What is Syllable & Stress?

A Syllable is a unit of pronunciation that contains a

vowel sound, either alone or with one or more
consonant sounds. Essentially, it’s a single,
uninterrupted sound produced as part of a word.
For example, the word “banana” has three
syllables:
ba-na-na
• A vowel word between two consonant words is called a
syllable.
 What is Syllable & Stress?

Note: Only one syllable is stressed in a word

that is called ‘Primary Stress’ & the next

syllable is called ‘Secondary Stress.’
Syllable & Stress
In terms of pronunciation, “Stress” refers to the emphasis placed on a syllable within a
word. It’s about giving more force or prominence to a particular syllable when speaking.
For example, in the word:
ba-na-na, the stress is typically on the second sylalble:
ba-NA-na
● Stress has three characteristics:

● 1: Louder

● 2: Longer

● 3: Clearer

Note: Only one syllable is stressed in a word that is called ‘Primary Stress’ & the next syllable is
called ‘Secondary Stress.’
 Today’s Vocabularies!
(‫ هدایت کردن موتر‬،‫ )رانندگی کردن با موتر‬She learned how to drive a car when she
Drive a car turned 18.

Hire a car (‫ کرایه کردن موتر‬،‫ )اجاره کردن موتر‬We’ll hire a car for our road trip.

Park a car (‫ توقف کردن موتر‬،‫ )پارک کردن موتر‬You can park a car in the garage over there.

Get into / out of a ( ‫ وارد شدن به موتر‬،‫سوار شدن موتر‬, ‫ بیرون آمدن از خودرو‬،‫ )پیاده شدن از ماشین‬He got into the
car quickly and started driving.
car
Car starts (‫ آغاز به کار کردن موتر‬،‫ )روشن شدن موتر‬The car wouldn’t start in the cold weather.
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(‫ برخورد کردن موتر‬،‫ )تصادف کردن موتر‬Two cars crashed on the highway last
Car crash night.

Car skids (‫ لغزیدن موتر‬،‫ )سر خوردن موتر‬The car skidded on the icy road.

(‫ از کار افتادن موتر‬،‫ )خراب شدن موتر‬Their car broke down on their way to the
Car breaks down wedding.

A luxury car (‫ موتر مجلل‬،‫ )موتر لوکس‬He bought a luxury car to celebrate his promotion.
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A reliable car (‫ موتر مطمئن‬،‫ )موتر قابل اطمینان‬My car is very reliable and rarely has problems.

(‫ موتر مقرون به صرفه‬،‫ )موتر اقتصادی‬They chose an economical car to save on

An economical car fuel.

A spacious car (‫ موتر بزرگ‬،‫ )موتر جادار‬This is a spacious car, perfect for families.

A sports car (‫ )موتر ورزشی‬He loves driving his sports car on weekends.
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(‫ سیستم هشدار موتر‬،‫ )دزدگیر موتر‬The car alarm went off in the middle of the
A car alarm night.

(‫ حادثه رانندگی‬،‫ )تصادف موتر‬She was involved in a car accident but

A car accident wasn’t hurt.

(‫ جای پارک موتر‬،‫ )پارکینگ موتر‬There’s a car park nearby where you can leave
A car park your car.

(‫ سوییچ موتر‬،‫ )کلیدهای موتر‬Don’t forget to take your car keys

Your car keys before leaving.
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(‫ مصرف کردن گوشت‬،‫ )گوشت خوردن‬Some people don’t eat meat for health or
Eat meat ethical reasons.

Cook meat (‫ تیار کردن گوشت‬،‫ )پختن گوشت‬It takes time to cook meat properly.

(‫ تفت دادن گوشت‬،‫ )سرخ کردن گوشت‬She likes to fry meat with onions and
Fry meat spices.

(‫ قاچ کردن گوشت‬،‫ )قطعه کردن گوشت‬He carefully sliced the meat into thin
Slice meat pieces.
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Chop meat into (‫ تکه کردن گوشت به قطعات‬،‫ )ریزه کردن گوشت‬The chef chopped the meat into
small pieces for the stew.
(pieces)
( ‫ خراب شدن گوشت‬،‫ )فاسد شدن گوشت‬Be careful; meat goes off quickly if not
Meat goes off stored properly.

Fresh meat (‫ گوشت نو‬،‫ )گوشت تازه‬They bought fresh meat from the butcher.

Frozen meat (‫ گوشت یخزده‬،‫ )گوشت منجمد‬She keeps frozen meat for emergencies.
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Raw meat (‫ گوشت ناپخته‬،‫ )گوشت خام‬Raw meat should be handled with care.

(‫ گوشت سفید‬،‫ )گوشت سرخ‬Chicken is considered white meat, while beef is red
Red/White meat meat.

Tender / Tough meat ( ‫ گوشت لطیف‬،‫ )گوشت نرم‬This restaurant serves very tender meat.

(‫ گوشت ناپخته‬،‫ )گوشت نیمپخته‬Eating undercooked meat can be harmful to

Undercooked meat health.
Today’s Vocabularies!
(‫ برس کردن مو‬،‫ )شانه کردن مو‬She brushes her hair every morning
Brush / Comb your hair before school.

Wash your hair (‫ پاک کردن مو‬،‫ )شستن مو‬He washes his hair twice a week.

(‫ بریدن مو‬،‫ )کوتاه کردن مو‬She decided to cut her hair short for the
Cut your hair summer..

(‫ اصالح کردن مو‬،‫ )موهای خود را کوتاه کردن‬He went to the salon to get
Get your hair cut his hair cut.
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(‫ ریختن مو‬،‫ )از دست دادن مو‬Some people start to lose their hair at
Lose your hair an early age.

Dye your hair (‫ تغییر رنگ مو‬،‫ )رنگ کردن مو‬She decided to dye her hair black.

(‫ موی کوتاه‬،‫ )موی دراز‬She has long hair, but her sister prefers
Long / Short hair short hair.

(‫موی تر‬, ‫ )موی خشک‬Don’t go outside with wet hair; you might
Wet / Dry hair catch a cold.
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(‫موی روشن‬, ‫موی خاکستری‬, ‫ )موی سیاه‬Her grandmother has grey hair,
Fair / Grey / Dark hair but she had fair hair when she was younger.

(‫موی صاف‬, ‫ )موی فِر‬She has naturally curly hair, but sometimes
Straight / Curly hair she straightens it.
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(‫ پاک کردن صورت‬،‫ )شستن صورت‬She washes her face every
Wash your face morning.

(‫ چهرهای را همیشه به خاطر سپردن‬،‫ )هیچوقت صورتی را فراموش نکردن‬He’s

Never forget a face great with people and never forgets a face.

(‫ آب زدن به صورت‬،‫ )صورت خود را با آب تر کردن‬He splashed his face

Splash your face with water with cold water to wake up.

Wipe your face (with a (‫ پاک کردن صورت با دستمال‬،‫ )خشک کردن صورت با حوله‬She wiped her
face with a towel after washing it.
towel)
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(‫ صورت آشنا‬،‫ )چهرهای آشنا‬In the crowd, he finally saw a familiar
A familiar face face.

(‫ صورت صادق‬،‫ )چهره صادقانه‬She has an honest face that people

An honest face trust.

(‫ صورت ناراحت‬،‫ )چهره غمگین‬He had a long face after hearing the
A long face bad news.

(‫ به یاد آوردن اسم کسی‬،‫ )نام گذاشتن روی چهره‬I remember his face but
Put a name to a face can’t put a name to it.

(‫ لبخند داشتن روی صورت‬،‫ )خنده داشتن بر چهره‬She always

Have a smile on your face has a smile on her face.
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(‫ سرخ شدن چهره‬،‫ )سرخ شدن صورت‬He went red in the face when he
Go red in the face realized his mistake.

Tell (him) straight to (his) (‫ رک و راست گفتن به کسی‬،‫ )مستقیم در صورتش گفتن‬She told him straight
to his face that he was wrong.
face
Your face is covered in/with (‫ صورت پوشیده با خاک‬،‫ )صورت با گل پوشیده شده‬After the hike, his face
was covered in mud.
(mud)
(Sweat) is running down ( ‫ عرق ریختن از صورت‬،‫ )عرق از صورت جاری شدن‬After the workout,
sweat was running down his face.
your face
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(‫ کلیدهای خود را از دست دادن‬،‫ پیدا کردن‬/ ‫ )کلیدهای خود را گم کردن‬She
Lose / Find your keys always loses her keys, but eventually finds them in her bag.

(‫ کلیدهای خود را گم کردن‬،‫ )کلیدهای خود را جا گذاشتن‬He mislaid his keys

Mislay your keys and couldn’t remember where he put them.

Put your keys (in your (‫ آب زدن به صورت‬،‫ )صورت خود را با آب تر کردن‬He put his keys in his
pocket before leaving.
pocket)

(‫ قایم کردن کلید‬،‫ )پنهان کردن کلید در کشو‬She hid the spare key in a
Hide a key (in a drawer) drawer.
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Hand in / Return your key (‫ بازگرداندن کلید به پذیرش‬،‫ پس دادن به پذیرش‬/ ‫ )کلید خود را تحویل دادن‬Please
return your key to reception when you check out.
(to reception)
(‫ کلید اضافی ساختن‬،‫ )کلید جدید ساختن‬He needs to get a spare key cut
Get a key cut for his friend.

(‫ کلید یدکی‬،‫ )کلید اضافی‬She always keeps a spare key hidden

A spare key outside.

(‫ دستهای از کلیدها‬،‫ )یک دسته کلید‬He carries a bunch of keys for

A bunch of keys different doors.

Your car / house key (‫ کلید خانه‬،‫ )کلید موتر‬She forgot her car key at home.
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(‫ کلید نادرست‬،‫ )کلید اشتباه‬He picked up the wrong key and couldn’t
The wrong key unlock the door.

Keep (the files) under lock (‫ در امنیت نگهداشتن‬،‫ )نگهداری زیر قفل و کلید‬The files are kept under
lock and key for security.
and key
(‫ قفل کردن درب‬،‫ )کلید را در قفل چرخاندن‬She turned the key in the lock
Turn the key in the lock and opened the door.
 Today’s Vocabularies!
(‫ پدر و مادرها تشویش داشتن‬،‫ )والدین نگران شدن‬Parents worry a lot about
Parents worry their children’s future.

(‫ پدر و مادرها از هم جدا شدن‬،‫ )والدین جدا شدن‬After years of

Parents separate / split up disagreements, the parents decided to separate.

(‫ پدر و مادرها از هم طالق گرفتن‬،‫ )والدین طالق گرفتن‬Her parents got

Parents get divorced divorced when she was young.

(‫ راضی کردن پدر و مادرها‬،‫ )خشنود کردن والدین‬He worked hard to

Please your parents please his parents.
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(‫ مالقات کردن پدر و مادرها‬،)‫ )دیدن والدین (او‬He was nervous to meet
Meet (her) parents her parents for the first time.

(‫ تربیت کردن پدر و مادرها‬،‫ )بزرگ کردن والدین‬His parents brought him
Parents bring you up up with strong values.

(‫ با پدر و مادرها زندگی داشتن‬،‫ )با والدین زندگی کردن‬She still lives with her
Live with (your) parents parents.

(‫ اختالف پیدا کردن با پدر و مادرها‬،‫ )با والدین به مشکل خوردن‬She fell out
Fall out with (your) parents with her parents over her career choice.

(‫ توجه کردن به پدر و مادرها‬،‫ )مراقبت کردن از والدین‬He looks after his
Look after (your) parents parents as they are getting older.
 Today’s Vocabularies!
Communicate with (your) (‫ صحبت کردن با پدر و مادرها‬،‫ )ارتباط برقرار کردن با والدین‬It’s important to
communicate with your parents openly.
parents
(‫ پدر و مادر سالخورده‬،‫ )والدین مسن‬She takes care of her elderly
An elderly parent parent.

A single parent (‫ پدر یا مادر تنها‬،‫ )والدین مجرد‬He was raised by a single parent.

(‫ پدر و مادرهای قاطع‬،‫ )والدین سختگیر‬His strict parents set many rules
Strict parents in the house.

(‫ پدر و مادر سرپرست‬،‫ )والدین پرورشدهنده‬She grew up with her foster

Foster parents parents.
Today’s Vocabularies!
( ‫ پدر و مادرهای کارمند‬،‫ )والدین شاغل‬Working parents often face
Working parents challenges balancing work and family life.
 Today’s Vocabularies!
Have a child / children (‫ فرزند داشتن‬،‫ )بچه داشتن‬They want to have a child soon.

(‫ بزرگ کردن فرزندان‬،‫ )تربیت کردن کودکان‬They bring up their children

Bring up / Raise children with love and care.

(‫ نگهداری از بچهها‬،‫ )مراقبت کردن از کودکان‬She looks after the children

Look after children while their parents work.

(‫ آموزش دادن به فرزندان‬،‫ )چیزی به کودکان آموختن‬He teaches children

Teach children something how to play chess.

(‫ بیاعتنایی به فرزندان‬،‫ )بیتوجهی کردن به کودکان‬It’s harmful to

Neglect children neglect children’s needs.
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(‫ کودکی را به فرزندی قبول کردن‬،‫ )فرزندخوانده گرفتن‬They decided to
Adopt children adopt a child from an orphanage.

(‫ فرزندان با همدیگر بازی کردن‬،‫ )کودکان با هم بازی کردن‬The children play

Children play together together in the park every afternoon.

(‫ پدر و مادرها از هم طالق گرفتن‬،‫ )والدین طالق گرفتن‬Her parents got

Parents get divorced divorced when she was young.

(‫ راضی کردن پدر و مادرها‬،‫ )خشنود کردن والدین‬He worked hard to

Please your parents please his parents.

(‫ فرزندان سر به سر گذاشتن‬،‫ )کودکان اذیت کردن‬Sometimes children tease

Children tease each other in fun.
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(‫ فرزند خردسال‬،‫ )کودک کوچک‬A young child needs a lot of care and
A small / young child attention.

(‫ کودکان بالغ‬،‫ )فرزندان بزرگسال‬Their grown-up children live in

Grown-up children different cities.

(‫ فرزندان با ادب‬،‫ )کودکان مودب‬The teacher praised the well-behaved

Well-behaved children children in class.

(‫ فرزند با نبوغ‬،‫ )کودک بااستعداد‬She is a gifted child with a talent for

A gifted child music.

An only child (‫ تنها بچه‬،‫ )فرزند یگانه‬Being an only child, she often felt lonely.
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(‫ فرزند نازپرورده‬،‫ )کودک لوس‬He grew up as a spoilt child, always
A spoilt child getting what he wanted.

(‫ بچه عادی‬،‫ )کودک معمولی‬The average child learns to walk around

The average child age one.

(‫ جای ایدهآل برای بچهها‬،‫ )مناسب برای کودکان‬This playground is ideal for
Ideal for children children to play safely.

(‫ (غیر) قابل قبول برای بچهها‬،‫ )(نا) مناسب برای کودکان‬This movie is
(Un)suitable for children unsuitable for children due to its violence.

(‫ خوشبخت مانند بچه‬،‫ )خوشحال مثل یک کودک‬She looked as happy as a

Happy as a child child on her birthday.
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( ‫ کسی را کودکانه برخورد کردن‬،‫ )رفتار کردن با کسی مثل کودک‬Don’t treat
Treat someone like a child him like a child; he’s responsible enough.
Today’s Vocabularies!
(‫ انتظار تولد نوزاد داشتن‬،‫ )منتظر بچه بودن‬She is expecting a baby in a
Be expecting a baby few months.

Have a baby (‫ فرزند داشتن‬،‫ )بچهدار شدن‬They are excited to have a baby soon.

(‫ نگهداری از نوزاد‬،‫ )مراقبت کردن از بچه‬She looks after the baby while
Look after a baby her mother works.

(‫ نوزاد را تغذیه کردن‬،‫ )غذا دادن به بچه‬He feeds the baby every
Feed a baby morning.

(‫ بغل کردن نوزاد‬،‫ )در آغوش گرفتن بچه‬She carefully held the
Hold a baby baby in her arms.
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(‫ از خواب بیدار ساختن نوزاد‬،‫ )بیدار کردن بچه‬Be quiet; don’t wake the
Wake a baby baby.

()‫ جولیا‬،‫ نامیدن نوزاد به (جان‬،)‫ جولیا‬،‫ )نامگذاری بچه (جان‬They decided to
Call the baby (John, Julia) call the baby Julia.

A baby is born (‫ تولد نوزاد‬،‫ )یک بچه به دنیا آمد‬A healthy baby was born yesterday.

(‫ نوزاد در خواب بودن‬،‫ )بچه خوابیدن‬The baby sleeps peacefully in her

A baby sleeps crib.

(‫ نوزاد با وسایل بازی سرگرم شدن‬،‫)بچه با (اسباببازیها) بازی کردن‬

A baby plays with (toys) The baby plays with his toys every afternoon.
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(‫) کیلو وزن داشتن‬۳( ‫ نوزاد‬،‫) کیلو بودن‬۳( ‫ )وزن بچه‬At birth, the baby
The baby weighs (3) kilos weighed 3 kilos.

Their baby is due (in ()‫ انتظار تولد بچه در (ماه اگست‬،‫)نوزادشان (در ماه اگست) متولد میشود‬
August)
 Today’s Vocabularies!
(‫ دچار سر درد بودن‬،‫ )سردرد داشتن‬I have got a headache from staying
Have (got) a headache up late.

(‫ از سر درد نالیدن‬،‫ )از سر درد شکایت کردن‬She complained of a

Complain of a headache headache after the long trip.

(‫ این باعث سر درد من میشود‬،‫ )این برایم سردرد ایجاد میکند‬Loud music
It gives me a headache gives me a headache.

(‫ این دارو سردرد را آرام میکند‬،‫ )این سر درد شما را کاهش میدهد‬This
This relieves your headache medicine relieves your headache quickly.

(‫ درد سر برطرف میشود‬،‫ )سردرد از بین میرود‬With rest,

Headaches go away headaches usually go away.
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(‫ سردرد طاقتفرسا‬،‫ )سر درد شدید‬She had a splitting headache all
A bad / splitting headache night.

Have a cough (‫ سرفه کردن‬،‫ )سرفه داشتن‬He has a cough due to the cold weather.

(‫ سرفهها باعث شیوع بیماری میشوند‬،‫ )سرفهها بیماری را پخش میکنند‬Coughs

Coughs spread disease can spread disease in crowded places.

A bad / nasty cough (‫ سرفه شدید‬،‫ )سرفه بد‬He has a bad cough after catching a cold.

(‫ سرفه پایدار‬،‫ )سرفه مداوم‬She has had a persistent cough for

A persistent cough weeks.
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Cough medicine (‫ شربت سرفه‬،‫ )داروی سرفه‬The doctor gave him cough medicine.

(‫ قرص سرفه‬،‫ )آبنبات سرفه‬She takes cough sweets to soothe her

Cough sweets throat..

(‫ دچار سرماخوردگی شدن‬،‫ )سرما خوردن‬He caught a cold after going

Catch a cold out in the rain.

Have a cold (‫ سرما خورده بودن‬،‫ )سرماخوردگی داشتن‬She has a cold and feels tired.

(‫ سرماخوردگی را برطرف کردن‬،‫ )از سرماخوردگی نجات یافتن‬He’s

Shake off a cold trying to shake off a cold before his trip.
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(‫ سرماخوردگی خوب میشود‬،‫ )سرماخوردگی برطرف میشود‬His cold cleared
A cold clears up up after a few days.

(‫ سرماخوردگی بد‬،‫ )سرماخوردگی شدید‬She has a heavy cold and can’t

A bad / heavy cold go to work.

(‫ دچار ویروس شدن‬،‫ )ویروس گرفتن‬He picked up a virus from his

Pick up a virus classmate.

A nasty virus (‫ ویروس شدید‬،‫ )ویروس بد‬A nasty virus is spreading this season.

(‫ ویروس (تب) ایجاد میکند‬،‫ )ویروس باعث (تب) میشود‬The virus

The virus causes (fever) causes fever and body aches.
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(‫ ویروس همه جا پخش شده است‬،‫ )ویروسی در حال شیوع است‬There’s a virus
There’s a virus going round going round the school.
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