Science (X)SET-1

/ SET-1

CLASS : X
SUBJECT – SCIENCE
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS
oxygen molecules which splits to from
1. (c) i – B, ii – C, iii – D, iv – A free oxygen atoms. These free oxygen
2. (c) Carbon di-oxide in human cell atoms combine with oxygen molecules to
form ozone.
3. (c) CNS
4. (d) i – B, ii – D, iii – A, iv – C O2 
UV rays
O + O (atomic oxygen)
5. (b) Rr and Rr O2 + O  O3
6. (c) (ii) & (iii) Ozone layer shields the earth from the
7. (c) 10% harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiations from
the sun.
8. (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is
false. (b) The compound responsible for ozone
depletion is chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
9. (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are along with other halogenated compounds
true and reason (R) is not the correct such as chloride & Bromine containing
explanation of assertion (A) compounds.
10. Filteration: Nitrogenous wastes such as 13. Difference between movement of leaves
urea or uric acid are removed. of sensitive plant and movement of shoot
Reabsorption: Glucose, amino acids, towards light -
salts useful materials & major amount of
water reabsorbed. Movement of Leaves of Movement of a Shoot
Sensitive Plant towards Light
The amount of water absorbed depends
on :- (i) Growth is not involved (i) Growth is involved

(i) How much water is their in the body. (ii) movement is away from (ii) movement is towards
the source of stimulus the source of sunlight
(ii) How much dissolved waste is there to (Touch) (Light)
be excreted.
(iii) It is a nastic movement (iii) It is a trophic
11. (i) The correct sequence is blood flow called thigmonasty movement called
from phototropism
The lungs 
Pulmonary
Vein
 Left sides of the (iv) These movements are (iv) These movements are
heart  Ventricle Aorta Body fast slow
organs (v) These are non- (v) These are directional
(ii) The leaked blood flows into directional movement movement
surrounding tissues leading to
14. (i) The dominant trait is identified by
accumulation of blood. It also results in
observing its expression in the F1
loss of blood pressure that reduce the
generation.
efficiency of pumping system.
OR (ii) The recessive trait is the one that is
suppress in the presence of the dominant
This prevents oxygenated and trait and only expressed in the
deoxygenated blood from mixing. This homozygous recessive state.
allows a highly efficient supply of
oxygenated blood to all parts of body. (iii) The ratio of red eyed to white eyed
This is useful in animals with high individual is 3 : 1.
energy needs such as birds and
mammals.
12. (a) By the action of UV radiations on

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 Science (X) / SET-1
easily available, low cost, reliable,
effective & with no side effect.
(iii) Sex selective abortion is aborting a child
on the basis of sex. It effects a healthy
society in most negative way as it
disturbs the sex ratio in the population
and now a sex selective abortion is a
crime.
1 OR
White eyed individuals are  12  3
4 (i) Function of Testis –
15. (a) Chlorophyll capture sunlight energy, a) Formation of sperm
which is essential for converting carbon b) Secretion of sex hormone,
dioxide & water into glucose. testosterone
(b) Photosynthesis occurs in three steps - Role of -
Absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll. a) Vas deferens - Delivery of sperm
Conversion of light energy to chemical from testes to urethra.
energy & splitting of water molecule into b) Seminal vesicle - Provides nutrition
hydrogen & oxygen. to sperm/make the transport (movement)
Reduction of carbon dioxide into of sperm easier.
carbohydrate. c) Urethra - common passage for sperm
6CO2 + 12H2O  & urine
Sunlight
Chlorophyll

d) Scrotum - Providing required
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O temperature for sperm formation.
(ii) Reproduction at its most basic level
(c) The plant in darkness could not produce involves making copies of the blueprints
starch because photosynthesis did not of body design. The DNA in the cell
occur due to the absence of sunlight. nucleus is the formation source for
OR making proteins. If the information is
changed, different proteins will be made.
Stomata are tiny pores in leaves that
Different proteins will eventually lead to
allow the exchange of gases (CO2 and
altered body designs.
O2) which is necessary for
photosynthesis. 17. (d) Weak acid and strong base
16. (i) Placenta is a fully formed reddish 18. (b) Blue to white
brown disc embedded in the uterine wall. 19. (b) CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
It also contain villi. 20. (b) It reacts with cold water to form
Role of placenta :- magnesium oxide and evolves hydrogen
1. Provide a large surface area for glucose gas.
& oxygen to pass from the mother to the 21. (a) Has carbon atoms arranged in large
embryo. plates of rings of strongly bonded carbon
2. Waste generated by the embryo will be atoms with weak interplate bonds
removed by transferring them into the 22. (b) (ii) and (iii)
mother's blood. 23. (d) (iii) and (iv)
(ii) Use of condoms are beneficial for both 24. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the
the sexes as it prevents the spread of correct explanation of A.
sexual transmitted diseases (STDs). 25. (i) Ionic compounds have high melting
 These are popularly called Nirodh. points because of the strong electrostatic
 These are very widely used forces of attraction between their
contraceptive in India because they are oppositively charged ions

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 Science (X) / SET-1
(ii) Electric wires have a plastic covering OR
to act as an insulator, preventing electric (iv) (d) Sodium and potassium
shock. 29. (i) Ethanol (C2H5OH); B: Ethanoic acid
26. (a) The black copper oxide dissolves, (CH3COOH); C: Ethene (C2H4).
and the solution turns bluish-green. This (ii) Molecular Mass of C: C₂H₄ = (2×12) +
colour change is due to the formation of (4×1) = 28 u.
copper chloride, a Soluble salt that is
green in colour. (iii) Reaction: CO2 gas evolves, turning lime
water milky.
(b) HCl solution show acidic properties
because it produce hydrogen ions when 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 →
dissolved in water. The solutions of 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
compounds like alcohol and glucose do (iv) Electron Dot Structure of B (CH3COOH)
not show acidic character because they
do not ionise in water to produce
hydrogen ions.
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl–
(c) Because the acids present in them react
with the metals, causing the vessels to
corrode and produce toxic metal OR
compounds like copper salts that spoil (i) Cl2 Structure:
the food and can cause food poisoning.
OR
(a) Using baking soda instead of baking
powder will make a cake taste bitter or
soapy taste because formation of sodium (ii) Reaction: Substitution;
carbonate CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl (in sunlight).
(b) By adding or mixing it with weak, edible (iii) Oxidising Agents: KMnO4, K2Cr2O7.
acid like tartaric acid with baking soda
(iv) Differences:
(c) Tartaric acid can neutralize basic nature
of baking soda and can neutralize its Covalent: Low melting/boiling points;
bitter taste of sodium carbonate. Ionic: High melting/boiling points.
Covalent: Poor conductor;
27. (a) If Zinc is combined with copper
sulphate solution, Zinc displace copper to Ionic: Conduct in molten/aqueous state.
form Zinc sulphate. Displacement Covalent compound : Soluble in organic
reaction takes place. solvents;
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq)→ ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) Ionic compound : Soluble in water.
(b) Aluminium metals interact with dilute Covalent compound: found in solid,
HCl to form Aluminium chloride, and liquid and gaseous state;
Hydrogen gas is evolved in this reaction. Ionic compound: found in mainly solid
2Al (s)+ 6HCl(aq)→ 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2 state
c) When silver metal is added to the copper 30. (c) Concave, plane and convex
sulphate solution, there will not be any 31. (c) Tyndall effect
reaction as silver is less reactive metal as 32. (c) A is true, but R is false.
compared to copper.
33. Given, f = -30 cm, v = -15 cm, h = 5 cm
28. (i) (a) Al
From the lens formula,
(ii) (c) Pb
1 1 1 1 1 1
(iii) (a) Tungsten     
v u f 15 u 30
(iv) (b) Al

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1 1 1 1  2 1 R = 10, r = 0.01×10–2 m
    
u 30 15 30 30 22
= 1 × 10–4 m, A = r2 = × 1×10–8 m2
 u = –30 cm 7
34. (i) When two 6  resistances are  = 50 × 10–8 m
connected in parallel and connected to R  A 10  22 108 220
another 6  in series, we get 9     
 50 108  7 350
resistance.
1 1 1 2 1 = 0.628 m = 62.8 cm
     R p  3 37. On observing the field lines, it shows that
Rp 6 6 6 3
magnetic field due to the current carrying
 Rnet = R3 + Rp = 6 + 3 = 9 circular loop is maximum and normal to
(ii) When three resistors are connected in the current carrying loop at its center
parallel, we get 2 Ω resistance. because magnetic field due to each part
1 1 1 1 of loop adds up.
  
R s R1 R 2 R 3
1 1 1 1 1 3
    
Rs 6 6 6 Rs 6
Rs = 2
OR
(a) Two resistances of 2 Ω are in series
Rs = R1 + R2 = 2 + 2 = 4 Ω
The third resistance of 4 Ω is parallel to
Rs, Rp = R/n = 4/2 = 2Ω
(b) I = V/R = 30/2 = 15 A 38. (a) Given, refractive index of medium x
35. Far Sightedness (or Hyperopia or with respect to y, yµX = 2/3
Hypermetropia): A person with Refractive index of medium y with
hypermetropia can see distant object respect to z, zµy = 4/3
clearly but cannot see nearby objects ∴ Refractive index of medium X with
distinctly. respect to z,
z
This defect arises because: µX = yµX × zµy = 2/3 × 4/3 = 8/9
(i) Increase in focal length of eye lens. ∴ Refractive index of medium z with
(ii) The eye ball has become to small. respect to X,
x
This defect can be corrected by using by µZ = 1/ zµx = 9/8
convex lens of suitable power. (b) Now speed of light in x = 3 × 108 m/s
Speed of light in y, vy = ?
Speed of light in y vy
y
x  
Speed of light in x 3 108 m / s
vy = 2/3 × 3 × 108 = 2 × 108 m/s
OR
Now speed of light in x = 3 × 108 m/s
Speed of light in Z, VZ = ?
V
Z
X  Z
VX
36. R  
A Vz = 8/9 × 3 × 108 = 8/3 × 108 m/s

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= 2.67 × 108 m/s
39. (a) Rs = R1 + R2 = 20 + 4 = 24
V 6V
(b) I   0.25A
R 24
(c) (i) V = I×R = 0.25 A × 20 = 5V
(ii) V = I×R = 0.25 A × 4 = 1V
2
1
(d) (i) P  I2  R     20
4
1
  20  1.25W
16
OR
(a) Electric power is the rate of doing work
by an energy source or the rate at which
the electrical energy dissipated or
consumed per unit time in the electric
circuit.

Work done (W)

So, Power (P) =
Time (t)
Electrical energy dissipated
P=
Time (t)
V2
P = VI OR P 
R
(b) It means the maximum current will flow
through it is only 2 A. Fuse wire will
melt if the current flowing through it
exceeds 2 A value.
(c) Given: P = 1 kW = 1000 W, V = 220 V
P 1000 50
Current drawn, I   
V 220 11
= 4.54 A
To run electric iron of 1 kW efficiently,
rated fuse of 5 A should be used.

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