Statistics I Eng.

Gabriel Pérez Lance

Practical Work 1

Combinatorial analysis

1) A sweater factory can choose for the chest and the back (which must be of the
same color) among a palette of 10 colors, for the sleeves only 3 colors are
possible. How many different sweaters can be produced? And what if there were no
restriction of chest and back of the same color? Answer. 30 300.

2) How many different plates are there if 6 positions must be covered, the first 3 with
vowels and the last 3 with numbers? And if the vowels cannot be repeated? And if
Letters and vowels cannot be repeated? Answer: 125000 60000 43200.

3) 5 students must come forward to recite the lesson. How many possible orders are there?
Road 120.

In a garden room, there are 5 males and 4 females. How many ways can they be arranged?
poner en fila? ¿Y si las nenas deben ocupar las primeras posiciones? Rta. 362880
2880.

5) Family members gather every Sunday for lunch. Knowing

What are 9 people, how many circular permutations can be obtained? And if the
Will grandmother always sit under grandfather's portrait? (2 circular permutations)
they are considered equal if each object is preceded and followed by the same object.
Rta. 40320 40320.

6) How many 4-letter words can be formed using the letters of the word BONO?
Art. 12.

7) How many 7-letter words can be formed with the letters of the word
LEVELING? Answer. 420.

8) If I want to ensure I win the last 2 digits of the lottery, how many bets
What different ones should I make? Answer: 100.

9) 7 students are in equal conditions to be appointed as banner bearer and escort.

How many distinct groups can be formed to fill these positions? Answer: 42.

10) In a restaurant, there are 7 different ingredients for salad and 5 possible dressings.
How many salads with 4 ingredients and 3 dressings can be made? If 2 of the
dressings will combine very poorly, how many salads with 4 ingredients and 3 dressings are there
Could you make it so that they do not contain those dressings simultaneously? Answer: 350 245.

11) How many ways can 8 people be assigned to 2 groups of 3 people and one
of two? Answer. 560.

12) 10 friends must divide the tasks to set up a camp. 5 will set up the tents.
tents, 3 will cook and 2 will search for dry branches. How many different work groups?
Can there be? Answer: 2520.

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13) 5 different toys must be stored in 3 numbered boxes. How many ways?
Can the toys be assigned to the boxes? Answer: 243.

14) In how many ways can 15 identical candies be distributed among 3 kids? And if
Are we willing to leave some candies undelivered? Response 136 816.

15) It is required that 5 men and 4 women sit in a row in such a way that the
women occupy the even places. How many different ways can they sit?
If all possible ways of sitting have equal probability, what is the
Probability that Juan and Malena sit together? Answer: 2880 0.4.

16) Calculate how many ways it can be done:

a) Choose 2 people to fill the positions of: manager and head of personnel, based on
4 candidatos. Rta. 12.
b) Select 2 people from a group of 4 people. Answer: 6.
c) Assign 3 tasks to 3 operators, so that each operator performs exactly
a task. Answer 6.

Probability

Experience has shown that for every 100,000 units produced in a plant
In the morning shift, 200 are defective, and for every 100,000 units
producidas por el de la tarde, 500 tienen defectos. En un período de 24 horas, el
The morning shift produces 1000 units while the afternoon shift produces 600.
Find the probability that a unit taken at random from a total of 1600.
units produced in a period:

a) Be produced in the afternoon and be defective. Answer: 0.187500%.

b) It is produced in the afternoon and is not defective. Answer: 37.312500%.
c) It is defective. Response 0.312500%.

2) Suppose that the probability of having a blonde child is 0.25. If there are 6 boys in the
family, calculate the probability that half of them are blond. Answer.
0.13183594

3) Demonstrate that if A and B are any two non-empty events, then if A and B
They are mutually exclusive and cannot be independent.

4) Cards are dealt in a game of truco. Calculate:

a) The probability that the opponent has the ace of spades having sung
flower. Rta. 3/40.
b) The probability of having a flower, knowing that you have the ace of spades. Answer.
12/247.
c) The probability of having a flower and having the ace of spades. Answer: 9/2470.
d) The probability of having a flower or having the ace of spades. Answer: 237/1976.
e) The probability of having a spade flower. Answer: 3/247.
f) The probability of having a spade flower or the ace of spades. Answer.
165/1976.
g) The probability of having a spade flower or an ace. Answer: 651/2470.

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h) The probability of having a flower or the ace of spades knowing that my cards
son: 7 de oros, 5 de espadas, 6 de oros. Rta. 491/3885.

5) Calculate the probabilities of winning in the Prode, Quiniela, Quini games.

Roulette and Bingo

6) There are 2 urns: U1 and U2. Urn 1 has 2 red balls, 1 blue, and 2 white, and urn 2
it has 3 red, 2 blue, and 1 white. 2 balls are drawn from urn 1 and left to a
From the side, a third ball is also drawn from urn 1 and transferred to urn 2.
Finally, a ball is drawn from the urn. Calculate:
a) The probability that in the extraction from this second urn, the ball is red.
Rta. 17/35.
b) The probability that it is not white. Answer: 4/5.
c) The probability of it being blue. Answer: 11/35.
d) Repeat a, b and c) for the case in which we know that the ball we transferred is
white. Answer. 3/7 5/7 2/7.
e) Repeat a, b, and c) for the case where we know that the balls we leave to a
On the side, there is a white one and a red one. Reply. 10/21 17/21 1/3.
f) Repeat a, b and c) for the case where we know that the ball we transferred is
red and one of the ones we left aside is blue. Answer: 4/7 6/7 2/7.

An automotive agency receives a shipment of 20 new cars. Among these,

there are two that have defects. The agency decides to randomly select two
cars between 20 and accept boarding if neither of the two vehicles
selected has defects. Calculate the probability of accepting the shipment. Answer.
0.805263158.

8) Considering the data contained in the following table, calculate P(A | XUY).
Also indicate which of the nine values are consistent with the property of
independence.

X Y Z
A 0.03 0.08 0.19
B 0.03 0.07 0.30
C 0.04 0.05 0.21

0.366666667 consistent with independence: cell AX and cell CZ.

9) To study the preference for generic products (similar to branded products

but with the supermarket's brand and a lower price) a supermarket conducts a
survey. Customers are classified by the frequency of visits to the supermarket
as frequent or infrequent and by their frequency of product acquisition
generics such as: often, sometimes, never. The table shows the proportions of
surveyed individuals:

Purchase of generic products

Visit frequency Often Sometimes Never
Frequent 0.12 0.48 0.19
Infrequent 0.07 0.06 0.08

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a) Find the probability that a customer who never buys generic products
be a frequent visitor. Ans. 0.703703704.
b) Indicate whether the events 'never buys generic products' and 'visitor'
"Frequent" are independent. Answer: no.
c) Calculate the probability that a frequent customer buys products
generics. Answer: 0.759493671.
d) Find the probability that a customer is a frequent visitor or never
buy generic products. Answer. 0.87.

10) Advisor A estimates that the probability of company X making profits this
year is 10%. It also estimates that the probability of the competing company
having losses this year is 20%. In the case that the competing company
has losses this year, advisor A estimates that the probability that company X
profits would increase by 40%. Advisor B agrees with A on the
estimates of 10% and 20%, but maintains that the probability of making a profit
from company X if the competition has losses is 55% Can you
determine with certainty if either of the two advisors is wrong? Answer: Yes
It can be stated that Advisor B is wrong.

It has been established that 10% of the cars in a city generate

pollution above admissible values. Given that the health of the
population is at stake, a system was developed to detect when it exceeds
los niveles permitidos. El sistema detecta exitosamente el 99% de los automóviles
that emit too much pollution, but there is a 5% chance that
indicate excessive pollution when in reality it is not like that. Determine the
probability that a detected car is a pollutant. Answer: 0.6875.

12) Considering a group of 10 people, calculate the probability that none have
2 or more that have a birthday on the same day. Answer: 0.8830518223.

13) There are 10 cards numbered from 1 to 10. They are randomly placed in a row. Find the
probability that:

a) The 1 and the 2 appear one after the other. Answer. 1/10.
b) The 1, 2, and 3 appear one after the other. Answer: 1/90.

14) From a deck of 40 Spanish cards, cards are drawn one after another. Calculate the
Probability that the first 6 appears after the tenth extraction. Answer.
0.2998686946.

15) Let's suppose the case of a lottery with 100,000 numbers from 00000 to 99999 with 10
Prizes. Indicate the probability that no palindromic number will be awarded.
Rta. 0.9043779639.

16) There are 5 urns each containing 10 balls numbered from 1 to 10. One is drawn.
ball from each urn. Calculate the probability that the highest number drawn is
less than or equal to 7. Answer: 0.16807.

17) There is a bag with 3 blue tokens and 7 white ones. Tokens are drawn randomly one after another.
Calculate the probability that the 3 blue chips come out one after another.
another. Response. 0.066666667.

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18) A box has 10 blue balls, 8 white, and 6 red. 6 balls are drawn. Indicate the
probability of drawing 2 blue, 2 white, and 2 red. Answer. 0.1404202205.

A car is parked in the only available spot in a row of 50.

automobiles. It is not parked at either end of the row. Upon returning
the owner checks that there are 40 cars left in the row. Calculate the
probability of having empty spaces in front and behind your car. Answer.
0.03826530612.

A urn contains 5 blue balls and 5 white balls. 5 balls are drawn at random and set aside.
without looking at them. Then another ball is taken out which turns out to be blue. Indicate which one is the
Probability that by making another draw another blue ball will be taken. Answer: 4/9.

Bag V has 2 blue balls and 3 white ones. Bag W has 1 blue and 1 white.
A ball is transferred from V to W and then another one from W to V. Calculate the probability.
that finally the composition of these bags has not changed. Response 2/3.

Die A has 4 black sides and 2 white. Die B has 2 black sides and 4.
White. A coin is tossed, and if it lands on heads, die A is rolled; if it lands on tails, the die is rolled.
given B.
a) Indicate the probability of rolling a black color with the die. Answer: 1/2.
b) If a black die is rolled, calculate the probability of having used die A. Answer: 2/3.

23) Machines A, B, and C produce 25%, 35%, and 40% of the total production.
screws, with a defective percentage of 5%, 4%, and 2% respectively. They
take a random screw from the daily production. If it turns out to be defective, indicate the
probability that the given screw was manufactured by machine A. Answer: 25/69.

24) On a route, 25% of the vehicles are trucks and 75% are cars. The respective
The probabilities of stopping at a certain gas station are 0.01 and 0.02.
Calculate the probability that the next machine to stop will be a truck. Ans.
1/7.

25) A player drew trump in a hand of trick. Indicate the probability that they have.
drawn the ace and the 7 of swords. Answer. 0.016666667.

Urn V has 1 white ball and 2 black balls. Urn W has 2 white balls and 1 black ball.
Urn X has 2 white balls and 2 black ones. A white ball is drawn from a urn.
chosen at random. Returning the drawn ball to the original urn. Calculate the
probability of drawing another white ball from that urn. Answer: 29/162.

27) The probability of finding congestion between two telephone exchanges is 0.05. In
in cases of encountering congestion, the call is rerouted through another alternative route whose
the probability of congestion is x. If the call encounters congestion on the route
alternative, is lost. Calculate x so that the probability of a call being
Loss is 0.01. Response. 0.2.

28) A box V has one blue ball and two white ones. Another bag W has two blue ones and one
white. From one of the bags, chosen at random, 5 extractions are made with

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replacement, obtaining 3 blue and 2 white. Calculate the probability of having

selected the bag V. Rta. 1/3.

29) A die is thrown, if it lands even a blue marble is placed in a bag and if it lands odd it ...
put a white ball in that bag. This operation is repeated 4 times. After that
two balls are simultaneously extracted from the bag. Assuming these balls are
blue balls, indicate the probability that originally there were in the bag
There have been 3 blue balls and 1 white. Answer: 0.5.

30) In a box there are 10 different pairs of shoes. 4 shoes are drawn at random. Calculate
the probability that no pair can be formed with those 4 shoes. Answer.
244/495.

31) Consider the following experiment: A fair die is thrown and the number is observed.
obtained. Furthermore, consider the events: A: "an odd number different from 3 is rolled"
It results in a number greater than or equal to 3. The request is:
a) Calcular P(A) , P(B) , P(AUB) y P(A B). Rta. 1/3 2/3 5/6 1/6.
b) Indicar si los sucesos A y B son o no independientes. Rta. no son independientes.
c) Indicar si los sucesos A y B son o no mutuamente excluyentes. Rta. no son
disjoint.
d) Hallar P(A/B) y P(B/A). Rta. 1/4 1/2.

A company manufactures two different products: A and B. The consumer market for
these products are composed of 60% that are consumed exclusively by the
product A and 40% that exclusively consume product B. In addition, it has been
it has been established that 20% of those who consume product A are men,
while 25% of the consumers of product B are women.
It is requested to calculate:
a) The probability that, when randomly selecting a consumer, that consumer is a woman given
what consumes product A. Response 0.80.
b) El porcentaje de hombres del mercado consumidor. Rta- 0.42.
c) The probability that when surveying a woman she says that she consumes A. Answer.
0.8276
d) Indicate whether the events 'consumes product A' and 'is a woman' are independent.
Rta. no.

33) From a batch of 100 pieces, it is known that 15 are defective. 5 pieces are randomly selected.
said lot. It is requested to calculate: i) assuming sampling with replacement. ii) assuming
sampling without replacement.
a) The probability that none of these 5 pieces is faulty. Answer: i) 0.4437 ii)
0.4357.
b) The probability that at least one of the pieces fails. Answer i) 0.5563 ii)
0.5643
c) At most one of the pieces is defective. Answer: i) 0.8352 ii) 0.8391.

34) En una oficina hay 30 empleados , 10 mujeres y 20 hombres. 5 de los hombres son
foreigners and all women are Argentine.
a) If an employee is chosen at random, what is the probability that they are foreign?
Rta. 1/6.
b) If a man was chosen, what is the probability that he is a foreigner? Answer: 1/4.
c) If a woman was chosen, what is the probability that she is foreign? Answer: 0.

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Sucor manufactures chocolate with almonds. On average, 1 in 30 has a percentage.

of almonds less than declared on the package. Calculate the probability that when
take 2 chocolates at random
a) Both have a percentage lower than declared. Answer 1/900.
b) Only the first one has a percentage lower than declared. Answer: 29/900.
c) Only the second has a percentage lower than stated. Answer: 29/900.
d) None have a percentage lower than declared. Rta. 841/900.
e) Occurs a, b or c. Rta. 59/900.

36) In a restaurant, there are 3 waiters. The first one serves 40% of the tables and is
makes a mistake on the invoice 5 out of 100 times. The second one attends to 35% and makes mistakes.
7 out of every 100 times on the invoice. The third one addresses the remaining 25% and makes 4 mistakes.
out of every 100. The owner finds an invoice with errors and wants to know the
probability that it was made by the first, second, or third waiter. Answer.
36.6972% 44.95413% 18.3486%

38) A urn contains one red ball, 2 white ones, and 3 blue ones. They are drawn without replacement.
Knowing that the second ball drawn is red, calculate the probability that the
first has been:
a) Red. Answer. 0.
b) White. Answer. 2/5.
c) Blue. Answer 3/5.
d) Calculate the probability of drawing a red one in the second extraction. Answer: 1/6.

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