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Understanding External Language Variation

The document discusses external language variation, highlighting how social and geographical factors influence language differences, including mutual intelligibility, isoglosses, and dialect boundaries. It explains various aspects such as dialect continuum, sociolects, and idiolects, emphasizing the role of social identity and cultural heritage in language use. The conclusion underscores that language variation is shaped by geographic and social factors, impacting communication patterns and local cohesion.

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15 views7 pages

Understanding External Language Variation

The document discusses external language variation, highlighting how social and geographical factors influence language differences, including mutual intelligibility, isoglosses, and dialect boundaries. It explains various aspects such as dialect continuum, sociolects, and idiolects, emphasizing the role of social identity and cultural heritage in language use. The conclusion underscores that language variation is shaped by geographic and social factors, impacting communication patterns and local cohesion.

Uploaded by

deslitondambitu2
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Language Variation

(External)
By: Group 2
Group Members:

Endik Setiyo Laksono 2221000320058


Putri Sartika 2221000320100
Insiyah Dwi S 2221000320073
Zulfa Zahrotun N 2221000320015
Language Variation (External)

The importance of studying external language


variation.
Refers to differences in language caused by social
and geographical factors, such as social class,
ethnicity, region, and communicative context.
Contrasts with internal variation.
Aspects of External Language Variation

Mutual Intelligibility Isogloss Dialect Boundary

Refers to the capacity Depicts the A geographical


of speakers from two geographical boundary demarcation separating
or more language of the distribution of a two or more dialects
varieties. specific linguistic within the same
Evident between feature. language, typically
American English and In the US, "cot" (similar to established based on
British English "caught") in the North overlapping bundles of
compared to the South isoglosses.
Aspects of External Language Variation

Dialect Contiuum Dialect Accent

Refers to a situation in A particular form of a Refers solely to


which language language used by a pronunciation, the
variation changes specific regional or phonetic and
gradually over a social group. phonological features
geographic area. Two types of dialects: that mark how a
Where phonological regional dialects and speaker articulates a
and lexical features social dialects. language.
change gradually
rather than abruptly.
Aspects of External Language Variation

Idiolect Sociolect

Encompassing specific Used by particular social


word choices, groups, influenced by factors
pronunciation habits, like social class, occupation,
intonation, and speech ethnicity, or age.
style. For instance, informal
workers might use slang and
relaxed language, while
formal workers employ
standard language with
professional jargon.
Conclusion
Language variation is fundamentally driven by both
geographic factors, which delineate physical
boundaries and dialects, and primary social factors
such as class, age, and ethnicity.
The criterion of mutual intelligibility serves as the core
determinant distinguishing a dialect from a distinct
language, while the clustering of isoglosses creates the
definitive dialect boundaries. Crucially, the analysis of
sociolects demonstrates that language varieties
interact deeply with social structure. By
reflecting social identity and preserving local cultural
heritage, these variations foster local
cohesion, even as they create stratified communication
patterns.

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