Modularization in Java – Complete Notes (Short + Detailed + Examples)
SECTION 1: Short 4–6 Marks Notes
• Modularization means dividing program into small modules.
• Package = group of related classes ([Link], [Link]).
• import keyword used to access classes from packages.
• static methods/fields belong to class, shared across objects.
• Scope: local, instance, static, parameter.
• Method overloading: same name, different parameters.
• Java API packages: [Link], [Link], [Link], [Link].
SECTION 2: Detailed 8–10 Marks Notes
1. Java Package
A package groups related classes to provide modularity, reusability, and to avoid naming conflicts.
Types:
- Built■in Packages: [Link], [Link], [Link], [Link]
- User■Defined Packages: created by the programmer.
2. Importing Packages
To use classes from other packages:
import [Link];
import [Link].*;
3. Methods: Static Methods
Static methods belong to the class, not objects, and can be called without creating an object.
Example: [Link](), [Link]()
4. Static Fields
Static fields are shared by all objects of a class.
5. Scope of Declaration
- Local: inside method
- Instance: inside class, outside method
- Static: declared with static keyword
- Parameter: in method signature
6. Method Overloading
Same method name with different parameters (type, number, order). Increases readability and
flexibility.
SECTION 3: Examples and Diagrams
Example – Package & Import:
package mypack;
public class A { public void show() { [Link]("Hello"); }}
import mypack.A;
class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A obj = new A();
[Link]();
}
}
Example – Static Methods & Fields:
class Counter {
static int count = 0;
Counter() { count++; }
}
Example – Method Overloading:
class Add {
int add(int a, int b){ return a+b; }
double add(double a, double b){ return a+b; }
}
Java API Packages:
• [Link] – String, Math, System
• [Link] – Scanner, ArrayList
• [Link] – File handling
• [Link] – GUI
• [Link] – networking