ODD = ( |) { |} To make an even number odd (increasing an even number to odd number if given)
{Minus sign will not have an y effect.} =ODD(number) Ex- = ODD(20) ? 16. NOW = for current time and
date =NOW() Ex- =NOW() 17. TODAY = for today's date =TODAY() Ex- =TODAY() 1. MMULT =
MMULT Row Column Matrix | Through the MMULT formula, you can calculate the matrix of any row
and column value on your excel sheet. 2. EXACT = EXACT | True False | EXACT formula is used to
compare the text written inside any two columns. Will give True answer if they are exactly the same
otherwise False w ill give answer. 3. COUNT = Count Function Cells Range | Count Function is used to
count the number present in a cell or range. 4. COUNTA= COUNTA Function Cells Range , , , | / Non
-Blank | COUNTA Function is used to count numbers, text, logical values, error values and empty text
present in a cell or range. / Counts the number of non -blank cells in a range. 5. ROUND =
=ROUND(Numbers,numberdigit) Ex- =ROUND(950.4697,2) .50 1 . 5 0 ) | .50 or more then complete
will be 1 if value is less than . 50 then subsequent number will be dropped). 6. ROUNDUP = |
=ROUNDUP(numbers,number_digit) Ex- =ROUNDUP(50.42,1) 7. ROUNDDOWN = |
=ROUNDUP(numbers,number_digit) Ex- =ROUNDDOWN(50.42,1) 8. ROMAN = | Converts a number
to Roman. Get & Transformer Data | To get data from another file. Sort A Z Z A Dictionary Wise Data
Set To set Dictionary Wise Data from A to Z and from Z to A Filter File Table Filter | To use Filter in the
table made in the file, with the help of this one or two particular information can be easily seen. Outline -
| We get the option of Outline in the Data menu. Group - | By group we make a group of two or more
rows or columns. Ungroup | By ungroup, we separate the grouped r ow or column. Pivot Table | Pivot
Table , | We get the option of Insert in the menu bar. With the help of Pivot Table, you can easily
analyze important information from a large, data. Cell Select A 1 C 5 A 1 C 5 _ _ _ _ _ | If we are on A 1
cell and click on C 5 cell with shift button then all cells between A 1 to C 5 will get selected their number
will be _____. Ctrl | If we want to select different cells instead o f cell range, then we have to click on
those cells with Ctrl button. Shift | If we want to select a range of cells continuously, then we have to
use the arrow keys along with Shift. Total Number of Cell in MS Excel 2003 = 65536*256 = 16,777,216
Total Number of Cell in MS Excel 2010 = 1048576*16384 = 17,179,869,184 M.S. Excel | M.S. There
are 'IF errors' in Excel. Logical Function | (&) Used to combine text in MS Excel. ampersand (&) | Shift +
F3 Short keys are used to enter a function in MS Excel. Shift + F3 _ _ _ _ _ | Receiving data from a cell
of a separate sheet is called _____ Referencing | $ Which special character is used in front of column
and row numbers to prevent automatic relative cell reference? dollar $ Shell is the only feature of Unix |
The width of the fields and the length of the row are measured in the MS Excel program. inches _ _ $
__ symbol is used in absolute cell $ Extend Code / F8 Used to turn on/off Extend Code F8 , A single
row representing a single record is called a tuple - $ The row number or column in a specified cell
address is displayed before the table - $ F1 = Help F2 = Edit the selected cell (Activated cell) F5 = Go
to a specific Cell F7 = Spell check selected text /or document F9 = Calculate the worksheet in
workbook F11 = Create Chart from selected Data ( Bar Chart) F12 = Save as Ctrl + F1 = Show/Hide the
Rib bon (Submenu of menu bar) Ctrl + F2 = Print Preview Ctrl + F3 = Name Manager Dialog Box Ctrl +
F9 = Minimize the workbook Ctrl + F10 = Maximize the workbook Ctrl + Shift + ; = Current Time Ctrl + ;
= Current Date Ctrl + 0 = Hide Select Column Ctrl + 9 = Hide Select Row Ctrl + Shift + 9 = Unhide Row
Ctrl + Shift + 0 = Unhide Column Ctrl + 1 = Open the format cell Dialog box Ctrl + 2 = Bold Ctrl + 3 =
Italic Ctrl + 4 = Underline Ctrl + 5 = To Apply/Remove Strikethrough 2000 Shift + F11 = Insert a new
worksheet Shift + F3 = Display Insert Function Dialog box Shift + F5 = Bring up search box Arrow Keys
= Move One cell at a time Tab = Move one cell to the right Shift + Tab = Move one cell to the left Delete
= Remove selected cell contents Esc = Cancel Entry in a cell or formula Home = Move to beginning a
row Page Down = Move one screen down Page up = Move one screen up Ctrl + = Display cell values
on formulas Ctrl + + Insert Cell/ Column/ Row Ctrl + - Delete Cell/ Column/ Row Ctrl + Home = Move to
beginning of a worksheet Ctrl + End = Move to the last cell with contents Shift + Spacebar = Select
entire row Ctrl + Spacebar = Select Entire Column Ctrl + Shift + $ = Apply Currency Fo rmat Ctrl + Shift
+ % = Apply Percentage Format Alt + = Insert the auto Sum formula Alt + Shift + F1 = Insert new
worksheet Enter Accept & Apply Enter to move from the current cell to the bottom cell Shift + Enter to
move to a cell above the current cell Tab to go to the right -hand cell of the current cell Shift + Tab To
go to the left -hand cell of the current cell Esc. Cancel and close the dialog box Ctrl + D / Ctrl +
Duplicate the data from the cell above you have selected Ctrl + T / Ctrl + L Create Table 3 | , F 2 ,
Power Point | Power Point is a graphic presentation program. | It is also used in business presentation.
Power Point Presentation Slide Show | Presentation in Power Point is displayed as Slide Show. Power
Point Power Point Design Templet Slide Show | The shape and size of Slide Show can be changed by
using Design Template in Powerpoint. Power Point Presentation is a collection of Slides. Power Point
Slide Indicator | After opening Power Point, Slide Indicator is present on the left side which displays the
title and number of the upcoming slide. F 5 Esc. | F5 is used to do a slide show in Power Point and Esc
is used to close the slide show. button is pressed. Power Point | A black slide in Power Point indicates
the end of the presentation. / Handout Master | To add header/feeder in Microsoft Power Point, go to
Insert or Handout Master is used. , | Auto Content Wizard is a feature in Power Point that allows users
to create simple presenta tions without spending a lot of time. Thumbnail | Transition | | Used to
introduce slides in a presentation. How to change slide Hide Slide Presentation Slide Show | By sliding
Hide, it will not be visible at the time of Presentation Slide Show. Animation , , Animations Active
Presentation Ctrl + Shift + N Ctrl + Shift + N in Power Point to Duplicate the Active Presentation
Duplicate Slide Ctrl + D New Slide Ctrl + M Ruler Shift + Alt + F9 Gridlines Shift + F9 Font Dialogbox -
Ctrl + T Slide Show F5 Slide Show From Present Slide Shift + F5 Power Point Tab | Tab is used to go
to the next hyperlink in Power Point . Change Case | Change Case option is not there in Power Point.
1. File Menu 8. Slide Show Menu 2. Home Menu 9. Record Menu 3. Insert Menu 10. Review Menu 4.
Draw Menu 11. View Menu 5. Design Menu 12. Office Tab 6. Transitions Menu 13. Help 7. Animations
Menu Menu Bar Clipboard Slides Font Paragraph Drawing Editing Home Menu Insert Menu Draw
Menu Design Menu Transition Menu Animations Slide Show Record Review View Power Point / Status
Bar of powerpoint Slide Number Left Side Zoom Slider Right Side Notes Option, Comments Option,
Normal/ Slides/ Sorter / Reading View | Notes Option, Comments Option, Normal / Slides / Sorter /
Reading View are all these options Official Syllabus Download Rojgar With Ankit App. PDF Class Notes
Computer Marathon Computer How to Download PDF Organization of a computer, Characteristics of
Computers , Introduction of Computer, ] | / | The word computer is derived from the Latin language the
word computer means "to calculate". That is why computer is also called computer / calculator. / / -
Inventor / father of computer ( ) (Birth) 1791 (death) - 1871 Difference Engine , 1822 1822 |Charles
Babbage first made a machine named Difference Engine in 1822 Analytical Engine ,1837 183 7 |After
this, Charles Babbage built the Analytical Engine in 1837, which was more effective than the Difference
Engine. Difference Engine Ada Lovelace | Ada Lovelace is called the mother of the computer.
Analytical Engine |Ada Lovelace did the programming work on the Analytical Engine. Mother of
Computer First Lady Computer Programmer First Computer Programmer - Mother of program ming -
Mother of Computer - |A computer is an electronic device that performs mathematical operations and
performs logical calculations. Mathematical Operations + , , , Logical Operations (< ,> ,= , , ) Definition
of Computer Input Output Process Data Information Process Computer System Input Output Process
Storage Abacus 2500 -3000 BC world's first Calculation machine Invention of the Modern Abacus Tim
Cranmer Mark - I Fully automatic electromechanical calculating machine in the world ENIAC Electrical
Numerical Integrator and Computer 1946 J.P. Eckert and John Mauchly | It was the first fully electronic
digital computer. EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer UNIVAC Universal
Automatic Computer ENIAC J.P. Eckert and John Mauchly | It was also named after ENIAC's inventor
J.P. Developed by Eckert and John Mauchly. |This was the first commercial computer. First Generation
: 194 0-1955 Second Generation : 1956 -1964 Third Generation : 1965 -1971 Fourth Generation : 1971
-1985 Fifth Generation : 1985 Languages of Generations First Generation Computer Machine
Language Second Generation Computer Assembly Language Third Generation Computer High level
language ( COBOL , FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL,C etc.) Fourth Generation (Python, C#, JAVA,
JavaScript, Rust, Kotlin, etc.) Fifth Generation Human Language Computers of Generations First
Generation Computer ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC, SEAC, IBM -701, IBM -650 Second Generation
Computer IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC1604, CDC3600, Honeywell -400 Third Generation Computer IBM
370, PDP -11, Honeywell -6000, IBM 360, ICL 2900 and DEC Series. Fourth Generation Computer
DEC 10, STAR 1000, IBM 4341, PUP11 Apple II Fifth Generation of Computer Param Supercomputer
Invention of Supercomputer - Seymour Cray First Super Computer CDC - 6600 (Developed in 1964)
CDC 6600 (1964 ) SUPER COMPUTER {CDC - Central Data Corporation } Cray I- supercomputer was
developed by Seymour Cray in 1976. - 1976 | The world's fastest supercomputer Frontier Frontier
Super Computer & Country Frontier (United States of America) Fugaku (Japan) Tianhe 2A (China)
Param Siddhi (INDIA) India's first supercomputer PARAM - 8000 Developed by CDAC (Central for
Development of Advanced Computing) 8000 SUPER COMPUTER IN INDIA CDAC ( ) Father of super
computer in India Vijay Bhatkar Pandurang Where was the first supercomputer installed in India -
Established in 1991 at Pune Meteorological Observatory - 1991 | Fastest Super Computer in India
Param Siddhi AI - AI First computer installed in India 1952 Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata 1952 First
computer made in India Siddhartha Siddhartha, the first computer made in India, was installed for the
first time in 1986 at the Head Post Office in Bangalore. 1986 | Pratyush is India's first multi -petaflop
supercomputer that has been set up at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorol ogy (IITM) Pune. -
(IITM) Supercomputer of INDIA - 1. Param Siddhi AI 8. Color Blossom 2. Pratyush 9. Padhum 3. Mihir
10. Virgo 4. Sahasrat 11. Param Shivay (IIT BHU) 5. Aaditya 12. Param YUVA -II 6. Param 8000 13.
EKA (Developed by Tata Group in 2007) 7. Param Brahma 14. Param Shakti, Param Yukti As of June
2022 111 rank of Param Siddhi -AI supercomputer amin the top 500. 2022 - 111 500 China has the
maximum number of supercomputers in the world . As of May 2022, there are 15 supercomputers in
India. 2022 , 15 Analog Computer - , , | Engineering |Those who measure pressure, length, temperature
etc. express their results in numbers. These are mainly used in science and engineering fields. 2.
Digital Computer | (0,1) Smartphone, PC, Smart Watch, Bike digital meter. Generally, the computers
we talk about are digital computers. Those who use binary number (0,1) Smartphone, PC, Smart
Watch, Bike digital meter. 3. Hybrid Computer Analog Computer + Digital , , They are used in petrol
pumps, electronic blood pressure machines, thermometers etc. / First Processor Intel 4004 Brain of
Computer / - Heart of Computer / - CPU Central Processing Unit computer | AttachedOther device
Control Other Device Whatever work the computer does, it is C.P.U. Happens in,It is called the
brain/brain/heart of the computer. C.P.U. Microchip, Microprocessor, Central Processor is known by
many names. The CPU of a microcomputer is also called a microprocessor. , C.P.U. | / / | C.P.U.
Microchip, Microprocessor, Central Processor | CPU | CPU -Central Processing Unit ALU -Arithmetic
Logic Unit CU-Control Unit MU-Memory Unit ( ) 1. Accumulator: ALU | Stores the results of calculations
performed by the ALU. 2. Program Counter (PC) : | (MAR) |Keeps track of memory locations to deal
with next instructions. The PC then sends this next address to the Memory Address Register (MAR). 3.
Memory Address Register(MAR): |It stores the memory location of the instructions that need to be
stored in the memory lane or memory. 4. Memory Data Register (MDR) : |It stores the instructions
received from the memory or any data that is to be transferred and stored in the memory. 5. Current
Instruction Register (CIR) : , |It stores the most recently received instructions while it is waiting to be
coded and executed. 6. Instruction Buffer Register (IBR) : , IBR |Instructions that are not to be executed
immediately are placed in the instruction buffer register (IBR). The time taken by the CPU to access a
location in memory Memory Access Time /CPU - The Speed of a CPU Can be Measured in Megahertz
(MHz) CPU (MHz ) | The operation executed on data stored in registers - Micro Operations - The
Microprocessor consists of Millions of Transistors User Computer / / / / | The
commands/instructions/inputs/signals/instructions given by the user to the computer are called inputs.
1. Keyboard 10. MICR 2. Mouse 11. Light Pen 3. Microphone 12. Recognition System 4. Joystick 13.
Digitizer 5. OCR 14. Trackball 6. OMR 15. Touch Screen 7. Scanner 16. Smart Card Reader 8. Web
Camera 17. TV/ AC Remote 9. Barcode Reader - Invention of the keyboard Alpha betic Keys A-Z (26)
Function Key 12 {F1 -F12} Numeric Keypad 17 Navigation Key | They are used to move around in the
document etc. Arrow Keys, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down, Delete, Insert Modifier Keys | These are
used in conjunction with any other button. Ctrl, Shift, Alt, Window Key Punctuations Keyboard 14 -
Longest button on the keyboard , Backspace Button , Delete Button Esc Cancel a command Close a
selected drop down list Enter is used to move to the next line Number Lock Using this, the numeric
keys can be operated like arrows. | Caps Lock When it is turned on, all letters are capitalized and when
it is turned off, all letters are small. Shift Pressing any letter with the Shift key will type it in capital
letters. (2 Keys) Shift | Scroll Lock Using this, scrolling of the page is stopped and started. |Prtscr - The
Prtscr button takes a screenshot and copies it to clipboard or saves it to a file .Prtscn 1963 | Mouse was
invented by Douglas Engelbart in 1963. Mouse ( ) ( - ) | Mouse is an input device of the computer,
which is mainly used to move the pointer (cursor) in the computer, it is also known as pointing device.
1. Mechanical Mouse 2. Optical Mouse / Digital Mouse 3. Trackball Mouse 4. Touchpad It works like a
mouse, it is also called trackpad, it is commonly used in laptops. It works by sensing the pressure of the
fingers . | | Mouse The Click lock property of mouse allows you to drag without holding the mouse
button. Output ( ) , |After processing the input (instruction) given by us to the computer, the result we
get is called out put, the result given by the computer is called output. Output Hard Copy Soft Copy 1.
Monitor 2. Printer 3. Plotter 4. Speaker 5. Projector 6. Headphones VDU / VDT |Monitor is also known
as VDU / VDT. |Monitor size is measured diagonally. Karl Ferdinand Braun Types of Monitor 1. CRT
Monitor Cathode Ray Tube 2. LCD Liquid Crystal Display 3. LED Light Emitting Diode 4. TFT LED -
Thin Film Transistor Light Emitting Diode HDMI Cable -High Definition Multimedia Interface VGA -
Video Graphic Array, Vi sual Graphic Arrow Copies |In this, how many copies of a print have to be
removed are written. Print All Pages - |Print All Pages - It is used to extract all the pages. Custom Print
|Custom Print - It is used to remove some pages from the middle or separate pages from the middle.
Cancel Print Command - |To cancel after giving the print command, clicking on the printer icon on the
right hand side of the task bar, a dialog box will open, select the command given in it and cancel the
command. Peripheral Device | A computer peripheral is any external device that provides input and
output to a computer. Computer Memory , Instructions Processing |Computer Memory is such a
storage space in the computer, where the data that is processed and the instructions required for
processing are stored there. (Units of memory ) 1 Bit = 0,1 1 nibble = 4 bit 1 Byte = 8 bit 1 Byte = 2
Nibble 1 kb ( ) =1024 byte / 210 B 1 Mb ( ) =1024 kb / 220B / 1 million Byte 1 Gb ( ) = 1024 mb / 230B/ 1
billion Byte 1 Tb ( ) =1024 Gb / 240B / 1 trillion Byte 1 Pb ( ) =1024 Tb/ 250B 1 EB ( ) = 1024 Pb / 260B
1 ZB ( ) =1024 Eb / 270B 1 YB ( ) =1024 ZB / 280B 1 =1024 Yb / 290B 1 =1024 / 2100B | Bit is the
smallest memory unit. | Geop byte is the largest memory unit. | The devices which are used to store
data or information are called memory devices. Memory There are two types of memory 1. Primary
Memory 2. Secondary Memory Primary Memory |Primary memory is required for the computer to
Function, it is also known as semiconductor memory. mainaccessmemory | It is also called main
access memory. Volatile Memory RAM i s a type of volatile memory. |is temporary memory. / |Internal
Memory C.P.U. RAM |/ , RAM |C.P.U. Every work done by it must come to RAM. | 1. DRAM Dynamic
Random Access Memory 2. SRAM - Static Random Access Memory ROM - Property WORM(Write one
-read many) Non -Volatile This is a non -volatile memory have permanent memory ROM BIOS | The
permanent program present in ROM is called BIOS. BIOS Basic Input Output System | This is the first
program on the computer that will run first. | ( - on ) It checks whether all parts are running. ( Keyboard
light turns on when turned on) | To boot or start the computer. BIOS POST |The BIOS is known by the
name POST. POST Power on self test CMOS BATTERY CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semi
-Conductor CMOS | The main function of the CMOS is to run the computer's clock. |There are three
types of R OM. 1. PROM Programmable ROM | |Free memory is created while creating. Data once
written cannot be erased. 2. EPROM Erasable PROM - - |Can be written over and over again.
Erasedby - UV Radiation 3. EEPROM Electrically EPROM | |In this the program is changed with the
help of electricity. That's why it is also called flash memory. |It is a special type of fast primary memory.
- | The frequently used data is kept in the cache memory. . . . | / . . . |Cache Memory CPU and is located
between RAM. / CPU and is located between the p rimary memory. CPU |Cache memory is also called
memory of CPU CPU Directly Data Cache CPU directly takes data from cache / The fastest memory of
a computer is registers /cache CPU Memory closest to CPU Cache Memory CPU The time taken by a
memory to make data available to the CPU is called access time. Memory Memory Capacity Registers
> Cache Memory > RAM > ROM >Secondary Memory Memory Speed - 1. FDD - Floppy Disk Drive
Floppy Disk , | FloppyDisk 8 Inch 80 kb 5.25 Inch 360 kb 1.2 mb 3.5 Inch 730 kb 1.44 mb | 2. CD
Compact Disk Size 700 mb CD-R Compact Disk Recordable CD-RW Compact Disk Re -writable CD
ROM CD Read Only Memory Polycarbonate Plastic Laser Bean (Light) CD ROM | CDROM | 3. DVD
Digital Versatile/Video Disk CD , CD 6 4. HDD Hard Disk Drive FixedDisk | 256 Gb, 512 Gb, 1024 Gb (1
TB) SSD Solid State Drive 5. Blue Ray Disk -HD Video Save HD High Definition DVD 5 Single layer 25
Gb Data Double layer 50 Gb Data 6. Magnetic Tape , | Audio cassettes in the olden days, it is a
sequential medium. Electrical Devices (Flash Memory) Electrical devices are those devices which have
EEPROM embedded in them. These are also called flash memory. EEPROM | flashmemory | USBFD
Universal Serial Bus Flash Drive MC Memory Card SD Card Secure digital Card Windows Explorer
Windows Explorer is a file manager application 95 | Which has been included with the release of
Microsoft Windows operating systems since Windows 95. 1. |When we save a file, it is automatically
saved in the Documents folder. 2. |When we download something from the internet, it automatically
comes in the download folder. 3. C |Most of the data or all the installed files in Windows Explorer reside
in the local disk C. 4. 10 |Programs are used in Windows 10 to remove pre - installed applications in
Windows. 5. Navigation Pane |Navigation P ane Quick Access, This PC, Network |Navigation Pane is
found on the left side in Windows Explorer, with the help of this we can see the file directory and by
clicking on it, we can open the folder inside it. Inside the Navigation Pane, we see the options for Quick
Access, This PC, and Network. 6. / , , | When we connect any external memory device like CD/DVD,
Pendrive, External Hard Disk, it is visible in Windows Explorer. 1. Open ing Windows Explorer / File
Explorer Window + E 2. Set Focus on Side Bar Shift + Tab 3. Open a New Window with the Same
Folder Ctrl + N 4. Close a file explorer Window Ctrl + W {Alt + F4} 5. Create a New Folder Ctrl + Shift +
N 6. Navigate to Other Folders Backspace 7. Navigate to Previous Folder -Alt + 8. Navigate to Next
Folder - Alt + 9. Navigate to Parent Folder - Alt + 10. Renaming Files and Folder s F2 11. Select the
Address Bar Ctrl + L 12. Search File Explorer Ctrl + F / F3 Change the View Ctrl + Shift + 2 For Large
Icon View Ctrl + Shift + 6 For Detail View Right Click Menu Shift + F10 This PC / My Computer 10 |
Right clicking on This PC / My Computer shows 10 options Window + D To hide all currently running
programs Window + L to lock the computer system Window + R to open the run command Alt + F4 to
shutdown the computer Alt + Enter To view the properties of any file or folder F5 To Refresh Computer
/ Reload a web page | A computer port is an interface or connection point that connects a device to a
computer. Computer Ports | Computer Ports are known as Input Output Ports. Computer Port
|Computer Port is an interface between computer and external devices which is used for
communication between external devices of the computer. 1. Serial Port - Modem, Mouse, Keyboard
DB9 Connector DB25 Connector 2. Parallel Port - 25 Connector 3. USB Port - (Printer ,Scanner ,
Mouse , Keyboard , Mobile Phone ) Invention in 1997 4. PS/2 PS/2 Port -Personal System Port to
connect the old keyboard mouse 6 | (Made by IBM Com. ) 6 pin connector is used in this. 5. VGA VGA
Port 15 Pin Video Graphic Array Port Use in - Projector & HD TV 6. Modem Port 7. Ethernet Port LAN It
is also called LAN port , , It is used to connect networking devices such as routers, switches, hubs, etc.
to the Internet. 8. HDMI HDMI Port High definition Multimedia Interface 19 Pins Monitor, Projector Etc.
10. The port number of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ? ? - 25 11. The Port number of the Domain
Name System Service? ? - 53 12. The Port Number of the Post Office Protocol (POP3)? ( 3) ? - 110 13.
The Port Number of the Internet Relay Chat (IRC)? (IRC) ? - 194 14. The Port number of the HTTP
Secure? HTTP ? - 443 15. The Port Number of HTTP? HTTP ? 80 16. The Port number of the IMAP? -
143 Ctrl + A = Select All Ctrl + B = Bold Ctrl + C = Copy Ctrl + D = Font Default setting / Font Option (In
MS WORD) Ctrl + D = Duplicate object (Shape, Pictures) (Power Point & Excel) Ctrl + E = Centre
Alignment Ctrl + F = Open Find Box Ctrl + G = Go to Ctrl + H = Replace Ctrl + I = Italic Font Ctrl + J =
Justify Paragraph Alignment Ctrl + Shift + J = Force Justify Ctrl + K = Hyperlink Ctrl + L = Left
Alignment Ctrl + M = Indent the Paragraph/ Indentation (Indentation Ruler Point 1.25 Inch) | (New Slide
In Power Point) Ctrl + Shift + M = Remove Paragraph Indent Ctrl + N = New Ctrl + O = Open / Ctrl +
F12 = Open Ctrl + P = Print / Ctrl + Shift + F12 = Choose the print command Ctrl + F2 = Print Preview /
Ctrl + Alt + I = Print Prvw Ctrl + Q = Revert Indentation (ruler )/ Remove Paragraph Formatting Ctrl + R
= Right Alignment Ctrl + S = Save a file Ctrl + T = Hanging Indentation Ctrl + U = Underline Ctrl + V =
Paste / Shift + Insert = Paste Ctrl + W = Close file Ctrl + X = Cut Ctrl + Y = Redo change the previous
action by undo Ctrl + Z = Undo the previous action Ctrl + Shift + S = Style Ctrl + Shift + F = Font Ctrl +
Shift + P = Font Size Ctrl + Shift + D = Double Underline Ctrl + Shift + W = Underline Formatting to the
words but not the spaces Ctrl + 1 = Single Line Spacing Ctrl + 2 = Double Line Spacing Ctrl + 5 = 1.5
Line Spacing (By Default) Shift + F3 = Change Case Shift + F7 = Activate the Thesaurus Ctrl + Shift + >
= Increase Font Size by regular size Ctrl +] = Increase Font Size by 1 Point Ctrl + Shift + < = Decrease
Font Size by regular size Ctrl + [ = Decrease Font Size by 1 point Esc = Cancel a command Shift +
Arrow = To Select Text (Left, Right, Up, Down) Ctrl + Mouse Click = Select Multiple Object in One Time
/ Select Sentence Ctrl + (=) = Subscript {H2O} Ctrl + Shift + (+) = Superscript {102} Shift + Arrow = To
Select Text Left, Right, Up, Down Ctrl + Shift + Right / Left Arrow = To Select a Word Ctrl + Shift +
Up/Down Arrow = To Select a complete Line Tab = To increase / For Jump to Next Box Shift + Tab =
Return to previous box Ctrl + Left Arrow = Move one word to the left Ctrl + Right Arrow = Move one
word to the right Ctrl + Up Arrow = Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph Ctrl + Down Arrow =
Move to the end of the paragraph Ctrl + Del = Delete the word to the right of the cursor Ctrl +
Backspace = Delete the word to the left of the cursor Ctrl + End = Move the cursor to the end of the
document Ctrl + Home = Move the Cursor to the beginning of the document Alt + Shift + D = Insert the
current date Alt + Shift + T = Insert the current time Format Painter Copy Ctrl + Shift + C Format Painter
Paste Ctrl + Shift + V Alt + F4 = Shut Down Computer, Exit files, folder Alt + Ctrl + D = For Task
Manager Shift + Delete = Permanent Delete Alt + Space = For Active Minimize, Maximize, Restore
Window + R = For Run Command Window + E = For Open This PC / My Computer Folder Window + D
= For Hide/ Unhide all present time open applications Window + L = Lock Your PC F1 = Open Help F2
= Rename Files or Folder, Edit Active Cell in MS Excel F3 = Browsers, Windows Search Option
Activate F4 = Alt + F4 = Close Active Window, Shut Down, F5 = Refresh Button, Refresh Folder
Content List, Slide Show in power point, Reload Page or Document window in Browsers Ctrl + Shift +
F5 = To Begin The slide show from the current slide F6 = Take Cursor in Address Bar / Move to Ribbon
bar to statusbar Ctrl + Shift + F6 = Open Preview Window in MS Word F7 = Spell and g rammar check
in MS office Shift + F7 = Thesaurus check in MS Office F8 = Start Safe Mode F9 = Send and Receive E
-mails in Outlook F10 = Highlights Menu Bar Shift + F10 = Open Right Click Menus F11 = Open or
Close Full Screen Mode F12 = Open Save As Window in Word Ctrl + F12 = Open Document in Word
Shift + F12 = Open Save Document in Word Home to go to the beginning of the line End to go to the
end of the line Ctrl + Home go to the beginning of the document Ctrl + End go to the end of the
document Ctrl + N = New Browser Window Ctrl + Shift + N = To Open a new Window in incognito mode
Tab Ctrl + T = New Tab Ctrl + Shift + T = Reopens the last tab you closed Ctrl + Tab / Ctrl or Ctrl +
Page down = To Jump Right Side Tab Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + Page up = To Jump Left Side Tab Ctrl
+ D = To Bookmark a webpage Ctrl + H = To Open Search History List Ctrl + J = To Open Download
list Ctrl + 9 = Switch to the last tab Ctrl + 0 = To Set the page to the default zoom F5 = Reload Esc =
Stop Loading Ctrl + L or Alt + D = Address bar zoom Home = End = F11 = Full Screen Mode Working
with Internet and e -mails: 1. Web Browsing & Searching, 2. Downloading &Uploading;, 3. Managing an
E -mail Account, 4. E-banking. TCP /TP | TCP / TP protocol is used for the Internet. TCP -
Transmission Control Protocol IP Internet Protocol TCP - IP, | TCP breaks any information into small
packets, after which IP sends the information to the receiver. Father of Internet Vinton Gray Cerf Father
of TCP/I P Vint Cerf Father Of WWW Tim Berners Lee Father Of URL Tim Berners Lee Father Of Email
- Ray Tomlinson 1969: ARPANET {Advanced Research Project Agency for Networking} The world's
first network for research 1989 -1991: Globalization {WWW} 15 August 1995: VSNL {Videsh Sanchar
Nigam Limited } 15 1995 VSNL | Internet services were started in India on 15 August 1995 by VSNL.
1989 - WWW HTML | In 1989 Tim -Berners Lee developed WWW and HTML. WWW - World Wide Web
WWW - World Wide Web - A network of computers spread across the world , www | All the websites in
the world are registered in www. HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language HTML | HTML is used to design
a webpage. Webpage - / | Webpage - The page which opens by clicking on any link/website is called
web page. Website - | A group of webpages is a website. URI Uniform Resource Identifier URI | URI
identifies the name and location of a file or resource in a uniform format. URL - Uniform Resource
Locator URL |URL refers to the address of a website. |It provides the address on the web page. WWW ,
| | (URL ) | All the web pages, websites and documents present on www. They all have their own web
address. Which is called URL. [Link] WWW WWWC | An
organization "WWWC" works to control WWW. WWWC {W3C/3WC} World Wide Web Consortium
WWWW {4W, W4} World Wide Web Worm World wide web worm, www | The World Wide Web worm
was one of the earliest search engines for www. First Web Browser WWW IP Address - IPAddress ,
|Each computer has a different IP address, which are connected to a network. IPAddress (IPv4) | 3 |IP
addresses are div ided into four octets. Which is divided by 3 decimal signs. 0-255 |The number from 0
-255 is the written caste. IPAddress |Any IP address consists of two parts. [Link] IPV4 (32Bits)
IPV6 (128Bits) Network ID Host ID HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTTP HTTPS |If the data sent
by HTTP remains insecure, then HTTPS is used to avoid it. HTTPS - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Secure. Web Browser - , |Web Browser - A web browser is a software application, which is used to find
and display the content of the World Wide Web. Web Page |The software that is used to search the
web page. The First Web browser ever launched in 1990. It was later named Nexus 1990 " " Mosaic /
First graphics web browser Mosaic | There are two types of web browsers. (i) Text web browser Only
Text (Ex. Lynx) (ii) Graphical web browser Text + Graphic (GUI Based) 1. WWW 1990 2. Google
Chrome (2-09-2008) 4. Opera Mini - 1995 2. Mozilla Firefox (2002 ) 5. Avant 3. Apple Safari - 2003 6.
Internet Explorer 1995 7. Microsoft Edge 2015 8. UC Browser 9. Net Scape 10. Mosaic - 1993
Backward Forward Bookmark Download History Incognito Tab Home Page Reload - Search Engine - ,
|This is a website in which any topic is written in the search bar, after which all the information related to
it is displayed. - | Note - The color of any website or link is blue. Some Search Engine List - 1. Archie
Archie(1990) 2. Google - 1996 6. Web Crawler 3. Yahoo 7. Rediff 4. Alta Vista 8. Naver 5. HotBot 9.
[Link] 10. Lycos 16. [Link] 11. Excite 17. DuckDuckGO 12. [Link] 18. MSN 13. Bing
(Default Search Engine of Microsoft Launch 2009 ) 14. Baidu (China) 19. Yandex (Russia) 15.
Dragonfly (Google in China) 20. Excite |The name after the last dot at the end of the URL of a website
on the Internet is called a domain name. |Generally, if there are three letters in the last part of the
domain name, then it indicates the organization and if there are two letters then it indicates the country.
Some Domain Name .org organisation ( - ) .net networking/ network resource .gov government .jobs
.com commercial / .mil military .co company .info informational organisation .edu educational .nic
national information center | (TLD) All these are called top level domains. (TLD) TLD Country Domain |
Some Country Domain Name .in India .nz New Zealand .au Australia .uk United Kingdom .fr France .us
United State |It is also called instant messaging. | Through this information is sent to a particular person
or to the whole group. Emoji World Emoji day - 17 July Some company which provide chat facility. 1.
Whatsapp 2. Facebook M essenger 3. Instagram 4. Internet relay chat 5. Line 6. Telegram 7. Emo chat
8. Viber 9. Share chat 10. Google talk 11. We chat 12. Slack |Chat or meeting via video. Some
company which provide Video Conferencing Facility. 1. Google Duo 2. Skype 3. Face Time 4. Google
Hangout 5. Web -x meeting 6. Microsoft Teams 7. Zoom 8. Go to meeting 9. Adobe Connect Electronic
Banking Electronic banking means that banking through internet NEFT - National electronic fund
transfer RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement IMPS Immediate Mobile Payment Service Internet Banking
Commercial & Non -Commercial Transaction ATM Automated Teller Machine E-mail Electronic Mail
E-mail Audio, Video, Picture/Image, Zipped File, Document, Files |All can be sent by Audio, Video,
Picture/Image, Zipped File, Document, Files. E-mail 1970 |E-mail format was prepared in 1970. E-mail
1971 Ray Tomlinson | The first e -mail was sent by "Ray Tomlinson" in 1971. Father of E -mail Ray T
omlinson - Arpanet |He sent the e -mail through Arpanet. Arpanet Advance Research Project Agency
Network. E-mail (PC ) 1979 First company to provide e -mail facility Compuserve (on PC) in 1979
E-mail |The modern form of e -mail was provided by an Indian "Siva Ayyadurai". E-mail Protocols: Set
of rules Protocols for sending e -mail: Set of rules 1. SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Used to send e -mail 2. POP3 Post Office Protocol - Receive use, 1 |
POP 3 Post Office Protocol Used to receive e -mail, is used for 1 device. 3. IMAP Internet Message
Access Protocol - Receive use, 1 | IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol Used to receive e - mail, is
used for more than 1 device. SMTP - SMTP is of two types - 1. End to End Method 2. Storage and
Forward Method. E-mail | Any e -mail has two parts. 1. User Name 2. Domain Name / Host Name
E-mail Address - rojgarwithankit@[Link] @ - At the rate |@ - At the rate symbol associates the
user name with the domain name. Email : 1. E-mail add ress (Space ) | There should not be any space
in the E -mail address. 2. @ / @ sign mandatory 3. E-mail Id case | ( , read ) | E-mail Id is not case
sensitive. (Reads all the letters big and small alike)| 4. - | E-mail ID is always unique. 5. E-mail Id
PaperClip Icon | Paper Clip Icon is used for attachment in E -mail Id. 6. E-mail Forward Attachment |
You can make changes in the existing attachment while forwarding the e -mail. 7. E-mail 320 |There are
320 characters in E -mail. 8. E-mail 25 MB | The maximum size of e -mail is 25 MB. 9. E-mail 15 GB | /
E-mail storage is 15 GB. E-mail Spoofing: Fake ID Spoofer | / Unsolicited mail sent by a Fake ID and
the sender is called Spoofer. Spam (Advertising Materials), Spam Mail Junk Mail | Advertisement
Materials, Spam Mail is also called Junk Mail. SomeE -mail Service Providers: 1. G-mail 2. Hot-mail 3.
Yahoo! mail 4. Indiatimes 5. Protonmail 6. Outlook 7. Rediffmail - 1. Compose - open | | This link opens
a page where you can compose a message and send it to other users. In simple words, we can also
understand it as the right option. 2. Inbox - - / - |To see the received e -mail / any e -mail first comes in
the inbox. 3. Outbox / | It contains those messages which have been sent by the user but have not
been sent yet / or the messages which are sent a gain and again. 4. Draft | The draft contains the
message which has been typed but not sent yet. 5. Junk/Spam Mail | | These are advertising messages
from various commercial establishments. These are also called junk mails. 6. Send Items | It contains
the mails that have been sent. 7. Starred | In this, we mark and star our favorite or important messages.
8. Snoozed | Until you no longer need that mail, postpone it or delete it from the inbox for a while. 9.
Trash Folder - 30 Days Trash is used to restore any deleted email within 30 days. 10. Archived Chat |It
contains those mails which we usually want to keep hidden or keep it hidden from the normal message
for some time. 11. Reply |When you receive any mail, we reply to it through reply. 12. Forward | to send
mail from one place to another Mail can also be edited while forwarding and attach ments can also be
added and removed. To - - | In this, the e -mail address to which the mail is to be sent is inserted. Cc
(Carbon Copy) - CC - | A copy of this mail will be received by all those whose e -mail address will be
entered in CC and they will also see that the copy of this mail has been sent and to whom. {Ctrl + Shift
+ C} Bcc (Blind carbon copy) - - Bcc - | A copy of this mail will be received by all those whose e -mail
address will be entered in Bcc but they will not see that this mail has been sent and to whom. {Ctrl +
Shift + B} Subject : | The subject matter of the mail to be sent is inserted in it. Attachment - , , , , / , | 25
MB |In email, we can send any document by attachment or we can also send any software, video,
audio, file, image / picture, zipped file. But there is a limit of attachment inside it can be sent by
attaching only 25 MB, if we want to share a larger file, then we can use Google Drive. Upload Any type
of data from other device goes to another server or is transferred to the server then it is called
uploading. In uploading, data is transferred from the client to th e server. | | Download When a file is
transferred from server to system it is called downloading. Data is transferred from server to client in
download. | | Basic of networking and cyber security : 1. Networking devices and protocols , 2. Network
and information security threats (Like hacking , virus, worms, Trojan etc.)and Preventive measure - - | ,
, |Communication means sharing of information. The process by which data, instructions and
information from one computer reach other computers is called data communication. communication
channels | The direction of sending signals between two connected devices is called communication
channel. Communication Channel Simplex Half -duplex Full -duplex 1. Simplex Channel | | | - , In this,
the flow of data is always in the same direction. A communication device can send info rmation. And
the other can receive it, cannot send it back. Example - radio, television 2. Half -Duplex Channel | | - -
The flow of data in this channel is in both the directions. But data can flow in only one direction at a
time. Example - Walky -talky 3. Full-Duplex Channel | - | - , In this channel, the communication of data
takes place in both the directions. Both the channels can exchange data continuously. Example -
mobile phone, video call / | | Connecting/connecting more than one computer through a networking
medium is called network. This connection c an be with wire or without wire. Wired twisted pair cable,
coaxial cable, fiber optical cable Wireless radio wave, infrared wave, Bluetooth, hotspot, WIFI (Wireless
Fidelity) , satellite etc. 3 | 1. LAN Local area network 2. MAN Metropolitan area network 3. WAN Wide
area network PAN personal area network VPN Virtual private network Electronic Banking Electronic
banking means that banking through internet NEFT - National electronic fund transfer RTGS Real Time
Gross Settlement IMPS Immediate Mobile Payment Service Broad band Broadband with | The full
name of Broad Band is Broadband with. - DSL | It is a high -speed internet connection in which DSL is
used. DSL Digital Subscriber Line | It uses telephone lines to connect to the Internet. Wi-fi Broadband -
Difference between broadband and wi -fi Broadband , | Broadband speed is not affected when the
connection increases. Broadband secure | Broadband is a more secure connection. Hot-spot WLAN | It
is a specific location that works on WLAN. ( / / ) / | Inside the Wave browser (a small / tiny / tiny)
program / message. Track and path information of server computer Advantage short time | To save the
information that the server needs . 1. Modem 2. Router 3. Repeaters 4. Hub 5. Gateway 6. Switch 7.
Bridge Full Form of Modem - Modulator demodulator Modem Input Device + Output Device + Network
Device Modem uses telephone lines for communication between two computers. / It is used to transfer
data from one device to another over a telephone line. | / | Data travels in the form of analog in the
telephone line. | Lowlevelsignals Highlevelsignals | Receives low level signals and sends them as High
level signals. |Works to amplify signals. |Repeater is used when a long cable is required to connect the
computers together. Hubs are used to connect multiple computers or networking devices together. Hub
is used to connect different computers in LAN in star topology. | LAN | , - |Gateway connects two
different protocol networks and facilitates the exchange of data. Entry ExitPoint | A gateway acts as an
entry point for one network and an exit point for another. LAN | |Gateway is used to connect two
different network protocols. It works as an authentication check. | |It connects network devices and
systems. It is also called multiport bridge, it can also be used in place of hub in star topology. MAC
Address |Checks MAC Address. MAC Media Access Control |Bridge networking device is used to
connect two similar networks. | Bridge is used to extend the network while maintaining data signals an d
traffic. Router transfers data packets between computer networks. It is also called Intelligent Device. |
Intelligent Device | No. Acronym Full Form 1 WAP Wireless Application Protocol 2 WWL Wireless Local
Laboratory 3 HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 4 HTTPS Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure 5 FTP
File Transfer Protocol 6 POP Post Office Protocol 7 IP Internet Protocol 8 TCP Transmission Control
Protocol 9 ARP Address Resolution Protocol 10 SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 11 SFTP Simple
File Transfer Protocol 12 ISP Internet Service Provider 13 PPP/PPTP Point to point protocol / Point to
point tunneling Protocol 14 IPP Internet Printing Protocol 15 ISP Internet Service Provider 16 ICP
Internet Cache Protocol 17 RAM Random Access Memory 18 DRAM Dynamic Random Access
Memory 19 SDR Single Data Rate 20 DDR Double Data Rate 21 SRAM Static Random Access
Memory 22 ROM Read Only Memory 23 PROM Programmable Read Only Memory 24 EPROM
Erasable Programable Read Only Memory 25 EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programable Read Only
Memory 26 LAN Local Area Network 27 MAN Metropolitan Are Network 28 WAN Wide Area Network
29 PAN Personal Area Network 30 VPN Virtual Private Network 31 VPN Virtual Private Network 32
MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition 33 OCR Optical Character Recognition 34 OMR Optical
Mark Recognition 35 MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition 36 CD Compact Disk 37 DVD Digital
Versatile Disk 38 CC Carbon Copy 39 COBOL Common Business Oriented Language 40 FORTRAN
Formula Translation 41 BASIC Beginners All Purpose symbolic Instruction Code 42 ARPANET
Advanced Research Project Agency Network 43 BCD Binary Coded Decimal 44 BIT BINARY DIGIT 45
ATM Automated Teller Machine 46 BSNL/VSNL Bharat/ Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited 47 CPI
Character Per Inch 48 DPI Dots Per Inch 49 WPM Word Per Minute 50 LPM Lines Per Minute 51 PPM
Page Per Minute 52 BHIM Bharat Interface for Money 53 BINAC Binary Automatic Computer 54 BIOS
Basic Input Output System 55 CRT Cathode Ray Tube 56 C-DAC Centre For Development of
Advanced Computing 57 CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 58 CAL Computer Aided Learning 59
CAD Computer Aided Design 60 CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 61 CMOS Complementary Metal
oxide semiconductor 62 AVI Audio Video Interleave 63 A/D D/A (ADC -DAC) Analog to Digital Digital to
Analog Analog to Digital Converter Digital to Analog Converter 64 ANSI American National Standards
Institute 65 ASIC Application specific Integration Circuit 66 ASCII American Standard Code for
Information Interchange 67 API Application Programming Interface 68 APIPA Automatic Private
Internet Protocol Addressing 69 BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Centre 70 DVR Digital Video
Recorder 71 DTS Digital Theater System 72 DTS Desktop System 73 DTP Desktop Publishing 74 GIF
Graphics Interchange Format 75 PNG Portable Network Graphics 76 JPEG Joint Photographic Expert
Groups 77 DVI Digital Visual Interface 78 DHTML Dynamic Hyper Text Markup Language 79 DMP Dot
Matric Printer 80 DOC Document 81 EDGE Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution 82 EOL End of
Line 83 EOM End of Message 84 E-mail Electronic Mail 85 ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator 86 EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer 87 EDVAC Electronic Discrete
Variable Automatic Computer 88 ERNET Education and Research Network 89 Esc Escape 90 FD/
FDC Floppy disk / Floppy Disk Controller 91 FIFO/FILO First -In, First Out / First -In, Last Out 92 LIFO
Last In First Out 93 FM Frequency Modulation 94 BCPL Basic Combined Programming Language. 95
GBPS Giga -bytes Per Second 96 GIGO Garbage In Garbage Out 97 GPS Global Positioning System
98 GPS General Public License 99 GUI Graphical User Interface 100 CUI/TUI Character User Interface
/ Text User Interface 101 HLL/LLL High Level Language / Low Level Language 102 HTML Hyper Text
Markup Language 103 HP Hewlett Packard 104 HD High Density 105 3D Three Dimension / Three
Dimensional 106 IBM International business Machines 107 IC Integrated Circuit 108 IRC Internet Relay
Chat 109 ISO International Standards Organization 110 IFSC Indian Financial System Code 111 IOS /
iOS Internetwork Operating System / iPhone Operating System 112 IPV4/IPV6 Internet Protocol
Version 4 / Internet Protocol Version 6 113 IT Information Technology 114 JPEG/ JPG Joint
Photographic expert Group 115 KYC Know Your Customer 116 LASER Light Amplification for
stimulated Emission of Radiation 117 LCD Liquid Crystal Display 118 LED Light Emitting Diode 119 LD
Laser Diode 120 MHz Mega Hertz 121 MIDI Musical Instrument digital interface 122 MODEM
Modulator - Demodulator 123 MS Microsoft 124 MIPS Million Instructions Per Second 125 MTNL
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited 126 NICNET National Informatics centre Network 127 NIC
Network Interface Unit 128 NOS Network Operating System 129 OCR/OMR Optical Character
Recognition / Optical Mark Reader 130 OSI Open System Interconnection 131 OSS Open Source
Software 132 OTP One Time Password 133 PCB Printed Circuit Board / Process Control Board 134
PDA Personal Digital Assistant 135 PDF Portable Document Format 136 PPM Page Per Minute 137
PIN Personal Identification Number 138 PNG Portable Network Graphics 139 POST Power on Self
Test 140 QAS Quality Assurance Service 141 RGB / CMYK Red, Green, Blue / Cyan, Magenta, Yellow,
Black 142 RPG Report Program Generator 143 RIP Routing Information Protocol 144 SAN Storage
Area Network 145 SIM Subscriber Identity Module 146 SSI Small -Scale Integration 147 SEO Search
Engine Optimization 148 SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol 149 SIMM Single In -Line Memory Module
150 SAM Sequentially Access Memory 151 TFT Thin -Film Transistor 152 ULSI Ultra Large Scale
Integration 153 UPI Unified Payments Interface 154 UMANG Unified Mobile Application for New -age
Governance 155 URN Uniform Resource Name 156 UPC Universal Product Code 157 VDU Visual
Display Unit/ Video Display Unit 158 VDT Visual Display Terminal / Video Display Terminal 159 VAN
Value Aided Network 160 VCR Video Cassette Reader 161 SSI Small Scale Integration 162 MSI
Medium Scale Integration 163 LSI Large Scale Integration 164 VLSI Very Large Scale Integration 165
ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration 166 VGA Video/Visual Graphics Array 167 Virus Vital Information
resources under seize 168 WIMAX Worldwide Interoperability for microwave Access 169 WLL Wireless
Local Loop | Topology is the shape or layout of any network. | The size by which computers are
connected to each other. 1. Bus Topology 2. Star Topology 3. Ring Topology 4. Mess Topology 5. Tree
Topology 6. Hybrid Topology | In this network all the nodes are connected by a single cable. |
Terminators are attached at the beginning and end of this wire. | Bus topology is used by Ethernet
network. | Coaxial cable is used in bus topology. , | |In star topology, there is a centralized hub, to which
all the computers are connected. Centralized hub is called host computer | There is bidirectional point
to point communication between the central and the workstations. | |The flow of data is in one direction
only. Each device from the ring topology acts as a repeater. In ring topology every possible node is
connected to each other in two directions. - | | In mesh topology each device is connected to every
other device. | One device can send data to all in the network. | It doesn't matter if one is bad. |Privacy
is maintained. | Tree topology has the properties of both star and bus topologies. |This network looks
like a tree. | Twisted leg cable is commonly used by tree topologies. Hierarchical Structure | It is also
called Hierarchical Structure. Interconnection , |Hybrid topology is the interconnection of two or more
basic topologies, each of which is related to the other. | Internet is the biggest example of hybrid
topology. Cyber Security Cyber Security , / , , , |Cyber Security is a type of internet security that protects
you from malware, hackers, or any other type of cyber attacks. |A computer virus is a special type of
software program that is created with the purpose of harming the computer. This virus infects the
computer without the permission of the user, deletes the data and causes damage. It is also called
malware and adware . | Virus is malicious software. |It infects the computer without the permission of
the user. | It spreads through memory and internet. | Virus does not damage the hardware. Vital
Information Resources Under Seize | + Inventors of Virus Fred Cohen + Von Neumann 1. 1971 2. , 3.
Mydoom , 4. Columbus, 5. , 6. C brain 7. Con Ficker 8. 9. I LOVE YOU Malware - , | , |Malware is a type
of software designed to harm a computer, server or network. It is used to steal information, delete files
or damage the device. 2. Trojan , | Trojan can be used to steal personal information, crack passwords.
|It does not copy like a computer virus but opens the way for other viruses. Storm Kyrill, Emotet, I LOVE
YOU, Stuxnet, Cryp to Locker Etc. |Antivirus is used to avoid virus. - , , | Antivirus software, also known
as anti -malware software, is computer software used to detect, prevent and remove malware software.
1. MCA free 2. Kaspersky 3. Avast 4. Bitdefender 5. AVG 6. Norton 7. 360 Security 8. Clean Master 9.
Quick Heal 3. Worm |A computer worm is a type of malware that spreads copies of itself from computer
to computer. Computer Worm E-mail, web page & Chat Message |Computer Worm easily spreads to
other computers in the network through E -mail, web page & Chat Message. Types of worm Email
Worms, Instant Message and chat room worms, Internet Worms, File Sharing Worms Preventive
Measures/ Cyber Safety Tips 1. senders - Do not open email attachments from unknown senders 2. Do
not visit unknown or suspicious websites 3. |Avoid using unsecured WiFi networks in public places. 4. ,
Use strong, unique passwords for accounts and devices 5. Keep Your Antivirus Software and
Operating System Updated Firewall The system designed to prevent unathorized access to or form a
private network Firewall is a combination of both software and hardware devices to permit or deny
network transmission based on a set of rules. In Computing, firewall is a network security system that
monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. ,
SOFTWARE SYSTEM SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM TRANSLATORS APPLICATION
SOFTWARE General Purpose App. Software Customised App. Software UTILITY SOFTWARE
Antivirus Disk Cleanup Tool 1. System Software , , / | | | Without which the computer cannot work, the
programs that are written / made to run the computer, to control it, are called system software. System
software is generally provided by the manufacturer of the computer itself. They work independently
without any assistance. Example Windows, MS DOS, Unix, Zenix , IOS, Android 2. Application
Software user | / | |Which are made for the conven ience of the user. Application software is called
those programs which are written / made to do our actual work. System software is required to run
them, so they are not free. Example MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, Corel Draw, Photoshop,
Page maker, Video Editing Apps Etc. 3. Utility Software | Configure , Troubleshooting Maintenance |
Which increase the speed and capacity of the computer. A computer system is a program or software
that helps in configuring, troubleshooting and maintaining the computer. Ex. Antivirus, File Manager,
Drivers System Software Operating System Translator / Bridge ( interface ) resources operations
|There is a software tha t acts as an interface between the computer and the user, it is a part of the
system software, it is a group of programs that manages the computer's resources and operations. Ex.
MS DOS, UNIX, LINUX, Windows -7, Windows -8 Windows 10 etc. There are two types of operating
system. 1. CUI/ TUI Character User Interface / Text User Interface Example MS-DOS, UNIX, LINUX 2.
GUI - Graphical User Interface Example Windows, MAC, Ubuntu, UNIX GUI Only Keyboard Use Black
Colour Only one window work at a time Command Based Easy Use Easy Understanding Attractiveness
Shortcuts Multitasking Many Windows Open In One Time - Some of the operating systems are as
follows - 1. MS-DOS 2. MS-Windows 3. UNIX 4. LINUX 5. Android 6. IOS Full Form Microsoft Disk
Operating System MS -DOS 86-DOS | Earlier MS -DOS was known as 86 -DOS. 1981 launch | It was
launched in 1981. TUI(CUI) |It works on TUI. , , It did not support multimedia like movies, videos,
games etc. |Only one window was opened at a time. - use | In this, only the keyboard was used, the
mouse was not used. GUI |It works on GUI. GUI Graphics User Interface windows 1983 | Windows was
first announced in 1983 window 1985 |The first window came in 1985 Window 1.0 1985 , MSPaint ,
Window 10 2015 / Window 11 24 June 2021 Full Form Uniplexed Information and Computing System
1969 Bell labs Denise Ritchie | Closed Source OS | Closed Source is the OS. windowsOS , macOS |It
is faster than Windows OS, Mac OS. high security |It has high security. Full Form Loveable Intellect not
Using XP 1991 |Developed by Leiner Torvalds in 1991. opensourceOS |This is open source OS.
Kernelbased | It is Kernel based only. LinuxBasedProgram Ubuntu, Android, Fedore | People of Linux
operating system is a penguin. - |Simultaneous processing of more than two programs by two or more
processors is called multiprocessing. | The ability to run on e or more applications at the same time is
called multitasking. | Provides multiuser operating system allowing more than one user to work at the
same time - Android Human looking operating system Android | Its names are after the food items.
Example - Cupcake, Eclair , , , , , , , , Android Version Etc. Example - Cupcake, Eclair, Donut,
Gingerbread, Ice Cream, Sandwich, Jellybean, KitKat, Lollipop, Oreo Android Version Etc. Error |
Errors found inside the program are called bugs. / /Error | The mistake / inaccuracy / error found in the
software is called bug. Error | Finding the error is called testing. Error Debugging |Finding the error and
correcting it is called Debugging. |If some additional program is given to update the software or app,
then it is called patch. , | Software that is used to find and rectify the inaccuracy. Translator Compiler
Assembler Interpreter 1. Compiler (0,1) | It converts the entire program into an assembled binary
language ( 0,1). - - It reads an entire program at once - | - It points out the mistakes at the end. -
|Converts a program or source code written in a high -level language into machine language. 2.
Assembler | Converts assembly language to binary language. - use |Currently not used. 3. Interpr eter |
Converts only one line to binary language at a time. | It reads the entire program line by line. | It tells the
mistakes only after reading the line Application Software General Purpose Application Software
Customised Application Software Booting / | / |The process of turning on / starting the computer is
called booting. / When the operating system is loaded into RAM. Booting Proces s- |This is a few
seconds process that happens automatically when the computer is powered on. Types of Booting
Proces s- 2 1. Cold Booting | When the computer is on, it is called cold booting. 2. Hot or Warm Booting
| - | |It is also called soft booting. Whenever the computer is restart ed. It is called hot or warm booting.
Computer Software | Computer software is also called computer program or instructions. | A set of
programs or electronic instructions is called software. What is MS Word/ Excel/ Power Point Application
Software / General Purpose Application Software Microsoft Office 1989 | Microsoft Office was started in
1989 by Microsoft Corporation. - 2019 | The current version of Microsoft Office is - 2019. Microsoft
Word | Used to create documents. Microsoft Excel / | It is done in making spreadsheet / calculation is
done for related data. Miscrosoft Power P oint used to make presentations Use of MS Word/ Excel /
Power Point Microsoft Access | It is a database program. How to Open Microsoft Word/Excel/Power
Point Click Start Button All Programs MS Office M.S. Word /M.S. Excel/ M.S. Powerpoint || Run
Command || M.S. Word Winword M.S. Excel Excel M.S. Powerpoint Powerpnt M.S. Paint Pbrush
Notepad Notepad Wordpad Wordpad Calculator Calc Controlpanel Control . . / / Home Menu |When
M.S. When Word / Excel / Power Point is opened, Home Menu opens by default. Default Settings of
MS Word/ Excel/ Power Point M.S. Word / Excel / Power Point 2 | 1. Portrait 2. Landscape Orientation
M.S. Word Portrait Format of orientation by default in [Link] Portrait M.S. Excel Portrait Format of
orientation by default in [Link] Portrait Orientation M.S. Power Point Landscape Format of
orientation by default in [Link] Point Landscape Minimum Maximum Zoom In M.S. Word 10%
500% Zoom In M.S. Excel 10% 400% Zoom Zoom In Power Point 10% 400% For Zoom In Ctrl +
Scrollwheel Up {By Default 100%} For Zoom Out - Ctrl + Scrollwheel Down 2003 2007 To Till Present
M.S. Word .doc .docx M.S. Excel .xls .xlsx Extension Name M.S. Power Point .ppt .pptx M.S. Access
.mdb .accdb | Our file is identified by the extension. |It is always attached at the end of the file.
Extension Point ( .) |Start of Extension. happens from Extension Name |It helps us to identify the type of
file. Note - M.S. Office 2007 2010 | Note - M.S. Office extensions changed in 2007 but by default since
2010. 1. .txt Plain Text File 2. .Mp3 Mp3 Audio File 3. .Mp4 MpEG Video File 4. .bmp Bitmap Image File
Extension Name 5. .gif Graphical Interchange Format File 6. .jpg JPEG Image (Joint Photographic
Expert Group) 7. .png Portable Network Graphic 8. .pdf Portable Document Format File 9. .Zip Zipped
File (Compressed File) 10. .fnt Font File 11. .pdb Program data base 12. .mdb Microsoft Access
Database 13. .exe Installation File 2003 2007 Microsoft Word Times New Roman 12 Pt. Calibri 11 Pt.
Default Font & Size Microsoft Excel Arial 10 Pt. Calibri 11 Pt. M.S. Power Point Arial Calibri 18 Pt. . . / / |
This M.S. Word / Excel / Power Point has a topmost bar. | Title Bar in MS Word/ Excel / Power Point It
shows the name of the currently working file and the extension of the file. Minimize, Maxmize/Restore |
To the right of the title bar are the Minimize, Maxmize/Restore and Close buttons. Quick Access
Toolbar | - | ( ) |The Quick Access Toolbar is on the left side of the title bar. It has different buttons.
Which w e can customize according to our own. Quick Access Toolbar In MS Word/Excel/PowerPoint
Undo, Redo, Save | It usually contains Undo, Redo, Save . Minimize , To move an open file, folder, or
software to the bottom of the task bar Alt + Space Maximize / Restore / Full page or to restore
minimized file/folder Close , / To close an open file/folder/software by | The taskbar is a thin rectangular
bar at the bottom of the window desktop. The default position of the taskbar is set to the bottom. Task
Bar in MS Word/ Excel / Power Point , , , , | Start button on the left side of the taskbar and calendar,
clock, network, sound, noti fication etc. are visible on the right side. , , | |In the middle of the taskbar, the
software, folders, files that are currently open are visible. Or we have pinned to open quickly. MS Word
-File, Home, Insert, Draw, De sign, Layout s,References, Mailings, Review , View . MS Excel File,
Home, Insert, Layout, Formulas, Data, Review, View, Help . MS Powerpoint File, Home, Draw, Design,
Transitions,Animations, Slide Show, Record, Review, View Alt + F = File Alt + M = Formula (In Excel)
Alt + H = Home Alt + W = View Alt + N = Insert F1 = Help Alt + JI = Draw Alt + K = Transitions Alt + G =
Design Alt + A = Animations Alt + P = Layout Alt + S = Slide Show Alt + S = References Alt + M =
Mailings (In Word) New - To get a new page or new file Open - To open a saved work or a saved file
Info- To get your file information Save - / (Save ) To save your work / created file Save As - / (Save ) To
save the same file with different name / To save one file in another place Print to print the work done
Print Preview - To see how the print will look before you print your work Share to share a file Export to
change the file type / to change file in to pdf Close to close the file Undo / To rectify a mistake made / to
restore the work done Redo / undo To restore the work done by undo Collapse the ribbon To hide the
ribbon tab Cut - Copy - Paste Format Painter - , , | Find - to find the word Replace - to search and
replace word Go to - to jump to a line page or paragraph Select to select Ctrl + A MS Word & Power
Point , , | Editing group commands of MS Word & Power Point have Find, Replace, Select options
Excel , , , , fill, Sort, Clear | Excel's editing group commands have Find, Replace, Select, Auto Sum, Fill,
Clear options. DrawMenu , M.S. Word &PowerPoint; | Draw Menu, M.S. Happens in Word & Power
Point. Excel DrawMenu |Draw Menu is not found in Excel. Pencil, Eraser, Brush Etc. Microsoft |
Microsoft is the largest software company in the world. H.Q. ( . . , U.S.A) Redmond (Washington D.C.,
U.S.A) Establishment 4 April 1975 Founder of Microsoft -Bill Gates, Paul Allen Microsoft Package
Application Software -It is an application software that works in a group, the software coming under it -
1. M.S. Word - use in wordprocessing 2. M.S. Excel - use in mathematical calculation 3. M.S. Power
point -Use in Presentation 4. M.S. Access Use in create data base 5. M.S. Publisher 6. M.S. Outlook 7.
M.S. Sky drive Application Software An Application Suite (Package) Closed source software Microsoft
word 1.0 Launched on October 1983 M.S. Word windows version 1989 - M.S. Office MS Office 2021
2022 |The latest version of Office is MS Office 2021 which was launched in October 2022. M.S. Office
97 M.S. Office 2000 M.S. Office 2003 M.S. Office 2007 , 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 2007 MS WORD
Extension Name [.doc] 2007 [.docx] | MSOfficesuite -It is part of MS Office suite - . . , , , , , , |M.S. Word
i s a type of word processing software, which is used for creating, editing documents, printing, editing,
typing, creating PDF and saving documents. File Home Insert Draw Design Layout References
Mailings Review View Office Tab Help Clipboard Font Paragraph Styles Editing Font - Font Size -
[1-1638 ] Font Size from Drop Down List [8-72] Increase Font Size - Ctrl + Shift + > Decrease Font Size
- Ctrl + Shift + < Increase Font Size 1 Point Ctrl +] Decrease Font Size 1 Point - Ctrl +[ Bold To thicken
the letters Italic - to obliterate written letters Underline - to underline below the text Strikethrough - for
the line in the middle of the written Subscript 2 Superscript - 2 Font Colour - / To change the color of the
font / text Text Highlight Colour to highlight text Clear All Formatting - to eliminate all change Change
Case - . . Change Case 5 | 1. Sentence case first letter of sentence is capital 2. lower case all letters
small 3. UPPERCASE all letters capital 4. Title Case / Capitalize Each Word capitalize the first letter of
each word 5. tOOGLEcASE the first letter of each word is small, the rest capital . . Alignment 4 Left
Alignment to write on the lefthand side Centre Alignment to write on the righthand side Right Alignment
to write in the mid dle Justify Alignment to write equally on both sides Bullets for automatic point
Numbering for automatic numbering Line and Paragraph Spacing to increase or decrease the distance
between two lines in a paragraph Shading for colour behind written text Border for the border around
the typed text Sort to put in ascending or descending order A Z , Z A , 1 -9, 9-1 Increase Indent to move
forward writing space Decrease Indent to bring back the writing space 1. Page Theme to change the
theme of the page 2. Page Colour to change page colour 3. Water Mark mark to put water mark on the
page 4. Page Border to place a border around the page Pages Tables Illutrations Media Links
Comment Header & Footer Text Symbols Blank Page to take new page in same file Page Break / to
break the page from the middle / move the work below where the debtor is to the next page Cover Page
Cover Page For cover page Table Column + Row Minimum 1 Column: 1 Row Maximum 63 Column:
32767 Row 1. Pictures 2. Shapes 3. Icons 4. 3D Models 5. Smart Art 6. Chart 7. Screenshot Hyperlink
(Blue Colour Link) Ctrl + Click open / Hyperlink (Blue Color Key Link) open / open by pressing Ctrl +
Click in hand shape . . | Another file To bring it in the form of a link in Word and when you want to see it,
you can see it by clicking with the control key on the hyperlink. | Bookmark that place or word or
numberFinds what you want easily. | To make a comment about a word or sentence, we will see this
comment when we move our mouse over that word. Header Header Header is used at the top of the
page and the header we put automatically comes to all the pages of the file. Footer Footer Footer is
used at the bottom of the page and the footer we put automatically comes to all the pages of the
spread. Page Number to enter an automatic page number on each page Text Box to write text inside
the box so that it can be carried around Word Art - By this the text is made decorative or decorated
Object - M.S. Word M.S. To work for some time in another software while in Word Drop cap o capitalize
the opening letter to make the paragraph look attractive Drop cap 3 -None, Dropped, In Margin A for
apple A for Airplane Signature Line / Date & Time Signature Line to make a Signature Line or to fetch
the date and time T A Symbols - to pick up different types of symbols Equation Equation to make
equation Alt + = For insert Equation Page Setup Margins, Orientation, Size, Columns Paragraph
Indent, Spacing Arrange Position, Wrap Text, Bring Forward, Send Backward, Group, Rotate MS Word
margins 5 - 1. Top Margin 2. Bottom Margin 3. Left Margin 4. Right Margin 5. Gutter Margin Spiral
Binding or pasting of pages By Default Margin - Normal In this we select the page size Page Size Legal
Size = (8.5 x 11) inches A4 Size = (8.27 x 11.69) inches = (297 x 210) mm A3, B4, Executive, Letter
Macros Pre-defined Settings Frequently used task | Macro | It is a recording tool that records our work
and repeats it again in the same sequence when we run. Reference Tab -There are six parts of the
Reference Tab -Table of contents, Footnotes,Citations & Bibliography, Captions, index, table of
authorities. Search | It shows the information related to the work you have done according to your
content by searching the Internet - and is also used to find any word. Footnote Note that appears at the
end of each page of the document Endnote Note , |Note appearing immediately after the text, it is
appended to the end of the file. , , , 5 - Create, Start Mail Merge, Write & Insert Fields, Preview, Finish.
This tab contains the commands that are used to create email, letter and web message documents, it
has 5 parts - Create, Start Mail Merge, Write & Insert Fields, Preview, Finish. Mail Merge - | - , , Mail
merge is used to send a letter to more than one person. Such as admit card, invitation letter, office
letter , , | Commands related to checking spelling and mak ing other corrections in the document are
given in this tab, if you want that no one can type in the document without me, then you can also put a
lock, and you want my written document to be saved. If someone changes, then we come to know
about it, then th at too can be done with the help of this tab. Spelling & Grammar - |Through this, wrong
spelling is checked and more words related to it are brought up. Thesaurus - |With its help, it shows
more words related to the word that is thrown. Other Important Facts . . , There are two types of
formatting in Word Character Formatting, Paragraph Formatting. Enterkey |Enter key is used to go to
the new paragraph in the document. by | Select the option that is related to the third position in the
same way as the second is related to the first . When we M.S. When we open the word, by default
margins are normal. . . by | When we M.S. When you open Word, by default the layout is the print
layout. . . by | Format painter is the function by clicking on which the cursor turns into a paint brush. |
Red Line - Spelling Error | If there is a spelling error in the typed paragraph or word, a red line appears
below it. Green Line - Grammar Error , | If there is a Grammar Error in the typed paragraph or line, then
a green line appears below the word. Blue Line Grammar & Spelling Error | When both Grammar &
Spelling Error are together then blue line comes. Selecting Text . . | In M.S. Word To select a word in
Word, double click on that word. . . | In M.S. Word To select a paragraph in Word, click on that
paragraph three times. M.S. Word ctrl+ | M.S. To select a sentence in Word, you have to press ctrl +
left click. HomeButton EndB utton |The Home button is used to go to the beginning of the line and the
End button is used to go to the last. Document Ctrl + Home Key Document Ctrl + End Key |Ctrl + Home
Key is used to go to the beginning of the document and Ctrl + End Key is used to go to the end of the
document. Auto Text Auto Correct Tool MSWord by name | In MS Word, the by default name of a file is
document. ViewMenu | The function of the Split option in the View menu is to split the window into two
parts. = X Total number of cells in the table = number of rows X number of columns Merge Cell merge
two or more cells into one Split Cell dividing a cell into more than one cell M.S. Excel Spreadsheet
program | M.S. Excel is a Spreadsheet program. M.S. Excel, Microsoft Office | M.S. Excel is a part of
Microsoft Office. Spreadsheet, worksheet | This software is used to create Spreadsheet, Worksheet
and Tables. Workbook: Collect ion of worksheet / Spreadsheets MSExcel by name | In MS Excel, the
by default name of a file is Workbook. 1. Database 2. DataOrganize 3. DataStore 4. Data Analysis 5.
DataEntry M.S. Excel M.S. Excel Starting 1. By Run Command Window + R = Excel Enter Key 2. Start
Button All Programs Microsoft Office Excel 3. Task Bar Excel M.S. Excel by default Book 1 Work Book
1 Save | M.S. In Excel, if you do not save the file with any name, then by default it is saved as Book 1 or
Work Book 1. M.S. Excel 31 Character | M.S. The file name in Excel is of 31 Characters. Microsoft
Excel Version 1 1985 Microsoft Excel Version 12 2007 {Extension Name Change, No. Of Column &
Rows Changed} Microsoft Excel Version 14 2010 {Sparkline Graphics, Pivot Table slicers, and a 64bit
version} Microsoft Excel Version 18 - 2021 Extension Name ofM.S. Excel2003 .xls Extension Name
ofM.S. Excel2007,2010,2013,2016,2019 .xlsx Font By Default Font, Font Size In 2003 Arial, 10 pt. By
Default Font, Font Size In 2007, 2010,2013,2016,2019 - Calibri 11 pt. Minimum Font Size 1 pt.
Maximum Font Size 409 pt. Row & Column in MS Excel 2003 Row : 65536 Column: 256 [IV] Row &
Column in MS Excel 2007,2010,2013,2016,2019 Row: 1048576 Column: 16384 [XFD] For Go to First
Column = A = Ctrl + Left Arrow For Go to Last Column = XFD = Ctrl + Right Arrow For Go to First Row
= Ctrl + Up Arrow For Go to Last Row = Ctrl + Down Arrow Sheet Tab MS Excel 2003,2007,2010,2013
Total 3 Sheets (By Default) MS Excel 2016,2019 , 2021 Total 1 Sheet (By Default) | |The number of
sheets can be increased or decreased as per the requirement. And their name and color can also be
changed accordingly. , | The sheet is divided into row and column. M.S. Excel Worksheet & | |M.S.
Excel Worksheet is made up of Row & Column. The division of row and column is called Cell. Row &
Column Cell |The food made by cutting of Row & Colum n is called Cell. 32767 | what is the maximum
number of character that can be typed in a cell of ms excel MS Excel Basic Building Block Cell | Basic
Building Block of MS Excel is called. Cell While writing a cell address, first write the column and then
the row, like A:1 M.S. Excel A1 D6 ? M.S. Which option shows the range A 1to D6in Excel? - A1:D6 the
maximum size of column width in MS -Excel 2010 -255 MS-Excel 2010 255 1. Excel Right Alignment | If
you write the number in Excel, then Right Alignment comes. 2. Excel Text Left Alignment Start | If you
write text in Excel, then writing starts with Left Alignment. 3. MS Excel Total 6 Alignment | There are
total 6 alignments in MS Excel. I. Top II. Middle III. Bottom IV. Left V. Center VI. Right Shift Button | / |If
you select any other cell by pressing Shift Button, then the range will be selected, all the cells that will
come in between will be counted. CtrlButton / | We can select different cells by pressing Ctrl Button.
Status bar . . zoom | The status bar of MS Excel shows the total and average of the cell on the left side
and the zoom slider and view button on the left side. M.S. Excel Menu Bar 9 | There Are total 9 tabs in
the Menu Bar of M.S. Excel. 1. File 6. Data 2. Home 7. Review 3. Insert 8. View 4. Page Layout 9. Help
5. Formulas Font The option of border around the cell is given inside the font command group of Excel.
Alignment - Increase Indent - Decrease Indent - Merge & Center - Orientation - Wrap Text Wrap Text | /
| When we type something in E xcel and it goes out of a cell, we use Wrap Text to set it in the same
cell. / Text appears below the text. Wrap Text Alignment Ribbon | The option of Wrap Text comes in the
Alignment Ribbon of the Home tab of the menu bar. Merge & Center - Split Cell |Combine two or more
selected cells using Merge and Center to create a single cell and after merging cells, a cell can be
divided into one or more parts with the help of Split Cell. Merge & Centre Alignment Ribbon | The option
of Merge & Centre comes in the Alignment Ribbon of the Home tab of the menu bar. Numbers - By
Default General | Any such menu by clicking on which a list appears long, it is called drop down menu
or pull down menu. Styles | |Using this, cells can be converted into table [Link] this, different desi
gns and styles are given. Cells Cells Ribbon 3 Insert, Delete, Format Insert , , | A new row, column, or
sheet is inserted using this. Delete - , , Delete | Using this, row, column, or sheet is deleted. Format , , (
/ ) | Using this, the format (size/length and width) of a row, colum n, or sheet is changed. | |Whatever
text or number or formula we type, it shows us in the formula [Link] we can also change or edit it from
the formula bar itself. | The data written in the active cell also appears in the formula bar. | | The name
box shows the address of the cell. Here by entering the address of our cell, we can also go directly to
that cell. Select - A -Column ,1-Row | To select an entire column, it can be done by clicking on the
header of the name of that column, similarly to select an entire row, by clicking on the name of the row,
the entire row can be selecte d and all the rows and To select a column, you can select A-Column on
the left hand side by clicking on a box before 1-Row. Excel Name Box | Every cell in Excel has its own
address which appears in the Name Box. | A rectangular group of cells in a worksheet is called a cell
range. M.S. Excel ColumnVertically, & Row Horizontally | M.S. Column Vertically, & Row Horizontally
are there in Excel. / / | Numbers and formulas/formulas entered in the cells of Excel are called numeric
entries/numeric entries. | Formula bar displays the contents of the active cell in Excel. , , ,undo ,redo
MSExcel 2010 |Formula bar displays the contents of the active cell in Excel. Edit menu is selected in
MS Excel 2010 for cut, copy, paste, undo, redo. |The name given by the user to the document or the
name with which it is saved is called fi lename. Excel | Charts can be created using the Chart Wizard in
Excel. | The horizontal and vertical lines on a worksheet are called gridlines. | Click the left edge of the
cell to select an entire row in the table. 1. Tables 5. Tours 9. Text 2. Illutrations 6. Sparklines 10.
Equation 3. Add-ins 7. Filters & Symbol 4. Charts 8. Links 1. Themes 4. Sheet Options 2. Page Setup
5. Arrange 3. Scale to Fit 1. Workbook Views 4. Window 2. Show 5. Macros 3. Zoom Freeze Panes
Freeze |With the help of this, we can freeze one or more columns or rows, that is, when you scroll left,
right or up -down the data of a cell, the column or row you freeze will be visible to you, regardless of the
data. No matter how much you move up and down here and there. 1. Proofing 4. Language 7. Ink 2.
Accessibility 5. Comments 3. Insights 6. Protect Workbook Statistics |Here we can see how much work
we have done, which is the last row or column in which we have worked. Smart Lookup Review Tab
Insights ribbon | Smart lookup | This option is found in the Insights ribbon of the Review tab. With the
help of this, when we select our data or text and click on Smart Lookup, then the information related to
it c omes by automatically searching the photos. Protect |By this we can lock our sheet or work book so
that no one can mak e any changes in it without your permission or without password. Formula Menu
Bar Autosum, Financial, Logical, Text, Date & Time, Lookup& Reference, Math & Trigonometry, More
Functions . 1. M.S. Excel Formula = | M.S. It is mandatory to put = before using any formula on Excel.
2. M.S. Excel # | The # sign appears when there is a formula error in Excel. 3. = answer |For general
type of calculation or calculation, after typing = after calculation, the answer comes. 4.
Formula/Function : | : is used to give the range while applying the Formula/Function. =32/2^4/2 =8/4/2
-2/2 =sum(2^3,1 -2/2) FORMULA FORMAT =SUM(A1,A2,A3) =SUM(A1:A3) 1. SUM =
=SUM(number1,Number2) or =SUM(Number1:Number2) Ex- = SUM(2634+6420) 2. PRODUCT =
=PRODUCT(number1,number2) Ex- =PRODUCT(36,23) 3. AVERAGE = =AVERAGE(A1:A2) Ex-
=AVERAGE(100,500,400,200) 4. MINIMUM = To find the smallest value in a range of cells
=Min(A1:A10) or =Min(number1:number2) Ex- = Min(102,45,69,78,36,19) 5. MAXIMUM = To find the
largest value in a range of cells =Max(A1:A10) or =Max(number1:number2) Ex- =
Max(58,95,69,47,63,12,36,45) 6. POWER = =POWER(Number,Power) Ex- =POWER(2,10) ? 7. SQRT
= to find the square root =SQRT(number) Ex- =SQRT(36) ? 8. MOD = gives a remainder
=MOD(Number,divisor) Ex- = MOD( 30/7) ? 9. MEDIAN = to find the median
=MEDIAN(number1,number2) or MEDIAN(number1:number2) Ex- = MEDIAN(28,42,36,24,30) ? 10.
FLOOR = | In this, two numbers are given, the number up to which the first number is completely
divisible by the second number is the answer. =FLOOR(number1,significance) Ex- = FLOOR(50,3) ?
11. CEILING = |In this, two numbers are given, the number next to which the fi rst number is completely
divisible by the second number is the answer. = CEILING(number1,significance) Ex- =CEILING(50,3) ?
12. FACT= Factorial |This is done to find the factorial. =FACT(Number1) Ex- =FACT(5) ? 13. ABS =
Absolute | / This is done to find the absolute value. / to convert a negative value to a positive
=ABS(number) Ex- = ABS( -18) ? 14. EVEN = ( |) { |} To make the odd even even (increasing the odd
number by one to make it even.) {The minus sign will have no effect.} =EVEN(number) Ex- =EVEN(17)
? 15. ODD = ( |) { |} To make an even number odd (increasing an even number to odd number if given)
{Minus sign will not have any effect.} =ODD(numbe r) Ex- = ODD(20) ? 16. NOW = for current time and
date =NOW() Ex- =NOW() 17. TODAY = for today's date =TODAY() Ex- =TODAY() 1. MMULT =
MMULT Row Column Matrix |Through the MMULT formula, you can calculate the matrix of any row and
column value on your excel sheet. 2. EXACT = EXACT | True False |EXACT formula is used to
compare the text written inside any two columns. Will give True answer if they are exactly the same
otherwise False will give answer. 3. COUNT = Count Function Cells Rang e |Count Function is used to
count the number present in a cell or range. 4. COUNTA= COUNTA Function Cells Range , , , |/
Non-Blank |COUNTA Function is used to count numbers, text, logical values, error values and empty
text present in a cell or range. / Counts the number of non -blank cells in a range. 5. ROUND =
=ROUND(Numbers,numberdigit) Ex- =ROUND(950.4697,2) .50 1 .50 )|.50 or more then complete will
be 1 if value is less than . 50 then subsequent number will be dropped). 6. ROUNDUP = |
=ROUNDUP(numbers,number_digit) Ex- =ROUNDUP(50.42,1) 7. ROUNDDOWN = |
=ROUNDUP(numbers,number_digit) Ex- =ROUNDDOWN(50.42,1) 8. ROMAN = | Converts a number
to Roman. Get & Transformer Data | To get data from another file. Sort A Z Z A Dictionary Wise Data
Set To set Dictionary Wise Data from A to Z and from Z to A Filter File Table Filter | To use Filter in the
table made in the file, with the help of this one or two particular information can be easily seen. Outline -
| We get the option of Outline in the Data menu. Group - | By group we make a group of two or more
rows or columns. Ungroup | By ungroup, we separate the grouped row or column. Pivot Table | Pivot
Table , | We get the option of Insert in the menu bar. With the help of Pivot Table, you can easily
analyze important information from a large, data. Cell Select A1 C5 A1 C5 _____ | If we are on A1 cell
and click on C 5 cell with shift button then all cells between A 1 to C5 will get selected their number wi ll
be _____. Ctrl | If we want to select different cells instead of cell range, then we have to click on those
cells with Ctrl button. Shift | If we want to select a range of cells continuously, then we have to use the
arrow keys along with Shift. Total Number of Cell in MS Excel 2003 = 65536*256 = 16,777,216 Total
Number of Cell in MS Excel 2010 = 1048576*16384 = 17,179,869,184 M.S. Excel | M.S. There are 'IF
errors' in Excel. Logical Function | (&) Used to combine text in MS Excel. ampersand (&) | Shift + F3
Short keys are used to enter a function in MS Excel. Shift + F3 _____ | Receiving data from a cell of a
separate sheet is called _____ Referencing | $ Which special character is used in front of column and
row numbers to prevent automatic relative cell reference? dollar $ Shell is the only feature of Unix | The
width of the fields and the length of the row are measured in the MS Excel program. inches __ $ __
symbol is used in absolute cell $ Extend Code / F8 Used to turn on/off Extend Code F8 , A single row
representing a single record is called a tuple - $The row number or column in a specified cell address is
displayed before the table - $ F1 = Help F2 = Edit the selected cell (Activated cell) F5 = Go to a specific
Cell F7 = Spell check selected text /or document F9 = Calculate the worksheet in workbook F11 =
Create Chart from selected Data ( Bar Chart) F12 = Save as Ctrl + F1 = Show/Hide the Ribbon
(Submenu of menu bar) Ctrl + F2 = Print Preview Ctrl + F3 = Name Manager Dialog Box Ctrl + F9 =
Minimize the workbook Ctrl + F10 = Maximize the workbo ok Ctrl + Shift + ; = Current Time Ctrl + ; =
Current Date Ctrl + 0 = Hide Select Column Ctrl + 9 = Hide Select Row Ctrl + Shift + 9 = Unhide Row
Ctrl + Shift + 0 = Unhide Column Ctrl + 1 = Open the format cell Dialog box Ctrl + 2 = Bold Ctrl + 3 =
Italic Ctrl + 4 = Underline Ctrl + 5 = To Apply/Remove Strikethrough 2000 Shift + F11 = Insert a new
worksheet Shift + F3 = Display Insert Function Dialog box Shift + F5 = Bring up search box Arrow Keys
= Move One cell at a time Tab = Move one cell to the right Shift + Tab = Move one cell to the left Delete
= Remove selected cell contents Esc = Cancel Entry in a cell or formula Home = Move to beginning a
row Page Down = Move one screen down Page up = Move one screen up Ctrl + = Display cell values
on formulas Ctrl + + Insert Cell/ Column/ Row Ctrl + - Delete Cell/ Column/ Row Ctrl + Home = Move to
beginning of a worksheet Ctrl + End = Move to the last cell with contents Shift + Spacebar = Select
entire row Ctrl + Spacebar = Select Entire Column Ctrl + Shift + $ = Apply Currency Format Ctrl + Shift
+ % = Apply Percentage Format Alt + = Insert the auto Sum formula Alt + Shift + F1 = Insert new
worksheet Enter Accept & Apply Enter to move from the current cell to the bottom cell Shift + Enter to
move to a cell above the current cell Tab to go to the right -hand cell of the current cell Shift + Tab To
go to the left -hand cell of the current cell Esc. Cancel and close the dialog box Ctrl + D / Ctrl +
Duplicate the data from the cell above you have selected Ctrl + T / Ctrl + L Create Table 3 | ,F2 , Power
Point | Power Point is a graphic presentation program. | It is also used in business presentation. Power
Point Presentation Slide Show | Presentation in Power Point is displayed as Slide Show. Power Point
Power Point DesignTemplet Slide Show |The shape and size of Slide Show can be changed by using
Design Template in Powerpo int. Power Point Presentation is a collection of Slides. Power Point Slide
Indicator | After opening Power Point, Slide Indicator is present on the left side which displays the title
and number of the upcoming slide. F5 Esc. |F5 is used to do a slide show in Power Point and Esc is
used to c lose the slide show. button is pressed. Power Point | A black slide in Power Point indicates
the end of the presentation. / Handout Master |To add header/feeder in Microsoft Power Point, go to
Insert or Handout Master is used. , |Auto Content Wizard is a feat ure in Power Point that allows users
to create simple presentations without spending a lot of time. Thumbnail | Transition | | Used to
introduce slides in a presentation. How to change slide Hide Slide Presentation Slide Show |By sliding
Hide, it will not be visible at the time of Presentation Slide Show. Animation , , Animations Active
Presentation Ctrl + Shift + N Ctrl + Shift + N in Power Point to Duplicate the Active Presentation
Duplicate Slide Ctrl + D New Slide Ctrl + M Ruler Shift + Alt + F9 Gridlines Shift + F9 Font Dialogbox -
Ctrl + T Slide Show F5 Slide Show From Present Slide Shift + F5 Power Point Tab | Tab is used to go
to the next hyperlink in Power Point . Change Case |Change Case option is not there in Power Point. 1.
File Menu 8. Slide Show Menu 2. Home Menu 9. Record Menu 3. Insert Menu 10. Review Menu 4.
Draw Menu 11. View Menu 5. Design Menu 12. Office Tab 6. Transitions Menu 13. Help 7. Animations
Menu Menu Bar Clipboard Slides Font Paragraph Drawing Editing Home Menu Insert Menu Draw
Menu Design Menu Transition Menu Animations Slide Show Record Review View Power Point / Status
Bar of powerpoint Slide Number Left Side Zoom Slider Right Side Notes Option, Comments Option,
Normal/ Slides/ Sorter / Reading View | Notes Option, Comments Option, Normal / Slides / Sorter /
Reading View are all these options