Python Flow
Control
if...else
for Loop
while loop
Break and
continue
Pass statement
if statement
In computer programming, the if statement is a conditional
statement.
It is used to execute a block of code only when a specific
condition is met.
For example,
Suppose we need to assign different grades to students based
on their scores.
[Link] a student scores above 90, assign grade A
[Link] a student scores above 75, assign grade B
[Link] a student scores above 65, assign grade C
These conditional tasks can be achieved using the if
statement.
An if statement executes a block of code only when the specified
condition is met.
Syntax
if condition:
# body of if statement
If condition evaluates to True, the body of the if statement is
executed.
If condition evaluates to False, the body of the if statement
will be skipped from execution.
If user enters 10, the condition number > 0 evaluates to True.
Therefore, the body of if is executed.
If user enters -5, the condition number > 0 evaluates to False.
Therefore, the body of if is skipped from execution
Indentation in Python
Python uses indentation to define a block of code, such as
the body of an if statement.
x=1
total = 0
# start of the if statement
if x != 0:
total += x
print(total)
# end of the if statement
Here, the body of if has two statements. We know this because
two statements (immediately after if) start with indentation.
We usually use four spaces for indentation in Python, although
any number of spaces works as long as we are consistent.
You will get an error if you write the above code like this:
# Error code
x=1
total = 0
if x != 0:
total += x
print(total)
Python if...else Statement
An if statement can have an optional else clause. The else
statement executes if the condition in the if statement evaluates
to False.
Syntax
if condition:
# body of if statement
else:
# body of else statement
Here, if the condition inside the if statement evaluates to
True - the body of if executes, and the body of else is
skipped.
False - the body of else executes, and the body of if is
skipped
if...elif...else Statement
The if...else statement is used to execute a block of code
among two alternatives.
However, if we need to make a choice between more than two
alternatives, we use the if...elif...else statement.
Syntax
if condition1:
# code block 1
elif condition2:
# code block 2
else:
# code block 3
Python Nested if statements
It is possible to include an if number = 5
statement inside another if
# outer if statement
statement. For example, if number >= 0:
# inner if statement
if number == 0:
print('Number is 0')
# inner else statement
else:
print('Number is positive')
# outer else statement
else:
print('Number is negative')
Loops
Loops are used in programming to repeat a specific block of
code.
Looping Constructs in Python
Whil
e
for
While Loop
The while loop in python is used to iterate over a block of code
as long as the test expression (condition) is true.
We generally use this loop when we don’t know the number of
times to iterate
Syntax
while condition:
# code to execute
Condition is a boolean expression that determines whether the
loop should continue or not.
For example, let’s say we want to print the number from 1 to 5
using a while loop:
num = 1
while num <= 5:
print(num)
num += 1
In this example, we initialize the num variable to 1 and then
execute the loop as long as num is less than or equal to 5. Inside
the loop we print the current value of num and then increment it
by 1
For loops
We use for loop when we want to iterate over a collection of items
or when we know the exact number of times we want to execute a
block of code
Here’s the code for a for loop in python
for variable in iterable:
# code to execude
Variable is a variable that represents the current item in the
iterable that we’re iterating over
iterable is a collection of items that we want to iterate over,
such as list, tuple, string, or range
Loop continues until we reach the last item in the sequence.
# list of numbers
numbers = [5, 6, 7, 3, 2, 1]
# iterate over the list
for val in numbers:
print(val)
Range Function:
We can generate a sequence of numbers using range()
function.
range(10) will generate numbers from 0 to 9 (10 numbers)
break and
continue
Loops iterate over a block of code until text expression is
false, but sometimes we wish to terminate the current
iteration or even the whole loop without checking test
expression.
break statement:
The break statement terminates the loop containing it. Control
of the program flows to the statement immediately after the
body of the loop.
If break statement is inside a nested loop (loop inside another
loop), break will terminate the innermost loop.
Continue Statement:
The continue statement is used to skip the rest of the code
inside a loop for the current iteration only. Loop does not
terminate but continues on with the next iteration.
Pass Statement
Suppose we have a loop or a function that is not implemented
yet, but we want to implement it in the future.
They cannot have empty body.
We use the pass statement to construct a body that does
nothing.
# pass is just a placeholder for functionality to be added later.
sequence = {’p’, ‘a’, ‘s’, ‘s’}
for val in sequence:
pass
Let’s Practice
WAP to check if a number entered by the user is odd or even.
WAP to find the greatest of 3 numbers entered by the user.
WAP to check if a number is a multiple of 7 or not.
WAP to find the sum of first n numbers. (using while)
WAP to find the factorial of first n numbers. (using for)
Ask the user to enter a number and check whether it is positive, negative, or zero.
Take a number as input and print its multiplication table up to 10. (Assignment)