Basic Computer Science

Professor: Heder Vieira de Lima

Summary

Summary........................................................................................................................................2
Introduction
The computer
Types of computersdesktops..............................................................................................7
Tower type computer
All in One computer (everything in one)...............................................................8
The notebooks............................................................................................................................9
Hardware......................................................................................................................................9
Cabinet.................................................................................................................................10
Mouse
Keyboard...................................................................................................................................11
Function of the main keys on the keyboard..................................................................................12
Monitor..................................................................................................................................13
Webcam
Multimedia Kit........................................................................................................................14
Connections and ports of the main peripherals........................................................15
Software.....................................................................................................................................16
Office Packages............................................................................................................................17
Basic programs......................................................................................................................18
Applications.................................................................................................................................19
Audio applications
Movie and TV apps.....................................................................................................20
Getting to know Windows 10........................................................................................................20
Work Area........................................................................................................................21
Control Panel......................................................................................................................23
The main folders in Windows 10..........................................................................................24
Browsers and Internet
Browsing the Internet
Safety tips for web browsing.................................................................28
Cloud storage and work..................................................................................30
Google Applications.....................................................................................................................30
Google Documents...............................................................................................................31
Google Sheets
Google Slides..........................................................................................................32
Google Drawings32
Microsoft Office 365
OneDrive32
Word online..........................................................................................................................33
Excel online...........................................................................................................................33
PowerPoint online................................................................................................................33
Various applications...................................................................................................................33
References.................................................................................................................................35
Introduction
Here should be your first step! This booklet has been designed for you to
get to know the basics of computer science. To do this, the content has been divided into 5 sections:

The computer: We start by talking about the computer, which is your main
tools at this moment. The types of computers that currently exist, the ports and
main peripherals, the most used software, and the main text editors are also
addressed in this first section.
Getting to know Windows 10: now that you have learned a bit more about it
computador, falaremos dos softwares que são essenciais para o seu funcionamento. Dentre eles,
we will learn about the main software of a computer, the operating system! Still talking
two operating systems, you will be introduced to the main operating system of the moment,
Windows 10. Desktop, taskbar, control panel, and the basic structure.
The main folders are some of the functionalities presented in this section.
Browsers and Internet: Now it's time to browse the internet! In this section you
you will get to know the main browsers available, their functionalities and how to access the websites.
In addition, you will learn some ways to navigate the web more safely.
Storage and work in the cloud: Now that you know how to navigate in the
internet, it's time to discover some online tools to store files, do the
school work, documents for work, all without installing any applications on your
computer! It's what we call cloud work.
Good practices for online studying: Finally, we will present tips and good practices.
that guide good coexistence among people on the internet, the famous Netiquette! Even more
at this moment when online learning is a reality for most people, you will
to know some recommendations about the moments of online classes.
It should also be noted that in addition to texts, figures, tables, and infographics, it is part of

from the booklet, links to various sites and also to video lessons, which contributes a lot to
make the material more dynamic and informative. You will be able to access the video lessons by clicking on the

links or scanning the QR Code with your cell phone, in case you have printed this booklet.
As palavras na cor verde, encontram-se definidas no glossário ao final da apostila.
If you have any doubts and don't know what the term means, go to the glossary and consult! Now
Since you are familiar with the training sequence of the booklet, how about starting your studies?
The computer

Computers are present in our daily lives. Sometimes we don't even notice it.
but all the time we are relying on the assistance of computing machines, whether
using a laptop, operating an ATM, requesting an Uber, or even using a
refrigerator
In 1936, the British Alan Turing created a hypothetical digital computer to
mathematically verify computational theories. This computer was named
Turing Machine.
The Turing machine was equipped with a perforated tape of length
infinite that was filled at regular intervals with symbols from a finite set and a
pointer that would indicate the actual position of the machine.
The first generation of computers emerged in 1940, when the first
computer known as ENIAC, was built by the University of Pennsylvania. It
weighed 30 tons and had 17,000 valves, 70,000 resistors, and 7,500 switches, consumed
an average of 150,000 watts of electricity, so when ENIAC was turned on the lights of
Philadelphia suffered a considerable decline in its lighting. To combat the heat, which was
intense, it required a lot of ventilation. However, its maintenance cost was very expensive.

Figure 1 first computers

As we can see from figure 1, computers were huge. This is because their
equipment and parts were also immense. However, as the years went by, computers
they have been decreasing in size. With technological advancements, the parts and components have been

replaced by smaller ones making them very compact being called

microcomputers.
 Figure 2 Micro-computers

Microcomputers, due to their size, could be used at home or

in the workplace. There were two most common types of computers: desktop switcher, also
called Desktops, and foldable computers that were called notebooks or laptops.

Types of desktops computers

Desktop computers are divided into two models: the tower type computer and
the All-In-One type computer.
The tower type computer has a case, which organizes the components in a structured way.
motherboard, HDDs, DVD drive, video cards, cables, memory, processor and cooler of
ventilation. The monitor, mouse, keyboard, and camera are part of the computer as called
peripherals.
The All in One computers look very much like just one monitor, but for
Behind it are all the components that exist on the desktop and have been attached to the back.
do monitor. This model provides more ease of movement.

Tower type computer

It has the cabinet separate from

monitor.
A computer case, also
known as case, box, chassis, shell or
tower, is the compartment that contains most of the
components of a computer (usually,
excluding the monitor, keyboard, and mouse). A case
of computer to times, é referred
metonymically as CPU, referring to a component located inside the case. CPU was
a common term in the early home computers, when other peripherals of the board-
mothers were usually housed in their own separate cases.

All-in-One computer
At first glance, this model
the desktop looks like just a monitor, no
Oh? But don't be mistaken, he has the cabinet,
that is, memories, boards, processor,
cables, among other components, all
attached to the back of the monitor, what
turn the All in One into a desktop model
more practical and easy to accommodate.
The only real difference is in the
number of components involved, since the
All in One has a single integrated box in
monitor, while the tower-type computer has the case separate from the monitor
external.

The notebooks
It is a quite device
simple, yet very important.
With the mouse, the user manipulates the

cursor (arrow that appears on the screen of

computer) to select the objects

desired, open files (with double
click), copy and paste texts, select
pastes, figures, images, etc. The mouse is
normally composed of 2 buttons:
one left and one right and, in the middle,
a little wheel (scroll). But what is their function? Laptops are very versatile computers,
leaves and can be easily transported. It's a great option for those who want to take the
computer for school or even for work. In it, the keyboard, the screen (monitor) and the
components are all coupled forming a unique piece.
Whether a desktop or laptop, a computer is made up of two basic parts:
software, which are the logical parts, that is, programs, applications, and operating systems, and
hardware, which are the physical parts and can often be handled by users. The
let's get to know these two parts better.

Hardware
Hardware is any and all components
the physical equipment, both inside and outside of
Information Technology. Generally speaking,
any machine, tool, or utensil, of a
milling machine to a wrench, going through the
your cell phone or computer is hardware. Cutlery,
parts, hinges, gears, screws, chips,
Processors, all of this is hardware.
In Information Technology, the
the concept of hardware applies to the components of
devices in general, such as processor, motherboard,
RAM memory, storage units (HDs, SSDs, and Flash memory), as well as the
input and output devices (keyboard, mouse, monitor, speakers, remote control,
video game controller, etc.

Cabinet
The cabinet is the space where the necessary components are housed for the
computer operation. Memories, boards, processor, cables, among others
components make up the case. We often say that the case is the computer itself.

Mouse
It is a quite simple device,
but of great importance. With the mouse the
user handles the cursor (arrow that appears on the screen)
from the computer) to select the objects
desired, open files (with double click), copy
and paste texts, select folders, figures, images,
etc. The mouse is usually composed of 2
buttons: one left and one right and, in the middle, a
wheel (scroll). But what is their function?
Left button: The left button is used
normally to select, open files, drag, mark, position the cursor, among others
functions. This will depend on which tool you are using on the computer.

Right button: The right mouse button is generally used to access

tool properties, view adjustment options, access submenu with
Edit information (copy, paste, and cut). Therefore, this button takes
several functions depending on the moment and location in which it is activated.

Scroll wheel: It functions to move the cursor

quickly on the screen, following the movement that is made with it.
Turn it, for example, in your direction, will make the content of
the screen moves up (whether in a text or web page). It
it also has the click function, and this will make navigation
made in slow motion. Do a test!

Keyboard
It is the peripheral where the main commands to operate a
computador. É pelo teclado que os textos são digitados. Ele está dividido em cinco partes:

A) Alphanumeric keyboard: with letters and numbers like on a machine.

write;
B) Numeric keypad: like on a calculator.
C) Control keys: these are keys that (F1, Home, Alt and Shift, Insert, Delete, Page
Up, Page Down, for example), used alone or in conjunction with others, execute
specific functions.
D) Direction keys: these keys have arrows indicating the direction of movement
do cursor.
E) Function keys: perform specific functions, which change according to the
program or operating system used. They can also be activated together with
other keys.

Function of the main keys on the keyboard

The Enter key is used to start a paragraph, break a line
in the text or make confirmations.

The Shift key is used to start special characters or activate

momentarily the uppercase keys on the keyboard (holding the key
Shiftpressed).

Tabé usada na edição de textos. Serve como marcador de parágrafos.

It is also useful when we need to move the cursor of a
field to another, that is, to fill out registrations, enter the email, etc.

Backspace key, this key is used to go back the

cursor, deleting the characters to the left of the cursor.

The Caps Lock key toggles uppercase letters.

keyboard.

Print Screen is used to capture images that are

displayed on the computer screen.
 The Control key is mainly useful when used in
together with other keys, in what are called "keyboard shortcuts".

Press an alternative control key.

Release the use of the menu for working with the keyboard can also be
combined with other keys to execute functions.

The Escape key is used to exit a screen, program, or menu.

The Delete key deletes a character to the right of the cursor. In

Windows, delete files or pasta.

Monitor
The monitor is another quite peripheral.
important, as it is through it that we see the
images that are projected by the computer.
Currently, many TVs come with a function of
monitors, therefore, have specific outputs for
turn on the CPU and thus project the image. As the
TVs, the better the monitor resolution, the better.
it will be the visualization of the projected image.

Webcam
Previously considered just an accessory
for computers, the webcam has become essential for
recordings of video classes and participation in online classes. With
a webcam, using web conferencing applications such as
Google Meet and Microsoft Teams, for example, you can appear on video during the class
online.
In times of distancing, being able to see other colleagues reinforces the feeling of
belonging and engagement. But, attention! If you are not in a position to show up,
turn off the camera to avoid embarrassment.
As a peripheral, the webcam can be connected to the computer or laptop of 2.
forms:

Connected to the computer, as it usually comes with laptops and desktops.

type All in one.

Individual, connected to the computer via a USB cable.

Multimedia Kit
Just like the webcam, the multimedia kit is a computer peripheral that
has become quite used by users in recent years. With a reception function and
voice and audio transmission, the kits have been getting smaller, yet more robust
regarding the quality of capture.
The advancement of technologies has allowed equipment to better capture
voice, when we talk about microphones, is a better audio transmission, when we talk about the
sound reproduction coming from computers. In older computers, these peripherals
they were connected to computers through external outputs, however, today, many
computers already come with the audio and microphone device attached to them, no longer being
just an additional peripheral.

Connections and ports of the main peripherals

Now that we know some of the main peripherals of a computer, let's
learn how they can be connected to the computer.
Software
Software is essential for the operation of computers, as it is from
of those that are made operations and commands that are interpreted to then be executed.
The main software of a computer is the operating system. It is from there that the
peripheral initialization instructions are commanded.
In addition, the operating system is the foundation for other software (programs)
be executed on the computer. Get to know the main operating systems available
currently
But what does it mean to say that a system is open source or closed source? Paid or
free?
The entire system (software) is
developed through a huge
sequence of computer instructions, which
we call source code. To have a system of
open source code means to say that it is
possible to make modifications to the product without

the need to pay a commercial license.

This is precisely the explanation for some.
software will be considered paid or
free.
A free operating system and
open source, is built by
community through a model
collaborative intellectual production. In this
model, the software construction is not done
for a company, but rather for a
community of people around the world. The
Collective and collaborative construction is the basis of open and free operating systems.
Now that we have seen what software and operating systems are, let's
to know the main tools and
programs (softwares) that can be used
in daily life.

Office Packages
The Office Suites are a
a set of essential tools for computer users in general. It is
with them that various texts, spreadsheets and others are developed, edited, created, exported or imported

slide presentations. Currently, we find several Office packages, the main ones being:
LibreOffice emerged as a
branching do project original
[Link], this happened because when
Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems (and
together with the rights of [Link],
some developers and collaborators of
[Link] they left o project
controlled by Oracle to mount the
LibreOffice, creating a fork (branching) of
original project. which, in turn, originates from
StarOffice 5.1, acquired by Sun
Microsystems with the purchase of Star Division
in August 1999.
Microsoft Word is the main tool used by users among the
made available by the package, as it allows the creation of texts, school assignments,
reports, letters, official documents, resumes, among others, and format them for later use to make the
printing, if applicable.

Basic programs
Every computer, whether at home or at work, should have some software installed.
which are essential in day-to-day life. We will mention the main ones here!
1) PDF reader: opens and executes files with .pdf extensions,
como: Adobe Reader, Foxit, Sumatra, Pdf Xchange, entre outros.

2) File compressor/decompressor: combines

several files allocating in a single file of smaller size for
better to transport on a flash drive, send by email or archive, such as:
Winzip, Winrar 7Zip, among others.
3) Antivirus software: protects the computer against others
potentially harmful programs. It detects, prevents, and acts on the removal of
malicious programs, such as viruses and worms.
 There are several antivirus software on the market, the most
famous ones are: Kaspersky, Norton, and McAfee, all paid. A good
an alternative for Windows users is the Windows antivirus
Defender. It is free and already comes installed in the latest versions of this.

system operational.
4) Web browser: software required to access websites on
internet. Currently, three browsers stand out in the market:
Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Microsoft Edge. Further ahead
we will specifically talk about these browsers.

Applications
The Microsoft Store has almost everything for your Windows device,
including the latest games, movies, and TV shows, software of
creativity and applications.

Audio apps
Spotify
Spotify is the most popular music streaming service in
world. With it, users have access not only to an immense catalog of
artists and groups, but also podcasts hosted on the platform.
The service offers a free version that includes ads
between some songs and a limitation when changing tracks. As for the version
the payment is exempt from advertising, allows you to change the song as many times as you want and still plays the

sound of a superior quality to the free one.

SoundCloud
With over 150 million tracks in an expanding database, the
SoundCloud is the world's largest streaming music platform. Discover,
stream and share a growing selection of songs from artists
new and familiar. Listen to everything from the latest hit singles to live sequels and
mixes from your favorite DJs, and discover new songs that you will love with tracks
suggested based on your musical taste.

Note: SoundCloud for Windows is a beta version.

Movie and TV apps

You can use the Movies and TV app to search and

play movies and TV shows that you rented or purchased on
Microsoft Store. The app also allows you to play and manage videos.
from your personal collection.

Netflix is a global provider of movies and television series.

via streaming based in Los Gatos, California, and currently has more
from 220 million subscribers. Founded in 1997 in the United States, the
the company started as a DVD delivery service by mail.

Getting to know Windows 10

According to the website [Link], Windows 10 is the operating system
most used in the world, this is because, even though it is a paid operating system,
gained followers over the years for being more user-friendly and also for providing
greater support. In the chart below, it is possible to clearly observe the difference in usage of the

main operating systems currently active:

As the most used operating system at the moment, we will present the following

some spaces, tools, and important features for you to use Windows 10
without complications!
Workspace
This is the Windows desktop. It is the user's workspace on the screen.
which show the icons such as, 'trash' and 'my documents', which are components of the area of
work, in addition to application windows and dialog boxes. Here are also the shortcuts
programs for performing quick boot-ups and where it is possible to save files that you
I want to find quickly.

It is recommended to avoid accumulating too many shortcuts and files on the desktop.
because this can make it harder to find something when needed. For that, the computer
can be divided into folders, as we will explain later.
The image that appears in the background is the standard 'wallpaper' of Windows 10 that

can be changed by the user. At the bottom is the 'taskbar'. It is possible to

find the clock, the quick launch programs, which are on the right side, and the icons
two programs and quick access folders, which are located more or less in the middle of the taskbar.
 Still on the taskbar, there is also the 'start' button, one of the most
used by users. It allows locating and opening documents, quickly starting a
program, change the computer settings or turn off/restart the computer.
Control Panel
Another area widely used by Windows users is the 'Control Panel'.
It is in this space that you locate practically any change you want to make.
your computer.
To access the Control Panel, click the start button and type in the box
search "Control Panel". The application will appear in the search as shown in the following image:

Through the Control Panel it is possible: to change the security system, to carry out
user control, enable and disable network and internet options, check sound options and
hardware, add and remove programs, change appearance and personalization of Windows,
change the clock time and region, among other options.
The following image shows the complete panel.
The main folders in Windows 10
In an operating system, folders serve to store/compartmentalize
files or programs. Windows 10 provides folders that are standard across all
installations, therefore, it is important that you know better what they are and what they are for:
Browsers and Internet
To browse the internet through your computer, you need software.
specific known as a web browser. There are currently several options on the market for
manufacturers different. See no infographic a to follow os main:

According to
with the site

According to Statcounter, the Google Chrome browser has jumped to the top of the 5 most used browsers.
by users in the world. This research showed that, from January 2009, when practically
had 0% of users, rose to 69.66% in September 2020, being considered the
most used web browser in the world. The table below presents the current usage data
of these browsers:

Browsing the Internet

When accessing your computer's desktop, look for the browser icon.
preferred. It can be found in the taskbar, in the start menu, or even on the screen, if
has been added as a shortcut. When executed, the program will open the page of
navigation, which is normally loaded blank, waiting for you, the user, to type the
corresponding address for navigation or search.
The image below shows the Google Chrome browser open with the numbers.
of some indicated fields. See the meaning of each of them:
Safety tips for web browsing
Considering the widespread use of the internet for making purchases,
payments, transfers and other applications, it is necessary to increase the security of
users during this browsing, as there are several risks involved in entering personal data
payment methods on websites.
The Center for Studies, Responses, and Treatment of Security Incidents in Brazil
([Link] is a page that provides information about security during the
internet navigation in the form of pamphlets and/or videos. We recommend visiting the website and
check the tips and materials to learn ways to stay safe while still enjoying
all the conveniences that the internet can provide us.
We highlight below some important tips regarding safety:
The Google Chrome browser, for example, displays on secure sites a

lock before the address: https. This lock indicates that there are security certificates present.
they guarantee that the entered and exchanged content is secure.
If you have questions about how to identify the padlock,click hereand watch the
video that shows this functionality.
Another way to maintain safety while browsing is
use the browser in incognito window mode, as the visited pages do not
they will not be stored in the browser history, in cookies, or in the search history afterwards
that all the tabs were closed.
However, the files that the user downloaded as favorites are kept.
All internet browsers offer the option of private browsing. In Google
Chrome, for example, to activate the incognito mode, just type on the keyboard,
when the browser is open, the command Ctrl+Shift+N.
Or, by clicking on the three dots
verticals in the upper right bar, click on
new private window. It's worth remembering that this

the selection keeps only this anonymous window and

that, browsing in anonymous mode, the user

doesn't become invisible. That is, the navigation

anonymous does not hide its browsing from your

employer, internet service provider,

not from the visited sites.
Be careful
to click in links,
regardless of how they were received and who sent them. Beware of links
sent by unknown people. Read the message carefully and if it seems
This Photo
by Author um blow, no click!
Unknown
where is he
bachelor To delve deeper into the subject and browse the web with more
in
CC BY-SA security, access the site[Link] and get to know more tips and
recommendations for safe browsing.
Another good option, even more in-depth on the subject, is the Safety Handbook.
for the Internet, made available by [Link]. It can be accessed at the address
[Link]

Cloud storage and work

I bet you've heard expressions like: 'My files are in the cloud', or
when I take a photo on my phone, it goes straight to the cloud
in the cloud." But what does this really mean?
 According to the blog of theweblink, o
cloud storage is a recent technology that allows
that the internet user keeps all their data in a
online server instead of saving to folders and hard drives of
your computer. This type of storage can bring many
advantages such as:

1. Cost reduction and fewer devices. Storing files on disks.

Physical hard drives (HDs) are becoming increasingly outdated. In the cloud, everything is stored on a server.

digital, which allows the user not to need to invest money in buying new electronics
or accessories to store your files. The result is less spending, fewer devices and
more space received, often without having to pay anything for it, in fact.
2. Dynamism and mobility. Use a cloud storage service
guarantees a lot of practicality, dynamism, and mobility in daily tasks. You can access
files from anywhere and from any type of compatible device. It is recommended to have a
stable internet connection.

Google Apps

Google Drive concentrates the programs of

Google creation and editing such as Docs, Sheets,
Presentations, Drawings, among others. It is a tool for
Google cloud storage and synchronization that
allows the user to create various types of documents
through the web for free, being able to access them at any
a moment and anywhere using a smartphone, tablet, or computer. To this end, the
the user needs to have an email account registered with Google (the same as Gmail).
Moreover, Google Drive is a real-time collaborative tool, that is,
allows a group of people to build documents simultaneously online and the most
important, without worrying about the 'save' button, as the changes to the documents are
saved automatically.

Google Documents
It is a text editor compatible with Word (.DOC
.DOCX format, with Open Document Format (.ODT) and Apple Pages
(PAGES). With it, you can create documents from a
blank page or use pre-existing formats, such as:
Lesson Plans, Reports, Project Proposals and much more.
it is possible to download the document in several formats, namely
.DOCX, .ODT and .PDF.

Google Sheets
It is a spreadsheet editor compatible with Microsoft Excel.
(.XLS and .XLSX) and Open Document Format (.ODS). With it, you can
create and edit tables, colorful charts and spreadsheets with
integrated formulas and a series of formatting options that can
make the document dynamic and easy to understand. It is possible to do
download the spreadsheet in various formats. The most common ones

.XLSX, .ODS and .PDF.

Google Slides
Compatible with Microsoft Power Point (.PPT and .PPTX)
Open Document Format (.ODP). With Google Slides you
you can create presentations with various formats, including
videos, animations and several other resources to engage and
provide interactivity to your work and presentations. It is
It is possible to download the presentation in various formats. The most
.PPTX, .ODP, and .PDF are common.
Google Drawings
With Google Drawings you can create images, shapes,
diagrams, flowcharts and add them later to others
documents. It is a very simple tool to use, similar to
traditional Windows 'Paint'. It is possible to download the image
in .JPEG, .PNG, .PDF, and even .SVG formats (vector graphics
scalable).

Microsoft Office 365

OneDrive
Similar to Google Drive, OneDrive is the
data storage service (documents) in
Microsoft cloud. Through it, it is possible to create,
store and share all types of documents through
from devices (smartphone, tablet or computer), since
that the user has an email account registered at
Microsoft and be connected to the internet network. In OneDrive we have Office online. It is the
online version of the Microsoft Office document editing applications, that is, the version
online Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, and Calendar. Like in Google Documents, in
In Office Online, the user can create, edit, and also work in a team simultaneously.
that the edits made on it are saved automatically and securely.

Word online
With a selection of various models available for
User, in Word Online it is possible to create and edit documents through
of tools very similar to those found in Word such as,
for example, add image, table, symbols, format the font
from the lyrics, add text indent and line spacing and a lot
but.

Excel online
In Excel online, there are many templates that the user
is at your disposal. For the preparation of teaching material it is possible
create various types of graphs and tables, formatting them using
tools similar to those used in Excel.
PowerPoint online
There we found a variety of templates, for
through which it is possible to create dynamic presentations and
interactive with the students. Their formatting tools are
similar to those found in PowerPoint, so that in the online version
you can insert an image, among other types of formatting,
graphics, animations, and online videos.

Various applications
There are several online applications that can be useful in everyday life for studies.
or even to perform tasks at work. We will list some below:
Combine or split files in PDF format
It is common for us to need to separate pages in PDF files or even merge files.
different ones in a single PDF. For this, there are some services available on the internet, such as the
Smallpdf, for example. Everything is done on the website itself, without the need for download and installation.

of the application, registration on the site is also not required.

Address:
Merge PDF files:[Link]
Split PDF files:[Link]
There are other services available on the internet that perform the same function.
Do a Google search and find out!
Canva
It is an online graphic design platform that allows you to create,
example, infographics, presentations, posters, banners, booklets, books, and various objects
graphs for use both at school and at work. The platform has a free version
which is limited but has many resources for beginners.
Address:
[Link]
References

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