Basic sailing navigation lessons

Capítulo: Introducción

These brief lessons are an attempt to bring navigation closer to all those who have felt at some point
I have a certain curiosity about how to handle a sailboat, what port and starboard are, or how to hoist the sails.
candles.

With this course, you will have a summary of some chapters from the syllabus for obtaining the title of 'Course of'
Basic Navigation Pattern
if they are sailboats and up to 6 meters if they are motorboats, with the appropriate engine power for it, in which the
The vessel shall not stay more than 4 miles in any direction from a shelter or accessible beach.

A complete learning manual that will introduce you to the world of navigation.

Chapter: Parts of the boat

We will start this course with the parts that make up a boat. Let's see:

The rigging.- The rigging is the driving equipment of sailing vessels and is made up of various
elements, such as:

The rigging

-Jarcia

-Sails

Fittings and rigging

The rigging.- It is the set of masts and yards of a ship that are used to hold, place, and orient.
Properly the sails. These masts are made of different materials.
The poles: each of the masts, placed vertically in the longitudinal plane of a vessel. They serve
to hold the booms (poles, sprits, gaffs, etc.) used to set the sails, or the sails themselves
same.

Main mast: the tallest or principal mast of a vessel.

Crosspieces: wooden or metal pieces that are placed horizontally to port and starboard of the masts and at a certain
height. Its function is to provide greater resistance to the rod, opposing its bending and transmitting the effort to the
above

Batten: a perch placed in an approximately horizontal position, which is attached at one end, on which
gira, to the back side of a boat's pole. In it, the lower edge of a sail is attached or hooked.
(pujamen), whose bow edge (grátil) is, in turn, connected to the mast.

Through a line attached to the boom (sheet), it can move and orient the sail.

Talon: a hook that attaches to the pole by its prow side and is used to secure a jib or a balloon.

Chapter: Parts of a boat - The rigging

The rigging consists of all the ropes and cables that are part of the rig of a vessel and that
sirven para sujetar, sostener o mover las piezas de la arboladura (palos, botavaras, picos, etc) o, directamente, las
rigging. A distinction is made between standing rigging and running rigging.

1. Fixed rigging: it consists of the stays or cables that are always fixed and are used to hold or support.
fundamentally the sticks.

Oblique: cables or wires that hold the masts laterally, passing, when they exist, through the crossbars.

Stays: cables or wires that hold the masts longitudinally, towards the bow or towards the stern. The stay, properly
said, it is the bow. To refer to the stern, the English word 'backstay' is usually used.

[Link] jar: it consists of movable ropes or cables that are used to hoist, orient, or lower the
rigging.

Drizas: ropes used to raise the sails, as well as flags, pennants, etc.

Datas: ropes used to hunt and orient the sails.

Bridle: a firm rope at the end of the boom that serves to move it horizontally around the mast.

Amantillo: a rope that, pulling upwards, maintains horizontal or at the desired angle, yards,
tangones or other brackets.

Counter: a line or rigging used to pull the boom downwards and prevent it from tilting upwards,
thus helping to give the sail the appropriate shape. It is usually made firm to the mast.

A rigging system made up of ropes and pulleys that serves to multiply a

In this email we will focus on candles and their parts.

Candles.- A candle is referred to as the piece or set of pieces made of natural or artificial fiber fabric that, held to
a pole or a hanger (or both), serves to catch the wind and provide the propulsion force to a
vessel.

Mainsail: the main sail of a ship, hoisted on its main mast.

Jib: triangular sail placed at the bow of the mast further forward on a vessel and set on the stay.

Genoa: large size sail, mainly used in racing cruises.

Spinnaker: also called "balloon", is a very fine, large and bagged fabric sail that is set from the bow.
with favorable winds or crosswinds, with the help of the spinnaker pole.
Parts of the candle.

Baluma: stern side of a triangular sail.

Pujamen: bottom part or lower side of a candle.

Grátil: the side of the sail by which it is attached to the mast, to a boom, to the stay, etc. It is usually its fore side.

Pockets: angles or peaks of the sails, where the sheets, halyards, etc. are secured.

Fist of sorrow: the highest of the triangular sails. The halyard is secured to this fist, which is also called
bunch of rope

Halyard: the lowest and bow point in triangular sails.

Skein's fist: the fist to which the escort is attached, either directly or indirectly.

Reefing lines: cables sewn on the sides of the sails that serve to reinforce or guide them through the slots of the
hangers.

Slats: elongated sticks, made of wood or fiber, that are inserted into pockets made in the sleeves of the
larger candles, in order to help shape them.

Rizo: piece of line used in the maneuver of taking in reefs (reducing the surface area of the sails).

Chapter: Wind Action on the Sail

Pressure and depression: the war push. - Although it may seem so at first glance, it is not the direct thrust of the wind.
about the sails that generate the propulsive force. In reality, the technique of sailing consists of orienting them
Such a way in relation to the wind that produces a slight change in its direction, so that it circulates along
from them (without causing turbulence).

The air mass, sliding along a curved sail, produces an increase in pressure on its convex side.
and a suction or depression on the opposite face or concave side. As a result, in each and every one of the
points of a candle, small forces are produced, practically perpendicular to it. These forces can
to be considered as a single resultant, which is called sailing thrust.

True wind and apparent or relative wind - The wind that the boat receives combines with its own movement, resulting in
place to what is called apparent or relative wind, of different direction and intensity than the real one, and that is what
they actually receive the sails of the vessel.

A boat can sail in any relative direction with respect to the wind, except in the direction that implies
steer the bow into the same wind or, rather, towards a sector of approximately 90º, centered on the direction of the
wind.

Barlovento: part of where the wind comes from.

Sotavento: the side opposite to that from which the wind comes.
Chapter: The Turn

The turn can be made in two ways. Accordingly, the maneuver is called a forward turn or
turnaround by round.

[Link] forward: to turn in such a way that, during the maneuver, the bow of the boat passes through the wind direction.

Let's look at the steps to follow to execute the maneuver:

1. Put the rudder to the side from which the wind is coming.

2. Hunt the largest one in the middle and filet the seal.

3. When the bow has passed the wind line, haul in the jib and trim the mainsail.

4. Maneuvering with the helm, steer the boat to the new course, adjusting the sail trim.

[Link] turn: to turn in such a way that, during the maneuver, the stern passes into the wind direction.
Let's look at the steps to follow to carry out the maneuver:

1. Put the rudder to the opposite side, from which the wind is coming.

2. Going to the larger and foresail.

3. When the stern is crossing the wind line, change the sails to the other side (jibe)

4. To steer, with the proper handling of the helm, trimming the sails simultaneously, until reaching the new course.

Chapter: Ways to sail

In this teaching unit, we will identify the different ways of sailing based on the angle and the
direction of time with the axis of the ship.

Heeled to starboard: to receive a boat the wind on the starboard side.

Portside moored: receiving a vessel with the wind on the port side.

The ways to sail in relation to the boat with the wind are as follows:

1. To tack: it is said that a boat "tacks" when its course forms the smallest possible angle with the direction of the wind.

2. Sailing on a beam reach: a boat sails 'on a beam reach' when it receives the wind approximately from the side.
to say, forming an angle of about 90º with its longitudinal axis.
[Link] to one side: it is said that a boat sails to a "broad reach" when it receives the wind from the beam.

4. Sailing downwind: a ship sails with the wind "downwind" or "from behind," when it receives the wind.
approximately by the stern.

Some terms of sailing are as follows:

1. Bordada: path traveled by a vessel sailing close-hauled, as long as it does not change tack, that is, as long as it does not
turn
2. To luff: to decrease the angle formed by the ship's course with the direction of the wind.

[Link] fall: to change course, arriving.

5. To turn: to change course so that the wind that was previously received from one side is afterward received from the opposite side.
por la otra, es decir, pasar de "amurado a estribor" a "amurado a babor" o viceversa.

Capítulo: Manejo y regulación de las velas

In this instructional unit, we explain each of the movements made with the candles.

To haul: to enter or pull the sheet of a sail in such a way that decreases the angle it makes with the line of
the ship's creaking.

Lascar: to release the sheet of a sail in such a way that it, by the force of the wind, can increase the angle
that shape with the ship's sheer line.
To 'port' means that a sail is properly oriented, so that it fully harnesses the wind.
the force of the wind.

Flame: to flicker a candle. It occurs when it is not correctly oriented due to not being properly secured.

Taking reefs: a maneuver that consists of gathering part of the sail, holding the gathered part with lines called 'reefs'.

To hoist a sail or flag by pulling its halyard.

Lower the sails, releasing progressively and evenly "furling" the halyard that holds them.

Set the rigging: hoist the sails and place the rigging in the right conditions to sail.

Load the rigging: lower or hoist the sails.

Relingar: to stretch one of the lines of a sail.

Chapter: Sailing Maneuvers (I)

Let's take a look at some basic maneuvers we can do with the candles.
Tacking: it is the moment when, during the round turn, the sails switch sides, passing the
boom along the longitudinal axis of the ship.

To quarter: to present the surface of a sail to the wind, taking its sheet's clew to windward of the line of
creaked.

To start: when catching the sails, the ship gains speed. A ship that is sailing at a certain speed...
It says it has started. A boat that hasn't started is stopped.

Stop the takeoff: when sailing, there are several ways to stop the takeoff: one is to head up until putting
the boat bow to the wind. In this position, the action of the wind and the sea will act as a brake for the vessel.

Another way to stop the boat is to let out the sheets until the sails are flapping, the boat will lose speed.
speed little by little. You can even push the boom forward to reef the mainsail.

Depending on the situation in which the vessel finds itself, it will employ one form or another, but it should be kept in mind.
that a sailing vessel cannot stop abruptly, so one must always act with caution.

Anchoring under sail: once the anchoring point is chosen, the correct maneuver should aim to reach it.
point with the boat stopped, so the most appropriate thing is to arrive bow to the wind.

As with all maneuvers, the phases of this depend on the ship's timing and the circumstances of the sea and
wind. However, a normal sequence may be as follows:

-Aproximarse al punto de fondeo, formando con el viento el menor ángulo posible y conservando una velocidad
sufficient for the boat not to heel too much.
Bring down the focus.

To roar and embrace the wind

When the ship loses its momentum, drop anchor.

With the mainsail in the band so that it doesn't catch wind, let the boat go back and start reeving the rope or chain.
necessary, depending on the depth.

Make the line or chain firm and lower the mainsail.

Sailing: starting from the premise that an anchored boat stays head to the wind, the phases of the
maneuvers can be:

Raise the biggest one

Izar focus

Take

When the anchor is lifted (taken off the bottom), furl the jib.

When the ship turns and gives the beam to the wind, haul in the jib and finish hoisting.

Hunting big game and going sailing

Chapter: Man Overboard Maneuver

We continue analyzing the maneuvers we can make with the sail.

Maneuvering a man overboard while sailing.- In a sailing vessel, the danger of a person
falling into the water is greater, as the immediate maneuverability of the boat is lower, especially if it is sailing
with long winds and carries a lot of rigging hoisted, including spinnakers or similar.
It is important to signal immediately and as effectively as possible the person who has fallen into the water.

Recovery maneuver.

a) Auxiliary motor vessel immediately available:

Check that there are no cables in the water that could get tangled in the propeller.

Start the engine.

Carry out the maneuver under motor, lowering the sails as quickly as possible.

If you are unable to lower them quickly enough, leave them completely in the band so they don't catch wind and don't
they hinder the maneuver.

Remember that the important thing is to retrieve the man as soon as possible, even at the risk of damage to the equipment.

b) Vessel without available auxiliary engine:

Sailing hard on the wind: it must turn immediately, in the quickest way (by heading up or turning around) and return
in the opposite direction.

Sailing with long winds or at full speed: continuing to sail exactly on the same course as the fall of the
man, while the maneuver is prepared to pick him up, turn ahead or around, depending on the circumstances of the
rigging, wind or sea; or else, return tightly and perform very short tacks, taking as an axis the
opposite direction to that of the fall.
FIN