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CLASS IX [11/07/25] MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS PRACTICE PROBLEMS

Subjective Type
1. What are the conditions for 'something' to be called 'matter'?
2. Name two processes which provide the best evidence for the motion of particles in matter.
3. Which single term is used to describe the mixing of copper sulphate and water kept in a beaker, on
its own?
4. When sugar is dissolved in water, there is no increase in the volume. Which characteristic of matter
is illustrated by this observation?
5. Even two or three crystals of potassium permanganate can impart colour to a very large volume of
water. Which characteristic of particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
6. When an incense stick (agarbatti) is lighted in one corner of a room, its fragrance spreads in the
whole room quickly. Which characteristic of the particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
7. A piece of chalk can be broken into small particles by hammering but a piece of iron cannot be
broken into small particles by hammering. Which characteristic of the particles of matter is
illustrated by these observations?
8. What is the scientific name of particles which make up matter?
9. Name the process by which a drop of ink spreads in a beaker of water.

10. What is the general name of:

(a) rigid form of matter?
(b) fluid forms of matter?
11. Out of solids, liquids and gases, which one has:
(a) maximum movement of particles?
(b) maximum interparticle attractions?
(c) minimum spaces between particles?
12. 'A substance has a definite volume but no definite shape'. State whether this substance is a solid, a
liquid a gas.
13. Name the physical state of matter which can be easily compressed.
14. 'A substance has a definite shape as well as a definite volume'. Which physical state is represented
by the statement?
15. A substance has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume. State whether it is a solid, a liquid or a
gas.
16. Name two gases which are supplied in compressed form in homes and hospitals.
17. Write the full forms of the following :
(a) LPG (b) CNG
18. Which of the two diffuses faster : a liquid or a gas
19. Which of the two diffuses slower : bromine vapour into air or copper sulphate into water?
20. State whether the following statement is true or false :
Red-brown bromine vapour diffuse into air in a gas jar but the colourless air molecules do not
diffuse in bromine vapour.
21. A bottle of perfume was opened in a room. The smell of its vapours spread in the entire room. Name
the property of gases which is responsible for this behaviour of perfume vapours.
22. If the fish is being fried in a neighbouring home, we can smell it sitting in our own home. Name the
process which brings this smell to us.

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23. Name one property of liquids and gases which tells us that their molecules are moving constantly.
24. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words
(a) The best evidence that the particles of matter are constantly moving comes from the studies of....
(b) The smell of perfume gradually spreads across a room due to............
(c) Solid, liquid and gas are the three............. of matter
(d) At room temperature, the forces of attraction between the particles of solid substances
are...............tha those which exist in the gaseous state.
(e) The arrangement of particles is less ordered in the......................state. However, there is no order
the..........state.
25. State two characteristics of matter demonstrated by:
(a) diffusion. (b) Brownian motion.
26. Name the scientist who studied the movement of pollen grains suspended in water through a
microscope. What is this phenomenon known as ?
27. When a crystal of potassium permanganate is placed in a beaker, its purple colour spreads
throughout the water. What does this observation tell us about the nature of potassium
permanganate and water ?
28. When a gas jar containing air is inverted over a gas jar containing bromine vapour, the red-brown
bromine vapour diffuse into air. Explain how bromine vapour diffuse into air.
29. Describe in your own words, what happens to the particles when salt dissolves in water.
30. Explain why, we can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a plank of wood, we
need a karate expert.
31. Give one example of the diffusion of a solid in another solid
32. Explain why, the diffusion of a solid in another solid is a very slow process.
33. Which of the following diffuses fastest and which the slowest?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Give reasons for your answer.
34. Explain the following: When an incense stick is lighted in the corner of a room, its fragrance spreads
quickly in the entire room.
35. Name the three states of matter. Give one example of each.
36. State two characteristic properties each of :
(a) a solid (b) a liquid (c) a gas
37. Why do gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume ?
38. How do solids, liquids and gases differ in shape and volume?
39. Arrange the following substances in increasing order of force of attraction between their particles
(keeping the substance having the minimum force of attraction first):

Water, Sugar, Oxygen

40. Give two reasons to justify that:
(a) Water is a liquid at room temperature
(b) An iron almirah is a solid.
41. (a) When an incense stick (agarbatti) is lighted in one corner of a room, its fragrance quickly spreads
in the entire room. Name the process involved in this.
(b) A girl is cooking some food in the kitchen. The smell of food being cooked soon reaches her
brother's room. Explain how the smell could have reached her brother's room.
42. (a) What does the diffusion of gases tell us about their particles?
(b) Give one example of diffusion of gases in a liquid.
43. Give reason for the following observation:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches us even from a considerable distance but to get the smell from
cold food, we have to go close to it.
44. Explain how, the smell of food being cooked in the kitchen reaches us even from a considerable
distance.
45. Explain why, when a bottle of perfume is opened in a room, we can smell it even from a considerable
distance.
46. When a crystal of copper sulphate is placed at the bottom of a beaker containing water, the water
slowly turns blue. Why ?
47. Honey is more viscous than water. Can you suggest why?

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48. Explain why :
(a) air is used to inflate tyres.
(b) steel is used to make railway lines.
49. Explain why, diffusion occurs more quickly in a gas than in a liquid.
50. (a) What is meant by ‘diffusion’ ? Give one example of diffusion in gases.
(b) Why do gases diffuse very fast ?
(c) Name two gases of air which dissolve in water by diffusion. What is the importance of this process
nature ?
51. (a) Compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases in tabular form.
(b) Give two reasons for saying that wood is a solid.

52. (a) Why does a gas exert pressure?

(b) Why does a gas fill a vessel completely?
(c) Why are gases so easily compressible whereas it is almost impossible to compress a solid or a
liquid
53. (a) Define matter. Give four examples of matter.
(b) What are the characteristics of matter?
54. (a) What is Brownian motion? Draw a diagram to show the movement of a particle (like a pollen gra
during Brownian motion.
(b) In a beam of sunlight entering a room, we can sometimes see dust particles moving in a
haphazard w in the air. Why do these dust particles move ?
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
55. When a crystal of potassium permanganate is placed at the bottom of water in a beaker, the water in
whole beaker turns purple on its own, even without stirring. This is an example of :
(a) distribution (b) intrusion
(c) diffusion (d) effusion
56. Which one of the following statement is correct in respect of fluids ?
(a) only gases behave as fluids (b) gases and solids behave as fluids
(c) gases and liquids behave as fluids (d) only liquids are fluids
57. A few substances are arranged in the increasing order of 'forces of attraction' between their particles.
Which one of the following represents the correct arrangement ?
(a) water, air, wind (b) air, sugar, oil
(c) oxygen, water, sugar (d) salt, juice
58. In which of the following conditions, the distance between the molecules of hydrogen gas would
increase
(i) increasing pressure on hydrogen contained in a closed container
(ii) some hydrogen gas leaking out of the container
(iii) increasing the volume of the container of hydrogen gas
(iv) adding more hydrogen gas to the container without increasing the volume of the container
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)

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59. Out of the following, an example of matter which can be termed as fluid is:
(a) carbon (b) sulphur
(c) oxygen (d) phosphorus
60. The best evidence for the existence and movement of particles in liquids was provided by:
(a) John Dalton (b) Ernest Rutherford
(c) J.J. Thomson (d) Robert Brown
61. A form of matter has no fixed shape but it has a fixed volume. An example of this form of matter is:
(a) krypton (b) kerosene
(c) carbon steel (d) carbon dioxide
62. Which of the following statement is incorrect ?
(a) the particles of matter are very, very small
(b) the particles of matter attract one another
(c) the particles of some of the matter are moving constantly
(d) the particles of all the matter have spaces between them
63. When a gas jar full of air is placed upside down on a gas jar full of bromine vapours, the red-brown
vapours of bromine from the lower jar go upward into the jar containing air. In this experiment :
(a) air is heavier than bromine
(b) both air and bromine have the same density
(c) bromine is heavier than air
(d) bromine cannot be heavier than air because it is going upwards against gravity
64. When a gas jar containing colourless air is kept upside down over a gas jar full of brown-coloured
bromine vapour, then after some time, the brown colour of bromine vapour spreads into the upper
gas jar making both the gas jars appear brown in colour. Which of the following conclusion obtained
from these observations is incorrect ?
(a) bromine vapour is made of tiny particles which are moving
(b) air is made up of tiny particles which are moving
(c) the particles of bromine are moving but those of air are not moving
(d) even though bromine vapour is heavier than air, it can move up against gravity
65. Which one of the following statements is not true?
(a) the molecules in a solid vibrate about a fixed position
(b) the molecules in a liquid are arranged in a regular pattern
(c) the molecules in a gas exert negligibly small forces on each other, except during, collisions
(d) the molecules of a gas occupy all the space available
66. Look at the diagram on the right side. Jar A contains a red-brown gas whereas jar B contains a
colourless gas. The two gas jars are separated by a glass plate placed between them.

(a) What will happen when the glass plate between the two jars is pulled away?
(b) What name is given to the phenomenon which takes place?
(c) Name the brown gas which could be in jar A.
(d) Which is the colourless gas most likely to be present in jar B ?
(e) Name one coloured solid and one colourless liquid which can show the same phenomenon.
67. Bromine and air take about 15 minutes to diffuse completely but bromine diffuses into a vacuum
very rapidly. Why is this so?
68. Bromine particles are almost twice as heavy as chlorine particles. Which gas will diffuse faster;
bromine (vapour) or chlorine? Explain your answer.
69. Why is a liquid (the hydraulic fluid) used to operate the brakes in a car ?
70. Explain why, a small volume of water in a kettle can fill a kitchen with steam.
71. Explain why, osmosis can be considered to be a special kind of diffusion. Classify the following into
(i) osmosis, and (ii) diffusion:
(a) swelling up of a raisin on keeping in water
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 (b) spreading of virus on sneezing
(c) earthworm dying on coming in contact with common salt
(d) shrinking of grapes kept in thick sugar syrup
(e) preserving of pickles in salt
(f) spreading of smell of cake being baked in the kitchen
(g) aquatic animals using oxygen dissolved in water during respiration
72. A student placed a gas jar containing air in the upside down position over a gas jar full of red-brow
bromine vapours. He observed that the red-brown colour spread upwards into the jar containing air.
Bas on this observation, the student concluded that it is only the bromine vapour which moves up
and diffuse into air in the upper jar, the air from the upper jar does not move down by diffusion into
the lower containing bromine vapours. Do you agree with this conclusion of the student? Give
reason for your answer
73. An inflated balloon full of air goes down slowly (becomes smaller and smaller slowly) even though the
kept at the mouth of the balloon is airtight. And after a week all the air has escaped from the
balloon. Explanation how the air particles got out of the balloon.
74. When extremely small particles X derived from the anther of a flower were suspended in a liquid Yat
observed through a microscope, it was found that the particles X were moving throughout the liquid
Y very zig-zag way. It was also observed that warmer the liquid Y, faster the particles X moved on its
surface
(a) What could particles X be?
(b) What do you think liquid Y is?
(c) What is the zig-zag movement of X known as?
(d) What is causing the zig-zag movement of particles X?
(e) Name the scientist who discovered this phenomenon.
(What does this experiment tell us about the nature of liquid Y?
75. When a beam of sunlight enters a room through a window, we can see tiny particles X suspended in
a (or rather a mixture of gases) Y which are moving rapidly in a very haphazard manner.
(a) What could particles X be?
(b) Name the gas (or mixture of gases) Y.
(c) What is the phenomenon exhibited by particles X known as?
(d) What is causing the movement of particles X?
(e) What conclusion does the existence of this phenomenon give us about

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