Material resistance TD2: Traction - compression

TD 2: Traction - compression.

Directed work on material resistance 6

Material resistance TD2: Traction - compression

EXERCISE 1.

Consider the screw below with a length of 150 mm and a diameter of 16 mm, in equilibrium under the action
of the two forces F1and F2of intensity each 1000daN. The screw is made of steel and its modulus
The longitudinal elasticity is 200 GPa.

1- What type of stress is the screw subjected to?

2- Calculate the value of the constraint.
3- If we adopt a safety factor of 4, calculate the elastic resistance of the steel.
4- Determine the elongation of the screw.

EXERCISE 2 :
A cable with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 300m made of steel with a modulus of elasticity
E=200GPa and Re = 295 MPa is subjected to a stress of 40MPa.
1- Check that the safety factor applied to this cable is greater than 4.
2- Calculate the force applied to this cable.
3- Calculate the elongation of this cable.
4- Calculate the relative elongation.
5- Determine the diameter that this cable should have if the safety factor is
greater than or equal to 10.

EXERCISE 3.

P = 3000 N
I1= 500 mm
I2= 700 mm
E = 20.104N/mm2
S1= S2= 40 mm2
2
σe = 300 N/mm
s=6
AC = AB/3

A rigid horizontal beam AB, one unit long, is attached to two cylindrical bars.
vertical elastics AA' and BB' at the fixed points A and B.
We neglect the eigenvalues of AB, AA', BB'.

[Link] the extensions Δl1etΔl2of the two bars AA' and BB', represent the shape of

the beam AB after loading.

2. Determine the section S2which keeps the beam AB in a horizontal position.

Directed work on material resistance 7

Material resistance TD2: Traction - compression

3. a)Calculate σpe.
b)Determine the sections S1and S2for the two bars to remain within the domain
elastic.
EXERCISE 4.

The floor of a room rests on a number of tubular columns. The columns have a
height h = 3m each supported a vertical load F = 18 104N. It is assumed that the

The post is embedded at both ends.

The mechanical characteristics of the cast iron used are R (in compression
e 600 MPa).
The safety coefficient is 5.
The tubes must be chosen from the series below:
(Extract from a catalog, note that the thickness e of the tubular polee ≅ D/40

e 2 2.5 3.5 4
D 80 100 100 140 140 160 160 200

1. Calculate the minimum cross-section of the column and choose its dimension.
2. What is the shortening of a post?

Tutorials on material resistance 8

Material resistance TD2: Traction - compression

Directed work on material resistance 9

Material resistance TD3: Shear.

TD 3: Shearing.

Directed work on material resistance 10

Material resistance TD3: Shear.

EXERCISE 1.

On a press, the punch1from the following figure make an elongated hole (rectangle 100 x 20 and
two semicircles of 20 mm in diameter) in a plate2of 3 mm thick. The resistance
the shear cut is 25 [Link].
[Link] and calculate the shear section by the punch.
[Link] the minimum force F required to perform the drilling.
[Link] the compressive stress in the punch.

EXERCISE 2.

A shaft (1) transmits a rotational movement to a hub (2) through an intermediary of a

key (3).

The tree with a diameter of d=32 mm is made of steel XC 18 for which Re=265 MPa. The couple
the transmission has a value of M=65 Nm.

The key has a cross-sectional dimension of 10 x 8. The steel of the key is E24 for which
τe=108MPa.
The chosen safety factor is s=3.
The maximum allowable pressure on the flank AB of the key-hub contact is p m30 MPa.
We have AB = 4 mm.

It is assumed that the resultant F of the mechanical contact forces on the side of the key
is perpendicular to the contact surface at a distance of d/2 from the axis of the shaft.

Guided work on material resistance 11

Material strength TD3: Shear.

1. Calculate the norm of F

2. Based on the non-matting resistance condition, determine the minimum length of

the key.
3. Check the length of the key based on the shear strength condition
this one. To conclude.
EXERCISE 3.

When one wants to punch a hole in a piece (sheet metal), one exerts by
Through a punch, a shearing force F is distributed over the entire section.
cutting of the piece.
However, during punching, the tool (punch) works in compression and must not
subject to excessive normal stress that could lead to its deformation
permanent.

The punching sheet has a thickness of e = 4 mm and the steel that constitutes it has a stress
average shear stress τr= 200 MPa. The hole to be made is square with a side length of a = 20 mm.

[Link] minimum force Fminimal must the punch exert on the sheet to punch it?

[Link] practical compressive stress of the punch is: σpc= 240 MPa.
Is the compression constraint in the punch satisfactory?
[Link] what minimum value of a can we no longer consider punching a sheet?
thickness e = 4 mm.

EXERCISE 4.

The pivot connection between 1 (strut) and 2 is made through a cylindrical shaft 3.
Dans les deux cas, l’action exercée par le tirant est F = 10 000 daN. Les axes 3 sont réalisés
in the same steel whose allowable shear stress is 5 [Link]-2.

Directed work on the strength of materials 12

Material resistance TD3: Shear.

Let's determine and compare the diameters of1and d2of the two solutions.

Tutorials on the resistance of materials 13

Strength of materials TD4: Torsion.

TD 4: Torsion.

Guided work on material resistance 14

Strength of materials TD4: Torsion.

EXERCISE 1.
We propose to study the strength of a transmission shaft modeled by a beam.
straight, with a constant circular section as indicated in the figure below:

The external mechanical forces acting on the shaft are represented by the
the following torques:

Data:
• Coulomb's module: G = 8.104MPa.
• Safety factor: s = 3.
• Limit angle of torsion: θlim = 0.45° /m.
• Tangential constraint at the elastic limit (slippage): Rg120MPa.

Questions:
1. Determine the components of the cohesion force tensor throughout
this beam
2. Study of the resistance of the shaft under torsion moment:
2.1. Draw the torque diagram (Mt).
2.2. Calculate the minimum diameter (d) of the shaft based on the rigidity condition.
2.3. Calculate the minimum diameter (d) of the shaft based on the rigidity condition.

3. Trace themshear force diagrams Ty and Tz.

Guided work on material resistance 15

Strength of materials TD4: Torsion.

4. Deduce the most stressed section under shear and the intensity of the effort.
resulting cutting edge (T) in this section.
5. For the diameter found in 2.2, verify the resistance of this section regarding the
shear

EXERCISE 2.

Figure 1 shows a device for advancing an automatic turn. The drill, connected to (2) is
stopped in rotation and guided in translation. The movement of the drill bit is achieved by rotation
of a cam that acts on the roller connected to a push rod (5).
The system to be studied is (8, 9, 10, 4), assimilated to a beam (S) with a square cross-section of side a.

The action in D is D5 S/= 3000N.

The connections of the beam (S) are:

• Perfect pivot in C.
• Simple supports (point supports) in B and D.
• The weight of the beam is negligible.

1. Calculate the minimum diameter of the shaft connecting the beam to the structure (1). We
adopt a safety factor s=2.5;σe=250 MPaetτe=125 MPa.
[Link] cylindrical shaft for transmitting rotational motion to the cam transmits a
moment couple M=100 Nm. This shaft is made of C10 steel for which τeReg=104 MPa and

Directed work on material resistance 16

Material strength TD4: Torsion.

G= 8.104MPa. A keyway causes a stress concentration of value

K=4. We adopt a safety factor s=3.
a)Determine the minimum diameter of this solid tree dmini based on the condition of
torsion resistance.
b)To lighten the construction, it is proposed to replace this solid tree with a hollow one.
Hollow with inner diameter d1=0.5D. Determine the diameters D and d1 of the shaft
hollow so that it can withstand torsion.
c)What is the percentage of mass gain?
d)For the two trees, determine the diameters d; D and d1 satisfying the condition of
Rigidity siθlim = 0.5 °/ m and conclude.

EXERCISE 3.

Let there be two transmission shafts made from the same steel, G = 8000 daN.m2. The
first is full (diameter of1The second is hollow (outer diameter D, inner diameter)
d = 0.8 D.
The torque to be transmitted is 200 Nm; the practical shear strength adopted for the
Two cases are 10 [Link]-2.
Let's determine the optimal dimensions of the two trees and compare their respective weights.
two constructions.

EXERCISE 4.

Study of a rigid coupling:

Couplings are a hub for transmitting power between a driving organ and a
another receiver.

Let a power P=10kw be transmitted between an electric motor 1, running at a

frequency N=1500 rpm, and a receiver 2 through a rigid coupling 3.

Directed work on the resistance of materials 17

Material resistance TD4: Torsion.

The coupling is made of steel with the following characteristics:

We give:
D=30 mm
d= 0.8D=24 mm
Steel RPG = 100 MPa
Gacier=80000 MPa

π(D4-d4)
I 0= = 46950mm
32
Mt D
τ max= .
I 02
Mt=[Link].θ

The coupling is modeled as a straight beam represented by its line.

average Lm.

1. Calculate the motor torque Cmthe mating is not subjected.

Supervised work on material resistance 18

Material resistance TD4: Torsion.

2. Determine the cohesive torsor at G, the center of any section of the

beam(0≤X G≤L).

3. Plot the shear force diagrams along the beam.

4. Check the coupling resistance.
A phenomenon of stress concentration occurs at the collar level of
the coupling knowing that the concentration coefficient of torsion stresses
Kt=3.32 (see the figure opposite).
6. to avoid vibrations, a limit value is imposed on the unit torsion angle: if
θlim = 0.7 °/ m.
a) Calculate the new diameters (D and d) by applying the deformation condition.
b) Choose the dimensions of the coupling from the following table.

Tube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D (mm) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
d (mm) 8 12 16 20 2 28 32

Tutorials on material resistance 19

Strength of materials TD5: Flexion.

TD 5: Flexion.

Directed studies on material strength 20

Material resistance TD5: Flexion.

EXERCISE 1.

The proposed device (fig.1) allows for bending heating tubes. The bending force F
is provided by a hydraulic cylinder (not shown) whose rod (7) acts on a cam of
push (6), while the support is provided by two rollers (4) and (5).

Datathe elastic limit of the materiale340N/mm2.

Safety coefficient = 3.
1- Determine the effort required to bend the indicated tube.

If the tube is pierced with a hole of diameter d' = 8mm calculate σeff
max

EXERCISE 2.

A column-mounted hoist for handling consists of a boom (1) fixed in place.

(welded) on a motorized support (2). The whole can pivot (vertical axis y rotation)
around a fixed column (3) thanks to a gearmotor (5). The lifting is carried out by the hoist
(4), mobile between B and D, and with a negligible capacity in front of the point of the arrow (1).
The arrow (1) is modeled by a beam (fig.2) under the action of a distributed load q.
1- Determine the actions exerted by the embedding H.
2- Draw the diagrams of T and Mfzalong the beam.
3- Determine the equation of the deformation. Deduce the expression of the maximum deflection.

4- The beam consists of aIPNits practical resistance is Ron= 100 MPa.

Determine the minimum height ofIPN.

Guided work on material resistance 21

Material resistance TD5: Flexion.

EXERCISE 3.

The large capacity lathe proposed performs the turning of a cylinder with a diameter of 1 m and
length 5 m. The density of steel is 7800 kg/m3and the Young's modulus E =
20000 daN/mm2.
The study of the cylinder is reduced to the diagram (fig.3).

1- Determine the value of the distributed load corresponding to the weight of the cylinder alone (the action
the cutting tool is negligible.
2- Draw the diagrams of the T and the [Link] the beam.
3-Determine the equation of the deflection. Deduce the maximum deflection.

EXERCISE 4.

Figure 1 shows the input tree of an epicyclic reducer. The associated model related to
The system is given by figure 2. The action of satellite 2 on planetary 1 at A is FA(2/1).

FA(2/1) = -1000 Y(en N).

Directed work on material resistance 22

Strength of materials TD5: Flexion.

We neglect the weight of tree 11.

1) Isolate tree 11 and take inventory of the external forces it is subjected to.
2)Calculate the efforts at the level of the embedding E.
3)Draw the diagrams of shear forces and bending moments.
4)What is the abscissa of the section associated with the maximum bending moment value.
5)L’arbre 11 est en C18, calculer son diamètre minimum sachant qu’il y a concentration de
constraints at the back of the throat at point E.
We give:
a. L = 40 mm.
b. R = 50 mm.
c. Kf = 2.5
d. S = 4
e. Re(C18) = 350 MPa

π d4
f. IGZ=
64

Directed work on material resistance 23

Strength of materials

Correction elements.

Guided work on material resistance 37

Material resistance corrected TD2: Tension - compression.

Corrected TD 2.

EXERCISE 1 :

1- Traction – extension - Elongation.

2- Calculation of the stress value:
F
S= π R 2= π .82= 201.6mm2 σ = = 49.6MPa
S
3- If we adopt a safety factor of 4, calculate the elastic resistance of the steel.
Re
σ≤ Re≥ 49.6× 4= 198.41MPa
s
4- Determine the extension of the screw.
✝lσ
= ℓ= 0.0372mm
l E

EXERCISE 2 :

1- Check that the safety factor applied to this cable is greater than 4.
Re 295
σ≤ s≤ = 7.375 s= 7
s 40
2- Calculation of the force applied to the cable.

S= π R=2 π .4= 250.24mm 2

F F= σ .S= 2010N
σ=
S
3- Cable extension.

\lσ
= ✝l= 0.06m
l E
4- Relative elongation.

€0.06
= = 0.02%
l300
5- The safety coefficient is equal to 10.
Re
σ≤ σ ≤ 29.5MPa
s
F 2010
σ = S= π R 2= = 68.13mm2
S 29.5
S
D= 2.R= 2. = 9.3mm
π

Tutorials on material resistance 42

Strength of materials corrected TD2: Tension - compression.

EXERCISE 3

1. Determination of extensions:
StretchingΔL1:

FA.L1
ΔL1=
E.S1

2P 2P.L1
FA= ⇒ΔL1= AN:ΔL1= 0.125 mm
3 3E.S1
ElongationΔL2:

FC.L2
ΔL2=
E.S2

P P.L2
FC= ⇒ΔL = AN:ΔL2 = 0.0875 mm
3 2 3E.S2

On a :ΔL1>ΔL2

[Link] of S2

(The beam remains horizontal)⇔ ( Δ L 1=ΔL2)

2P.L1P.L2
=
3E.S13E.S2

L2 700
S 2= .S1⇒ S 2= .40 = 28 mm
2L1 1000

Directed work on material resistance 43

Materials resistance corrected TD2: Tension - compression.

3.
a)Determination of the practical tensile stress σhe

σe
σ pe=
S
AN:σon50 N / mm2

b)Condition of resistance

FA FA
≤σ pe S1≥
σ A≤σ pe S σ pe
⇒ 1 ⇒
σ B≤σ pe FB FB
≤σ pe S 2≥
S2 σ pe

EXERCISE 5

[Link] force supported by the piston

Pπ(D2-d2)
Fhyd= P.(S - s) = = 7068.5 N
4
[Link] of the rod's strength
Fhyd 4KtFhyd
σ eff=Kt Kt =117 Mpa
s πd2
σ eff< R peThe beam resists
3. Extension of the rod
ΔL
σ th= E
L0
σ th.L0 4Fhyd L 0
In the elastic zone: ΔL = = = 0.02 mm
E πd2 E

Directed work on material resistance 44

Strength of materials corrigé TD3 : Cisaillement.

Corrected TD 3.

EXERCISE 2

1. If M is the transmitted couple:

d
M=F
2
where F = 4062.5 N
[Link] p be the pressure at the key-hub contact; the non-mashing condition is:

F
P≤ Pmwith P =
Sm
Smset the matting surface: Sm= AB x l =4 l

F F
So: <=Pm et≥
4 4 Pm
AN: ≥33.85 mm
[Link] resistance condition:
τ my≤ τ P

τe 108
τ P= = = 36 MPa
S 3
T
τ my=
SC

T = F and SC= 10 x

F F
⇒ ≤ τ P⇒ ≥ 10 tauP
10
AN: ≥11.28 mm

Conclusion :As seen in this calculation, the non-marring condition leads to choosing
a longer key. Although working under shear, one must always calculate a
key according to the non-matting condition.

Guided work on material resistance 45

Material Resistance corrected TD3: Shear.

EXERCISE 3

1. Let Sc be the sheared section. For a square hole of side a and height e: Sc = 4ae.

Do the shear effort standard. Punching occurs when τmy=τr

F
Withτmy = so F =τ[Link]
Sc mini

[Link] N = The absolute value of the normal force in the punch.

AN : F 64000 N
mini

SoitSP=a2the section of the punch.

N
Let σ = the normal compressive stress.
SP
AN : σ=160 N

This constraint is less than σpcis satisfactory.

[Link] is no longer possible to consider punching from the moment when the constraint of
compression in the punch reaches practical stress.
σpc240 MPa

Punching condition: σ≤σ PC

F
Let it be ≤σPC (1)
a2
We have calculated the effort required for punching:

F = τr.4ae

τ r.4ae
(1) can then be written as: ≤σ PC
a2
τ r.4e
Grape≥
σ PC

AN :a≥13.33 mm

Directed work on material resistance 46

Strength of materials corrected TD4: Torsion..

Corrected TD4.

EXERCISE 1.

1.
First cut: ∈ ,

0 0
ℎ =− 1 = 300 0
-300. ( , , ) ,

Second cut: ∈ ,

0 -50
ℎ =− 1 − 2 = 300 0
0 -300. ( , , ) ,

Third cutoff: ∈ ,

0 -50
ℎ =− 1 − 2− 3= −1000 600- 240
600 1000 − 520 ( , , ) ,

Fourth cut: ∈ ,

0 -50
ℎ =+ 5 = -100 -300 + 210
-300 100l - 70 ( , , ) ,

2
2.1. Torsion Moment Diagram:
2.2.

Directed work on material resistance 47

Material resistance corrected TD4: Torsion..

Condition of rigidity:

| | 32 | |
≤ with = = 4
≤
( )

4 | |
32 H 4
≥ √= 810570= 30

| | 16 | |
2.3. | |= ( ) = 3
| | = 9.43

120
| |≤ = = 40so the tree resists twisting
3

3.

Directed work on material resistance 48

Strength of materials corrected TD4: Torsion..

4.
The center section B is the most in demand.
The intensity of the shear stress in this section is
= 2+ 21431.7821

5.

4
= = = 2.055
2

≤ = 40

so the tree resists shearing.

EXERCISE 4

[Link] engine Cm:

πNm
Pm=[Link]=Cm.
30

30Pm
C m= 63.66 N.m
pi Nm

[Link] torsion in G, center of any section of the beam (0Less than or equal to x less than or equal to L)

The balance of the beam requires that Cm=-Cr

0 - mC
{ }
⇒ τ coh= 0
G
0
0 0

Guided work on material resistance 49

Strength of materials corrected TD4: Torsion..

3. Diagrams of the elements of the cohesion force diagram:

[Link] resistance:

Mt R
τ th max I = = 20.23MPa
I0
τ th max i Rpg⇒the beam resists

[Link] resistance:
σ f*ck mex i =Kt.σth max i = 67.16MPa
6.
a)Calculation of the new diameters
Mt Mt
Resistance condition: θ = <θlim ⇒ ≤I 0
GI 0 Gθlim

π(D4-d4)πD4(1-0.84)
I 0= = = 0.058D4
32 32
Mt
D 4> ⇒ D > 32.56
0.058Gθlim

b) We can choose the last two cases: D=35 mm and D=40 mm.

Directed work on material resistance 50

Strength of materials corrected TD5: Flexion.

Corrected TD5.

EXERCISE 4

1.
Action A of the satellite (2) on the planetary (1): FA= -1000Y
Effort in E of the embedding on (1): RE
Moment and E of the embedding on (1): ME
2.
PFS :

FA+RE0

FA= RE1000 N

M E+ME(FA/1) = 0

M E= FA/1 .L = [Link]
[Link] torquer
0 0 0 0
{τ -}1000
coh G 0 -1000 0
0 40.103- 1 0 0 0 x 0 40.103- 1 0 0 0 x

Guided work on material strength 51

Material resistance corrected TD5: Bending.

[Link] of the maximum bending moment: x=0

[Link] diameter

64Mf max i
σ th max i =
2πD 3

[Link]. M what are you doingx I

σ f**k mex i =Kt .σth max i =
pi D3

Re
Rigidity condition: σeff max I ≤Rpe=
s

[Link] . M f max i
⇒ ≤Rpe
πD3

32sMfmaxi
⇒ D≥3
πRe

⇒ D mini≥22.66 mm
One can choose D=22.66 mm

Directed work on material resistance 52

Strength of materials Annex.

Annex.

Directed work on materials resistance 67

Material resistance Annex.

BEAMS ON A SUPPORT
Charges - Supports Sharp effort Moment of flexion Deformation

A Arrow
F.l3
y A= −
[Link]

Arrow in A:
p.l4
y A= −
[Link]

Supervised exercises on material resistance 68

Material resistance Annex.

BEAMS ON TWO SUPPORTS AT THE ENDS

Charges - Supports Sharp effort Moment of bending Deformation

l
sia=
2
Fl3
yc = −
[Link]

Arrow in C: xc=l/2
5p.l4
y c= −
[Link]

Directed work on material resistance 69

Material resistance Annex.

Charges - Supports Sharp effort Bending moment Deformation

BEAMS ON TWO SUPPORTS WITH SYMMETRICAL OVERHANG

Charges - Supports Sharp effort Moment of bending Deformation

BEAMS ON TWO SUPPORTS WITH UNILATERAL OVERHANG

Charges - Supports Sharp effort Moment of bending Deformation

Guided work on material resistance 70

Strength of Materials Appendix.

BEAMS SUPPORTING A COUPLE

Charges - Supports Sharp effort Bending moment Deformation

BEAMS ON THREE LEVEL SUPPORTS

Guided work on material resistance 71