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Basic Science Concepts Explained

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Jazmine Dela Rosa
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9 views4 pages

Basic Science Concepts Explained

Uploaded by

Jazmine Dela Rosa
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SCIENCE REVIEWER (Basic Concepts)

Simple English, easy to understand

1. MATTER
What is Matter?

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

States of Matter

 Solid – fixed shape, fixed volume


 Liquid – no fixed shape, fixed volume
 Gas – no fixed shape, no fixed volume

Changes in State

 Melting – solid to liquid


 Freezing – liquid to solid
 Evaporation – liquid to gas
 Condensation – gas to liquid
 Sublimation – solid to gas

2. FORCE & MOTION


Force

A push or pull.

Types of Force

 Gravity – pulls objects toward Earth


 Friction – slows down objects
 Magnetism – force from magnets

Motion
Movement from one place to another.

3. ENERGY
Forms of Energy

 Light energy
 Heat energy
 Sound energy
 Electrical energy
 Mechanical energy (movement)

Sources of Energy

 Sun
 Food
 Batteries
 Fuels (gas, oil)

4. CELLS & LIVING THINGS


Cell

Basic unit of life.

Two Types of Cells

 Plant Cell – with cell wall and chloroplast


 Animal Cell – no cell wall

Characteristics of Living Things

 Grow
 Reproduce
 Need energy
 Respond to environment
 Move
 Breathe
 Excrete waste
5. HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
Major Body Systems

 Circulatory System – heart pumps blood


 Respiratory System – lungs help you breathe
 Digestive System – breaks down food
 Nervous System – brain controls body
 Muscular System – helps you move
 Skeletal System – bones support the body
 Reproductive System – produces offspring

6. EARTH SCIENCE
Layers of the Earth

 Crust – outer layer


 Mantle – middle layer
 Core – inner layer (outer & inner core)

Types of Rocks

 Igneous – formed from cooled lava


 Sedimentary – formed from compressed layers
 Metamorphic – changed by heat & pressure

Weather vs Climate

 Weather – daily condition of the atmosphere


 Climate – long-term pattern of weather

7. ECOSYSTEMS
Ecosystem

A community of living and nonliving things interacting.

Parts

 Biotic – living things (plants, animals)


 Abiotic – nonliving (sunlight, water, soil)

Food Chain

 Producers → Consumers → Decomposers

Producers – plants
Consumers – animals
Decomposers – fungi, bacteria

8. THE SOLAR SYSTEM


Sun

Center of the solar system.

Planets (in order)

1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune

Moon Phases

 New moon
 First quarter
 Full moon
 Last quarter

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