Chapter 1
Development
ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT
GRADE 10
1 For development, people look at a mix of ______.
a) goals b) responsibilities
c) accountability d) none of the above
For comparison between countries, total income is not such a useful measure. State
whether true or false.
a) true b) false
3 For comparing the development of countries, their _______ is considered to be one of
the most important attributes.
a) income b) population
c) demographics d) none of the above
4 Countries with per capita income of US$ 49,300 per annum and above in 2019, are called
______.
a) underdeveloped countries b) developing countries
c) poor countries d) rich countries
5 India comes in the category of ________ countries because its per capita income in
2019 was just US$ 6700 per annum.
a) low middle income b) middle income
c) high middle income d) none of the above
6 Among the following states __________ has the highest per capita income as per 2017-
18 figures.
a) Maharashtra b) Bihar
c) Kerala d) Jharkhand
From the given table in the chapter, which state has the highest net attendance ratio?
a) Gujarat b) Maharashtra
c) Kerala d) Bihar
8 As per 2018, which among the following states has the highest infant mortality rate per
1000 live births?
a) Kerala b) Bihar c) Maharashtra
d) All of the above have the same infant mortality rate
9 Among the following South Asian countries, ______ had the highest life expectancy at
birth.
a) Myanmar b) Sri Lanka
c) Nepal d) India
10 As per 2018 report ________ had the HDI rank of 134 in the world.
a) Sri Lanka b) Pakistan
c) India d) Bangladesh
11 Economic development by maintaining the natural resources for present and
future use is known as
(a) sustainable development (b) planned development
(c) human development Index (d) development
12 Development criteria include
(a) income (b) equal treatment
(c) freedom (d) all of these
13 People may have different developmental goals; what is development for one, may even
be ........... for the other.
(a) destructive (b) constructive
(c) same (d) equal
14 TRUE/FALSE
1. Average income and per capita income both are the same concepts. Ans : True
2. HDI is compared on the basis of education only. Ans : False
3. Literacy Rate means people of 7 years and above. Ans : False
4. Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years
attending
school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age [Link]
5. Life expectancy is age at the time of death. Ans : False
15 FILL IN THE BLANK
1. The average income is also known as .......... Ans : Per capita income
2. BMI stands for .......... Ans : Body Mass Index
3. Per capita income for all countries is calculated in -----------------------
currency .Ans:Dollars
4. HDI rank of India is ..........as per 2018 HDR report Ans : 130 (2018-HDI Report)
5. Literacy rate in Bihar in the year 2017-18 was ......... Ans : 62%
Define the following:
1 (a)Economic Development -. Economic development is a sustained increase in real per Capita income
that promotes economic welfare by reducing poverty, unemployment & inequalities in distribution of
Income.
b Different Indicators of development The different indicators of development is
poverty,unemployment,health,education, Inequality, gender ,human Security, environmental sustainability
2. BMI-It is used to measure the undernourishment and over nourishment among the people
3. Net Attendance Ratio-total number of children of age group 14-15 attending school as a percentage of
total number of children in the same age group
4. Human development Index-HDI is a composite index of achievements of a nation in terms of three
important variables that determine the quality of life. These three variables are longevity, knowledge &
standard of living. It is prepared by United Nations Development program.
5. Per capita Income-Per capita income, also known as income per person, is the average income of the
people in a country or city. It is calculated by taking the total income of the country divided by its total
population
6. Life Expectancy-Average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth
7. Gross enrolment Ratio-The enrolment ratio for primary school, secondary school and higher education
beyond secondary school
Q. 8 In what respects is the criterion used by UNDP for measuring development different from the
one used by the World Bank?
Ans. The World Bank uses the criterion of per capita income (measured in dollar terms) to classify countries
as high-income or low-income countries. Countries with a per capita income of $ 12,055 per annum &
above are considered rich countries, while those with a per capita income of $995 per annum or less are
classified as low-income countries (according to WBR 2018). But the limitation of this criterion is that it
doesn’t tell us anything about the distribution of income in a country.
UNDP uses a different criterion called the human development index (HDI). HDI is a composite index on a
scale of 0-1 measured based on three indicators,
a) Longevity: - It is measured in terms of life expectancy
b) Knowledge: - It is measured by a combination of adult literacy & combined enrollment ratio
c) Standard of living: - It is measured by real per capita income in dollars
The country with 0 HDI will be at the bottom & the one with 1 HDI will be at the top. All other countries
are in between.
Q. 9 ‘While average income is useful for comparison but it may hide disparities’. Discuss.
Ans. Per capita income is an important criterion for development is considered to be one of the most
important attributes for comparing countries but is suffers from the following limitations:
( i ) Per capita income doesn’t tell us anything about the distribution of income. A poor country with a more
equal distribution of income would be better off than a richer country with unequal distribution of income.
( ii ) Per capita income doesn’t measure various facilities & services that influence quality of life e.g. health
facilities, education facilities, equal treatment etc.
( iii ) It is effected by size of population. Even with a large national income, per capita income will be low
if a country has large population.
Q. 10 Why Kerala has a better human development ranking than Haryana in spite of
lower per capita income?
Ans. Kerala has lower per capita income but better human development ranking than Haryana
because of many factors. Kerala has the highest literacy rate in the country. The Infant Mortality
Rate of Kerala (10) is much less than Haryana(33). Net Attendance Ratio of Kerala (83) is
higher than that of Haryana (61). Kerala has better health and educational infrastructure than
Haryana. Kerala also has better public facilities and Public Distribution System (PDS) functions
well. Health and nutritional status of people of such states is certainly likely to be better.
.Q.11 Why is the issue of sustainability important?
Ans. The issue of sustainability is important for development because development must be
in tandem with the future.
If natural resources are not sustained, then development will stagnate after a point of time.
Exploiting resources unethically will ultimately undo the development that a country may
have achieved. This is because in the future, those resources will not be available for further
progress.
Sustainable development lays special emphasis on environmental protection.
Q12 : "The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy
the greed of even one person". How is this statement relevant to the discussion of
development? Discuss.
Answer : "The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the
greed of even one person". This statement is relevant to the discussion of development since
both resources and development go hand in hand.
For the sustainability of development, the maintenance of resources is also crucial. As the
statement claims, the Earth has enough to satisfy everyone's needs; however, these need to be
used with a view to keeping the environment protected and clean so that a balance of production
and use is maintained, and shortages are avoided.
Extra Questions
Distinguish between economic development & human development.
Human Development Economic Development
1. It refers to human centered 1. It refers to a sustained increase
approach towards development. It in real per capita income that promotes
focuses on people & qualitative economic benefits by reducing poverty,
improvement in human life. unemployment & inequalities in the
2. The human development index distribution of income.
indicates it. 2. It can be indicated by national
3. It is an umbrella term & income & per capita income.
includes economic development also. 3. It is a narrower term as
It considers human welfare. Should be compared to economic development.
increased through investments in 4. It is considered that people can
education & health be made better off by increasing their
command of goods and services.
DEVELOPMENT
Topics
Income and I need help to List the Able to Able to explain Able to list
other goals understand importance of describe that that for real life
the concepts income and why do development examples
other goals in different people look at which shows
life persons have mix of goals that there are
different many other
notions of factors other
development than income
are important
aspect of our
lives
Sustainable I need help to List the Explain the Able to identify Able to
development understand challenges impact of the problems explain the
concept facing due to challenges will faced by issues of
over utilization facing future sustainability
of natural generation important for
resources development
Self/Peer Appraisal Teacher’s Appraisal