ASSIGNMENT ON RAY OPTICS
1. Use the mirror formula to show that a.) for an object placed between f and 2f for a
concave mirror the image will form beyond 2f. b.) for an object placed within the
focal point of a convex mirror, the image formed is virtual and diminished. c.) for an
object placed within the focal point of a concave mirror the image is virtual and
magnified.
2. A 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm.
Give the location of the image and magnification. Describe what happens as the
needle is moved farther from the mirror.
3. Draw a schematic diagram of a single optical fibre structure. Explain its working and
one application.
4. For the same value of angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in three media A, B
and C are 15°, 25° and 35° respectively. In which medium would the velocity of light
be minimum?
5. A ray of light passing through an equilateral triangular glass prism from air undergoes
minimum deviation when angle of incidence is 3/4 of the angle of prism. Calculate
th
the speed of light in the prism.
6. A liquid of r.i 1.5 is poured into a cylindrical jar of radius 20 cm, upto a height of 20
cm. A small bulb is lighted at the centre of the bottom of the bottom of the jar. Find
the area through which the light comes out on the surface?
7. Derive a relation between the object distance, image distance , radius of curvature and
refractive index of a spherical convex glass surface, when the object lies in the rarer
medium and the image formed is virtual.
8. A spherical surface of radius 30 cm separates two transparent media A and B with r.i
1.33 and 1.48 respectively. The medium A is on the convex side of the surface. Where
should a point object be placed in medium A so that the paraxial rays become parallel
after refraction at the surface?
9. Derive Lens Maker’s formula for a diverging lens.
10. What is normal shift? Derive an expression for it . while determining the r.i of a liquid
experimentally, the microscope was focused at the bottom of a beaker, when its
reading was 3.965 cm. on pouring the liquid upto a height 2.537 cm inside the beaker,
the reading of the refocussed microscope was 3.348 cm. Find the refractive index of
the liquid.
11. If the r.i from air to glass is 3/2 and that from air to water is 4/3, find the ratio of
focal lengths of a glass lens in water and in air.
12. A converging lens of refractive index 1.5 and of focal length 15 cm in air has the
same radii of curvature for both sides. if it is immersed in a liquid of r.i 1.7, calculate
the focal lengths of the lens in the liquid.
13. An illuminated object and a screen are placed 90 cm apart. What is the focal length
and nature of the lens required to produce a clear image on the screen, twice the size
of the object?
14. Calculate the distance d, so that a real image of an object at O, 15 cm in front of a
convex lens of focal length 10 cm be formed at the same point O. the radius of
curvature of the mirror is 20 cm, will the image be inverted or erect?
15. A compound microscope uses an objective lens of focal length 4 cm and eyepiece lens
of focal length 10 cm. An object is placed at 6 cm from the objective lens. Calculate the
magnifying power of the compound microscope. Also calculate the length of the microscope.
16. A giant refracting telescope at an observatory has an objective lens of focal length 15
m. If an eyepiece lens of focal length 1.0 cm is used, find the angular magnification of the
telescope.
If this telescope is used to view the moon, what is the diameter of the image of the moon
formed by the objective lens? The diameter of the moon is 3.42 × 10 m and the radius of the
6
lunar orbit is 3.8 × 10 m.
6
17. Two monochromatic rays of light are incident normally on the
face AB of an isosceles right angled prism ABC. The refractive indices
of the glass prism for the two rays ‘1’ and ‘2’ are respectively 1.35 and
1.45. Trace the path of these rays entering through the prism.
18. Find an expression for the equivalent focal length, when two thin lenses of focal
length f and f are placed in contact with each other.
1 2
19. Two lenses of powers 10D and – 5D are placed in contact. Calculate the power of the
new lens, where should an object be held from the lens so as to obtain a virtual image of
magnification of 2?
20. A convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 1.5 is dipped, in turn, in
(i) a medium of refractive index 1.65,
(ii) a medium of refractive index 1.33.
(a) Will it behave as a converging or a diverging lens in the two cases?
(b) How will its focal length change in the two media?
21. A compound lens is made of two lenses having powers of +15.5 D and – 5.5 D. An
object of 3cm height is placed at a distance of 30 cm from this compound lens. Find the size
of the image.
22. Plot a graph showing the nature of variation of i with δ.
Hence define angle of minimum deviation. Derive an expression for the r.i of the
material of a prism in terms of the angle of prism and the angle of minimum
deviation.
23. Explain why violet light shows maximum deviation and red light minimum, when
allowed to pass through a prism.
24. A ray of light incident on an equilateral glass prism, µ = √3, moves parallel to the
g
base of the prism, inside it. What is the angle of incidence for this ray?
25. Draw the ray diagram for image formation in each of the following cases:
a. When the image forms at the near point and at normal adjustment for a simple
microscope
b. When the image forms at the near point and at normal adjustment for a compound
microscope
c. When the image forms at the near point and at normal adjustment for a refracting type
telescope.
26. Draw the ray diagram for a Cassegrain type reflecting telescope. Why is it preferred
over a refracting type?
27. A compound microscope is made using a lens of focal length 10 mm as objective and
another lens of focal length 15mm as eyepiece. An object is held at 1.1 cm from the objective
and the final image is formed at infinity. Calculate the distance between the objective and the
eyepiece
28. Answer the following short questions:
a. How the image of a candle is going to be affected, if an equiconvex lens is cut into
two halves, a. transversely b. longitudinally.
b. If the wavelength of incident light on a (i) concave mirror and (ii) convex lens is
increased, how will the focal length of each of these change?
c. Show graphically how m varies with v for a lens.
d. Why on a clear day, the sky appears to be bluish in shade?
e. In a telescope, the objective has a large aperture , why?
f. A ray of light fall on a 60 prism, under minimum deviation condition. Find the
0
relation between i and e.
5 marks questions:
1. A convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 1.5 is dipped, in turn, in (i) a
medium of refractive index 1.65, (ii) a medium of refractive index 1.33. (a) Will it
behave as a converging or a diverging lens in the two cases? (b) How will its focal
length change in the two media?
You are given three lenses L1, L2 and L3 each of focal length 20 cm, placed co axially
one after another. An object is kept at 40 cm in front of L1 . The final real image is
formed at the focus of L3 . Find the separations between L1 , L2 and L3. (3+2)
2. A fish in a water tank sees the outside world as if it (the fish) is at the vertex of a cone
such that the circular base of the cone coincides with the surface of water. Given the
depth of water, where fish is located, being ‘h’ and the critical angle for water-air
interface being IC, find out by drawing a suitable ray diagram the relationship between
the radius of the cone and the height ‘h’.
3. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object placed on the
axis of a convex refracting surface, of radius of curvature ‘R’, separating the two
media of refractive indices “n1 and ‘n2 ‘ (n2 > n1). Use this diagram to deduce the
relation n2/v− n1/u= (n2− n1) /R, where u and v represent respectively the distance of
the object and the image formed.
(2+3)
4. Define power of a lens. Write its S.L units. Two thin convex lenses of focal lengths f1
and f2 are placed in contact coaxially. Derive the expression for the effective focal
length of the combination. Draw a ray diagram showing the path of a ray of light
entering through a triangular glass prism. Deduce the expression for the refractive
index of glass prism in terms of the angle of minimum deviation and angle of the
prism. (1+2+2)
5. Show that the least possible distance between an object and its real image in a convex
lens is 4f where f is the focal length of the lens.
If a convex lens of focal length f is placed between an object and a screen, separated
by distance d, and if m is the magnification of the image then prove that
f = md/ (1+m)2.