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7 views3 pagesUnderstanding Information and Computing Basics
This document describes basic concepts of computer science. It explains that computer science is the science of the automatic processing of information using computers. It defines the key components of a computer such as the central processing unit, memory, and input and output units. It also describes hardware and software, and concepts like bits, bytes, RAM memory, and input and output peripherals.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views3 pagesUnderstanding Information and Computing Basics
This document describes basic concepts of computer science. It explains that computer science is the science of the automatic processing of information using computers. It defines the key components of a computer such as the central processing unit, memory, and input and output units. It also describes hardware and software, and concepts like bits, bytes, RAM memory, and input and output peripherals.
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What is information?
It is the foundation of knowledge and human communication.
2. What can be distinguished in computer science?
Between form and content.
3. What is form?
An arbitrary and symbolic representation, previously decided and accepted by the
man.
4. What does the word computing mean?
It is the science of the automatic and rational processing of information.
5. What does computer science encompass?
The treatment methods.
The methods to follow.
Study of application areas.
6. ¿A qué se llama BIT?. ¿Qué valores tiene?.
The chosen information unit in a 2 symbol alphabet (binary). 0 or 1.
7. What is referred to as information processing?
It is the process of creating information from data.
It is the set of rules and operations that, when applied to some basic information
(input data), we obtain some results (output data).
8. Enumera 5 fechas significativas de la informática con el acontecimiento.
2300 (B.C.). Chinese: abacus.
1642 (A.D.). Pascal: adding machine.
1946 (A.D.). University of Pennsylvania: electronic calculator Eniac.
1948 (AD). Von Neumann: development of stored program.
1969 (A.D.). Texas Instrument: 1st microprocessor.
9. What is a computer?.
It is a universal machine that can adapt to a multitude of different tasks.
It is a machine for the automatic processing of information and as such is capable
de:
Perform calculations very quickly.
Handle a large volume of data.
10. What is Hardware and Software?
Hardware: physical component (machine).
Software: logical component (program).
11. List the fundamental blocks of a computer.
The central processing unit (CPU).
The central memory.
The input and output unit (I/O).
12. What is a BUS? List the types.
Sets of wires that carry digital signals.
Address bus.
Control bus.
Data bus.
13. What parts make up the CPU?
Arithmetic Logic Unit. (ALU).
Control unit.
14. What does CPU mean?
Central processing unit.
15. What is the mission of the central memory?
It is responsible for storing the program that controls the operation of the
computer. It can store program instructions, input data, and data of
exit.
16. What is the capacity of a memory? In what unit is it expressed?
It is the total number of positions or addresses that a memory contains. It is expressed
in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes.
17. What is memory access time?
It is the time that elapses between the entry of the memory address and the output of the
data contained in that position.
18. Classify memory by its location.
Central memory: it is directly connected to the CPU.
Peripheral memory: it is the external memory (tape, disk...).
19. What is RAM memory? List the types.
It is one in which the information contained in it can be written or read.
Static: the information is not lost when read.
- Dynamics: information is lost when read (electric refresh).
20. What is parallel transmission?
All the bits are transmitted simultaneously, each over a different thread (printer,
scanner
21. What is serial transmission?
The bits are transmitted one after the other through the same thread (mouse, keyboard).
22. What is called INTERFACE?
The physical device that adapts between the computer and a peripheral.
23. What does direct memory access (DMA) mean?
Through a control BUS signal, the CPU disconnects from the peripheral and it is
connected to memory.
24. What is a BUFFER?
To a memory whose purpose is to store the information it receives or is going to transmit to
a peripheral.
25. Enumera 5 periféricos de entrada y 5 de salida.
mouse, keyboard, microphone, scanner and steering wheel.
OUTPUT: speakers, monitor, printer, fax, and modem.