LETS REVIEW!
Activity: Picture Analysis of
the Nervous System
LETS REVIEW!
Activity: Picture Analysis of
the Nervous System
LETS REVIEW!
How does the nervous system send
messages in the body? Is it slow or fast?
THE BODY SYSTEMS
THE
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
SON OBJECTIVES
LES
Define the endocrine system
and differentiate the glands
that are involved in the system
Identify the importance of
hormones in our body.
Learners are able to locate the
endocrine glands on a diagram
GET CURIOUS !
why do we experience
sleepiness
growth
adrenaline
metabolizing
high blood and low blood pressure or
Hypotension and Hypertension
GET CURIOUS !
These experiences happen because of
HORMONES, chemical messengers secreted by
our endocrine glands
Hormones travel through the blood to reach
target organs. This process is slower than the
nervous system, so their effects can take
minutes, hours, or even weeks to show
GET CURIOUS !
Some hormones have short-term
effects while other hormones have
long-term effects
MPLE
EXA
Do you feel sleepy when
its dark or not?
MPLE
EXA
Do you feel sleepy when
its dark or not?
It is because of a hormone called Melatonin
that is secreted by the pineal gland because
melatonin Controls sleep-wake cycle
ACTIVITY
Picture Enumeration of Endocrine Glands
Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland
Thyroid & Parathyroid
Thymus Gland
Pancreas
Adrenal Gland
Ovary
Testes
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The endocrine system is composed of
glands that secrete different types
of hormones that affect almost
every cell, organ, and function of our
body.
It is essential in regulating growth and
development, metabolism, as well as
reproductive processes and mood.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
How does Endocrine System
Function?
Endocrine glands secrete
chemicals known as hormones into
the bloodstream, which carries
them throughout the body.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
How does Endocrine System
Function?
The endocrine system sends signals
throughout the body like the nervous
system, but unlike the nervous system
which works instantly, hormones work
more slowly. The effects of hormones
can take hours or even weeks.
FUNCTIONS
Regulates Growth and Development. Controls height, muscle growth, and organ
development through hormones like growth hormone and testosterone.
Metabolism. Manages how the Homeostasis. Keeps internal
body uses food for energy with conditions stable—like blood
help from glands like the thyroid sugar, water levels, and body
and pancreas. temperature.
Puberty (Male). Produces Stress and Emotions. Releases
testosterone to trigger puberty, hormones like adrenaline and
sperm production, and male cortisol during emergencies or
physical changes. emotional changes.
WHAT IS HORMONE?
A hormone is a chemical messenger
secreted by the glands in the
endocrine system.
It travels through the bloodstream
to specific body parts (target
organs) and tells them what to do.
PINEAL GLAND
The pineal gland is a small, pinecone-
shaped gland located deep in the
center of the brain. It helps control the
body’s sleep and wake cycles.
Produces the hormone melatonin, which
helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle.
Responds to light and darkness—more
melatonin is released at night to make you
feel sleepy
EXAMPLE
=
Irregular melatonin production =
Irregular melatonin production
insomnia or abnormal sleep cycles
insomnia or abnormal sleep cycles
ITARY GLAND
PITU
Known as the “master gland” because it controls
many other endocrine glands. Regulates growth and
controls activity of other glands. Located at the
base of the brain.
Secreted Hormone:
Oxytocin Prolactin
Vasopressin Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle
Growth Hormone Stimulating Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic (FSH)
Hormone (ACTH)
ITARY GLAND
PITU
Oxytocin – stimulates uterine contractions
during childbirth; helps milk release in
mothers. (Pushing Hormone)
Vasopressin (ADH) – regulates water
balance by controlling urine production.
Growth Hormone (GH) – controls growth of
bones and muscles.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) –
stimulates adrenal gland to release its
hormones.
ITARY GLAND
PITU
Prolactin – stimulates milk production.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) – triggers
ovulation in females; stimulates
testosterone production in males.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) –
helps egg cell development in females
and sperm production in males.
EXAMPLE
Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder caused by the
Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder caused by the
pituitary gland producing too much growth hormone (GH)
pituitary gland producing too much growth hormone GH)
(
after a person's skeleton has finished growing
after a person's skeleton has finished growing
D GLAND
THYROI
Regulates body metabolism (how fast the body
uses energy) and calcium storage. Located below
the voice box (neck region).
Hormones Released:
Thyroxin – controls metabolism, heart rate, and
how fast energy is used.
Calcitonin – helps store calcium in bones, lowering
calcium in the blood.
Example:
Feeling energetic or tired depending on thyroid activity.
meaning If metabolism is high, you feel more active.
PARATHYR OID
GLAND
Small glands attached to the thyroid that
regulate calcium balance and normal bone
growth. Located in the Neck area (behind the
thyroid).
Hormone Released:
Parathormone (PTH) – increases blood calcium
levels by releasing calcium from bones.
Example:
When a student needs calcium for strong bones,
PTH helps regulate it so muscles and nerves work
properly.
EXAMPLE
A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland.. It can also be
A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland It can also be
associated with the overproduction ((hyperthyroidism)) or
associated with the overproduction hyperthyroidism or
underproduction ((hypothyroidism)) of thyroid hormones
underproduction hypothyroidism of thyroid hormones
THYMUS GLANDS
Important for immunity, especially in children. Located in
front of the heart, behind the sternum. The thymus gland
trains the body’s soldiers (T-cells) to fight germs and keep
you healthy.
Hormone Released
Thymosin – develops T-cells, which fight infections.
Enables the immune system to produce antibodies and
fight illnesses.
Daily Life Example: A child recovering quickly from a
cough because the thymus trained their immune cells.
EXAMPLE
INFECTION
INFECTION
T-cells
T- will not mature properly =
= the body
cells will not mature properly the body
becomes less able to fight infections..
becomes less able to fight infections
ADRENAL GLANDS
The adrenal glands are two small, triangular glands located on
top of each kidney. They help the body respond to stress and
emergencies.
Adrenaline prepares your body for “fight or flight” by:
Increasing your heart rate
Boosting blood flow to muscles
Sharpening your senses
Making you feel a sudden jolt or that “falling” sensation
Hormone Released:
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) – increases heart rate,
breathing, and energy during stress or danger.
Example: A student suddenly runs fast to avoid a moving vehicle
because adrenaline kicked in.
EXAMPLE
Symptoms of Addison's ' disease
Symptoms of Addison s disease
include::
include
extreme tiredness (fatigue)
extreme tiredness (
fatigue )
areas of skin that are darker
areas of skin that are darker
than surrounding skin –
than surrounding skin – this
this
may be harder to see on
may be harder to see on
brown or black skin
brown or black skin
loss of appetite,, weight loss,,
loss of appetite weight loss
tummy pain,, feeling or being
tummy pain feeling or being
sick and cravings for salty
sick and cravings for salty
foods
foods
PANCREAS
The pancreas is a long, flat gland located behind the stomach.
It has both digestive and endocrine functions, including
controlling the blood sugar.
Hormones Released:
Insulin – decreases blood sugar by allowing cells to
absorb glucose.
Glucagon – increases blood sugar by telling the liver to
release stored glucose.
Example:
After eating rice or bread, insulin lowers the blood sugar.
When hungry for long hours, glucagon prevents sugar
from dropping too low.
EXAMPLE
Diabetes is a chronic disease where the body either
Diabetes is a chronic disease where the body either
doesn't
' produce enough insulin or can't ' effectively use the
doesn t produce enough insulin or can t effectively use the
insulin it produces,, leading to high blood sugar levels
insulin it produces leading to high blood sugar levels
TESTES
The testes are two oval-shaped glands located in
the scrotum. They are the main male reproductive
glands and part of the endocrine system.
Hormones Released:
Androgens (Testosterone) – control male traits and
sperm production.
Function: Controls male puberty, muscle development,
deeper voice, and reproductive function.
EXAMPLE
Low androgen levels are referred to as
Low androgen levels are referred to as
hypoandrogenism
hypoandrogenism
OVARIES
female reproductive glands that produce egg cells (ova)
and female hormones. Controls female puberty,
development of breasts and hips, menstrual cycle
regulation, and supports pregnancy. Located in the lower
abdomen, on both sides of the uterus.
Hormones Released:
Estrogen – controls female traits and regulates the
menstrual cycle.
Progesterone – prepares the uterus for pregnancy
and maintains pregnancy.
EXAMPLE
Hormonal imbalance affecting
Hormonal imbalance affecting
menstrual cycle
menstrual cycle
ER
OBSERVE & ANSW
Gigantism
ER
OBSERVE & ANSW
Dwarfism
ACTIVITY!
Relate the analogy
Y: R ELA TE
ACTIVIT
LO GY
THE ANA ANALOGY SETUP:
You = Gland
Chats/messages = Hormones
Jowa (partner) = Target organ/cell
Scenario 1 - Too much chat:
You send too many messages to your partner = they get irritated or
overwhelmed.
Scenario 2 - Too little chat:
You barely send messages = your partner feels anxious or neglected.
Y: R ELA TE
ACTIVIT
Y
THE ANA LO G
ANALOGY SETUP:
You = Gland
Chats/messages = Hormones
Jowa (partner) = Target organ/cell
Scenario 1 - Too much chat:
Endocrine analogy: Excess hormone = target organ overreacts = possible health issues.
Example: Too much thyroid hormone → hyperthyroidism → rapid heartbeat, weight loss
Scenario 2 - Too little chat:
Endocrine analogy: Hormone deficiency → target organ underperforms → body procsses
slow down.
Example: Low insulin → high blood sugar → diabetes.
QUIZ TIME!
INSTRUCTION: READ EACH
QUESTION CAREFULLY. CHOOSE THE
LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON A ¼
PAPER.
QUIZ TIME!
What is the endocrine system?
a. A system that controls the body using fast electrical signals
b. A system of glands that produce hormones to regulate body
processes
c. A system that helps the body fight infections
d. A system that transports blood throughout the body
QUIZ TIME!
Which of the following is NOT part of the endocrine system?
a. Thyroid gland
b. Pancreas
c. Spinal cord
d. Pituitary gland
QUIZ TIME!
Which gland secretes melatonin, the hormone responsible for
sleep?
a. Pineal gland
b. Thyroid gland
c. Adrenal gland
d. Pituitary gland
QUIZ TIME!
Does the endocrine system have a slow or fast effect on the
body?
a. Fast effect
b. Slow effect
c. No effect
d. Both fast and slow
QUIZ TIME!
What glands are called gonads?
a. Pituitary and thyroid
b. Ovaries and testes
c. Adrenal and pancreas
d. Pineal and thymus
QUIZ TIME!
Which gland secretes the hormone adrenaline?
a. Thyroid gland
b. Adrenal gland
c. Pancreas
d. Pineal gland
QUIZ TIME!
What is the main function of the pineal gland?
a. Controls calcium levels
b. Regulates sleep-wake cycle
c. Produces adrenaline
d. Controls blood sugar levels
QUIZ TIME!
Which gland regulates the blood sugar levels of the body?
a. Thyroid gland
b. Pancreas
c. Pituitary gland
d. Adrenal gland
QUIZ TIME!
Which gland controls calcium levels and helps regulate body
growth?
a. Pancreas
b. Parathyroid gland
c. Pineal gland
d. Adrenal gland
QUIZ TIME!
Lucas has an overproduction of parathyroid hormone, causing his
calcium levels to be too high. What condition does he have?
a. Hypocalcemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hyperthyroidism
d. Hypothyroidism
QUIZ TIME!
Maria has an underproduction of parathyroid hormone, causing
her calcium levels to be too low. What condition does she have?
a. Hypercalcemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hyperthyroidism
d. Hypothyroidism
QUIZ TIME!
IDENTIFICATION (Numbers 12–15)
Provide three (4) endocrine glands and one function of each.
12.
13.
14.
15.
ASSIGNMENT :>
Reflection:
Why is hormonal balance important for you?
THE BODY SYSTEMS
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
Pineal Gland
Pineal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland
Thymus
Thymus
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Ovary Parathyroid
Ovary
Parathyroid
Testes
Testes Gland
Gland
Pancreas
Pancreas
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Gland