Chapter III: The

dimensioning of the
drilling accessory
 III.1. Introduction

The choice of a drilling device is based on the values of required capacities and powers.
by the drilling program.
It is then a matter of defining the required capacities and powers based on the calculated values.
main equipment taking into account safety factors and traction margins
previously chosen.

III.2. The calculation and sizing of a drilling liner

✓  The maximum length of the rods

According to the A.P.I method, it is calculated taking into account the traction at the elastic limit of the rods.
of their unit weight, the density of the mud in which these rods will work and a coefficient of
security Ks (generally 1.33).

T  0 .9 P L
L 1
− mt
 P C mt
P
1
KS t1 a t1

With:

-L1: maximum length of the rods (m).

-T1: traction at the elastic limit of the rods (daN).
The value of T1 is determined from page B5 to B8 of the driller's form.
-Ks: safety coefficient (Ks=1.33).
-Pt1: masse unitaire des tiges (Kg/m).
Ca: buoyancy factor based on mud density.
The value of Ca is determined from page E14 of the driller's form.
-Punit mass of rod masses (Kg/m).
The value of Pmtest determined from page B35 of the driller's form.
-Llength of the rod masses used (m).

If the length L1+Lmtne does not allow reaching the desired depth, it is necessary to consider adding in
head of the garnish of stems of different diameter or grade or class. The length will be checked.
maximum of the new stems chosen by the formula:
 L
T 0.9
2 (P t1 L1 ) (P mt
L )
− P
mt
2
K S P C t1
t2

With:

-L2: maximum length of the new stems (m).

-Ttraction at the elastic limit of the new rods (daN).
-PUnit mass of the new rods (Kg/m).

➢  1st phase: H=130m

Since the intended drilling depth is shallow, it is unnecessary to use the

Masses-tiges, only the drilling rods are sufficient.

The calculation is therefore done for the other depths greater than 130 m.

➢  2nd phase: H= 1751m

During this phase we have:

Drill bit diameter: 171/2′′

Pipe diameter: 133/8′′
Mud density (db = 1.30) which corresponds to a buoyancy factor (Ca = 0.834).

The weight of the column of rods will be subjected to Archimedes' thrust, the value of which will depend on the

density of the mud.

The apparent weight of this column will always be equal to the real weight multiplied by the factor of
buoyancy Ca.

To drill this phase, we choose rods with a diameter of Øtg = 4′′, of grade D and class S. And with the help of
From the driller's form (from B5 to B8), the following parameters can be extracted:
-Øtg: diameter of the rods 4′′.
T1: tension at the elastic limit 59.103daN.
-Pt1: Nominal mass 11.85 lb/ft with 1 lb/ft = 1.4882.
Pt 11.85 1.4882 17.635Kg/ m
1
 Calculation of the maximum length of Mass-Rods

This parameter is evaluated based on the total weight to be applied to the drilling tool and the
depth of drilling. An empirical formula is often used:

L H1751 L 87.55m
mt
20 20 mt

With H: depth of the drilling (m).

Calculation of the unit mass of Rod-Masses

This value is taken from the table (B35) from the driller's form, it is based on the
outer and inner diameters of the rods:

- Øext=51/2′′

- Øint=21/2′′


Pmt 100.2Kg/m

Calculation of the maximum length of the rods (L1)

T  0 .9 P L
L 1
− mt
 P C mt
P
1
KS t1 a t1

L1=1.3359*17*10.6353*0*0.9.834*100.2*87.55=4255.6304m

The depth L1 is sufficient and exceeds the desired level.

L1+Lmt= 4343.1804>1000m

Lu = H - Lmt = 1751 - 87.55 = 1663.45m

 Øtubage=133/8′′

H = 1751 m

Calculation of the total weight of the rods and Mass-Rods

P L Lt  Lmt Pmt
T u
P 1663.17.635  100.2 87.55
T 45
P 38.10 tonnes
T
7

➢  3rd phase: H=2117m

During this phase we have:

Drill diameter: 121/4′′

Pipe diameter: 95/8′′
Mud density (db= 1.3) which corresponds to a buoyancy factor (Ca=0.834)a

To drill this phase, we choose rods with a diameter of Øtg = 4′′, of grade D and class S. And with the help of
From the driller's form (from B5 to B8), we can extract the following parameters:

- Øtg: diameter of the rods 4′′.

- T1 : tension à la limite élastique 103.103daN.
Part 1: Nominal mass 11.84 lb/ft with 1 lb/ft = 1.4882 kg/m
Pt 11.84 1.4882 17.635Kg/m
1
 Calculation of the maximum length of Mass-Stems

This parameter is assessed based on the total weight to be developed on the drilling tool and the
depth of the drilling. An empirical formula is often used:

L H 2117 L
mt 105.85m
20 20 mt

With H: drilling depth.

Calculation of the unit mass of Rod-Masses

This value is taken from the table (B35) from the driller's form, it depends on the
outer and inner diameters of the rods:

-Øext=51/4''
-Øint=21/4


Pmt 100.2Kg/m

Calculation of the maximum length of the rods L1:

T1 0.9 P L
L − mt mt
P C P
1
KS t1 t1

L 59.103 0.9 100.2 105.85

−
1 1.33 17.63 0.834 17.635

L1=2135.044

The maximum depth of the drilling that can be reached will be:

L  L 2135.04 105 2240.89m

1 mt
4 .85

Lu=H-Lmt=2117-105.85=2011.15m
 Øtige=4′′,
Øtubage=95/8′′
L1=2135.0.44m

Class S

Ømt= 51/4′′ / 21/4′′

H=2117 m
Lmt=105.85 m

Calculation of the total weight of the rods and the Mass-Rods

P L
Lt  Lmt Pmt
T u
P 
201117.635100.2 105.85
T
.15
P 46.07 tonnes
T

➢ 4th phase: H=2284m:

During this phase we have:
Drill bit diameter: 81/2′′
Pipe diameter: 7′′
Sludge density (db = 1.22) which corresponds to a buoyancy factor (Ca = 0.844)

To drill this phase, rods with a diameter of Øtg = 3 are chosen.1/2′′, of nuance D and class S. And at
With the help of the driller form (from B5 to B8), we can extract the following parameters:

-Øtg: diameter of the rods 31/2′′.

T1: tensile strength at the elastic limit 86.4*103daN.

Pt1: Nominal mass 14 lb/ft with 1 lb/ft = 1.4882 kg/m

Pt 9.5 1.4882 14.137Kg / m
1
 Calculation of the maximum length of the Mass-Sticks

This parameter is evaluated based on the total weight to be developed on the drilling tool and the
depth of the drilling. An empirical formula is often used:

L H2284 L 114.2m
mt
20 20 mt

With H: depth of the drilling.

Calculation of the unit mass of Rod-Masses

This value is taken from the table (B35) from the driller's form, it depends on the
outer and inner diameters of the mass rods:

-Øext=41/8″
-Øint=2''


Pmt 51.6Kg/m
Calculation of the maximum length of the Rods L1

T 0 .9 P L

L 1
− mt mt
1
Ks P C P
t1 a t1

L 50.103 0.9 51.3 11 4 . 2

−
1
1.33 14.134 0 .844 14.1379

L1=2426.85 m

The maximum depth of the drilling that can be reached will be:

L  L 2426.8 114 2541.05m

1 mt
5 .2

Lu=H-Lmt=2284-114.2=2169.8m
 Øtubage= 7′′

H=2284 m

Calculation of the total weight of the Rods and Rod-Masses

P L
T Lt  Lmt Pmt
u
P 2169 14.1379 51.6 114.2
T
.8
P 36.55 tonnes
T

III.3. The tubing program

After drilling a depth for a given phase, it is essential to go down into
the well is a casing column; in order to continue drilling the following phases safely
security.

III.4. The role of casings

Once drilled, the well is covered by pipes called 'casing' to prevent the
walls collapsing and being able to continue drilling without
The choice of tubing is determined by several factors, the main ones being:
➢  the intended depth;
➢  the expected pressures;
➢  the type of expected effluent: oil or gas;
➢  the risks of corrosion.
 III.5. The different tubing columns
➢ The guide column: it allows to:
Maintain unconsolidated surface formations (sands);
Channel the mud towards the chute;
Guide the tool at the beginning of drilling.

➢ The surface column: Used for:

Isolate the waters contained in the upper layers;
Maintain the surface grounds;
Support the wellheads with the following columns anchored in them;
Support the well sealing equipment.
➢  The technical column: of variable depth depending on the difficulties encountered, it
allows

To avoid continuing drilling in an exposed area with risks (landslides);

To isolate formations containing fluids under high or low pressures;
To prevent the rupture of the ground around the surface column shaft in case of an eruption.

The depth and number of technical columns depend on the pressures encountered in the
next phase. The resistance of the formations to the right of its hoof must be sufficient to withstand
these pressures.

➢  The production column:

It is essential in the case of a producing well. It allows to:

Isolate the producing formation from other formations;

Implement the production equipment.
It must provide all assurances of waterproofing and longevity.
The choice of tubes and connections will be determined based on the type of effluent expected (oil
or gas)

➢  The lost column (liner)

Suspended at the base of the previous column, it can play the same role as a column.
technique or a production column. The descent of this column is much more economical.
than that of a complete column, but this solution is not feasible in all cases, in
particularly in high-pressure wells.

Figure III.21: the different tubing columns.

III.6. The preparation of the casing column

This preparation generally takes place during the drilling days that precede the operation.
of tubing. The tubes are stored in layers so that the normal handling order
corresponds to the planned composition for the column. The pipes are identified (steel grade,
thickness, threading) and measured with a decameter; and then numbered so that each one can be identified.

The preparation of the column includes the installation of the following accessories:

➢  Sabot (float shoe): it is rounded in shape, it facilitates guidance and descent of the
column in the discovery. It is screwed onto the first tube to go down, then glued to prevent its
unscrewing during reaming. We distinguish three types of shoes which are:
Canal shoe with or without vents: It allows the direct penetration of mud into the
tubing during descent.
Clog with permanent non-return device:
Advantages: prevents the return of the milkman and avoids any risk of eruption.
Disadvantages: descending slowly to avoid overpressure on the formation, and
top filling (waste of time).
Sabot with transformable anti-backflow device:
 Automatically filling clogs.
Differential filling shoe.

Figure III.22: Types of Sabots (float shoe).

➢  Retaining collar: it is placed 10 to 20 meters above the shoe, it constitutes

a base for the cementation plugs.

We distinguish two types of rings:

Conventional ring: used for single-storey foundations;

Differential ring: used for two-stage cementing.

Figure III.23: Types of rings (landing collar).

➢  Centralizers: The centralizers are intended to prevent any contact of tubing with the wall of the hole.
and have a uniform annular space. They appear under two types:

Rigid centering with U-shaped blades reserved for tube-tube rings;

Flexible centering used for centering columns in the opening.
 Figure III.24: The types of centering devices

➢  Scrapers: they are intended for the removal of cake and promote better
adhesion of the cement to the substrate. They are chosen based on the movement that one intends to impose.
at the column during the cementation:
Rotation: rotary scrapers;
Back and forth: alternative scrapers.

Figure III.25: The types of scrapers (scratcher).

III.7. The maximum length of pipe columns

There is a limit to the length of a tube column of a given nominal dimension. This
the limit is given by one or the other of the following mechanical characteristics:

Maximum admissible traction on the upper tube;

Crushing resistance of the deepest tube;
Burst resistance.
The limit depth results from the following assumptions:
 ➢Empty well;
➢Crushing safety coefficient: 1.125 on minimum properties;
➢Hydrostatic formation pressure at the considered depth.

III.8. The standards for drilling tubes

The sampling tubes are made according to API standards in the following dimensions:

Table III.2: Standards for probing tubes.

4½ 65/8 95/8 16
5 7 10 ¾ 185dividedby8

5½ 75/8 11 ¾ 20
85/8 133/8

The most commonly used dimensions are:

Table III.3: Most used probe tube standards.

20 18 5/8 16 13.375 11 ¾
10¾ 9 5/8 7 5

For each diameter, there are a certain number of nominal weight grades of sleeves,

more commonly used and therefore more readily available from the manufacturer, in a subsidiary of the company,
or even with a project manager.

Once again, supply issues are predominant and the drilling and casing program
must take it into account.

III.9. The efforts borne by the casing column

The choice of the mechanical properties of the casing column depends on:
➢  The pulling force: The pulling force at a given point in the column is the quotient of
weight p of the part located above this point by the section of the tube. This force increases in
let's go from the bottom to the top of the column, it must be below the yield limit of the tubing.
➢  The crushing effort: It is the effort exerted by the surrounding terrain and fluids.
under continuous pressure in these fields. Its magnitude corresponds to the hydrostatic pressure exerted
through the mud column during drilling.
➢  The effort of bursting: After the production of a pressurized layer, the well
will be closed afterwards on the surface, the inside of the column can be subjected to external pressure
elevated. This last one is counterbalanced by an opposing pressure equal to the hydrostatic pressure,
in the most unfavorable conditions of an upward water column reaching the surface.

The effort of this external pressure will therefore be maximal on the tube located at the upper end.
from the column.

III.10. The Preparation of the wells before the descent of the casing
When the drill has reached the designated level for the tube column shoe, the hole is not
generally not ready for the immediate descent of tubing. It is first necessary to carry out the
Logging operations to facilitate the descent of casing tubes.
The most frequent operations carried out are as follows:

✓  Perform a well calibration with the Caliper;

✓  Perform cabling.
✓  Check the winch;
✓  Homogenize the sludge;
✓  Calibrate the tubes, check their threads, and measure the tubing

III.11. The choice of different casing columns and stopping dimensions

The guide column
Drilling diameter: 24′′.
Pipe diameter: 185/8′′
Forage from the surface down to the level of 130m; (40m in the Anhydrite Senonian) which
provides a good base for the hoof and the tubing.
As it is the beginning of the drilling, the layers crossed are less hard and easy to drill,
This is why the drilling duration at this stage is short.

Particular Risks

Partial or total losses in the carbonate levels of the Mio-Pliocene and the limestones
Sénonian dolomites may be the cause of the surface sand landslide that can go up to
until the destabilization of the drilling apparatus.

The surface column

- Drilling diameter: 171/2′′.
- Diamètre du tubage : 133/8′′
In this phase, we lower a pipe with a diameter of 13.3/8from the surface up to 110
meters in the Dogger Lagoon, at a height of 1751m.
It is a long phase most of the time and ideally drilled with a single PDC tool.
The objective of this intermediate phase is to tube in 13.3/8the formations of the Cretaceous and
a part of the Jurassic (the Clay and the Lagoon).
These formations would not support the required density to continue into the Lias just in
below. As we go deeper, the layers we traverse become more
more and more difficult.

The technical column

Drilling diameter: 121/4′′.
Pipe diameter: 95/8′′
In this phase, a 9-inch tubing is lowered.5/8from the surface to the
G35 formations in the clay triassic at an altitude of 2117m.
The aim of the phase: to isolate the Jurassic grounds from the clay Triassic where a mud of density
2.00 to 2.07 is necessary to hold the flowing clay benches of TS2.
The drilling consists of a vertical part, followed by a deviated part with an increase in inclination.
Particular Risks
- Calcium chloride water venues of the LD2, destabilizing through progressive diffusion and in
particularly during traffic stops.
Start of work at the level of the flowing clays of TS2.
Loss of circulation during tubing and cementing.

The lost column

Drilling diameter: 81/2′′.
Pipe diameter: 7 inches (Liner)
The objective of this phase is to lay the 7′′ liner in the tank by crossing the TAG,
Clayey Grassy Trias.

Phase 81/2is very important because it will extend the diverted part that will lead to the
well towards its final target by entering the Cambrian with a steep incline up to the level of
2284m.
 III.12. The Sizing of the Casing Column
The design and calculation of a casing column must be carried out taking into account a factor
maximum security and a minimal economic factor.

The casing column is subjected, as previously mentioned, to three main forces that
are:

The pulling effort.

The crushing effort.
The effort of bursting.

For the sizing, each load corresponds to a safety coefficient.

According to the A.P.I (American Petroleum Institute), the safety coefficients related to the different
constraints are as follows:

Eclatement:Ksecl =0.875

Ecrasement:Ksecr= 0.75

Traction:Kstr= 0.80

Certain oil companies apply fairly significant safety coefficients. Those

applied by LAGULF are as follows:

Eclatement:Ksecl =1

Ecrasement:Ksecr= 1.125

Traction:Kstr= 1.75

For the sizing of the various pipe columns, the following methods are used:
API method.
LAGULF Method.
Mariotte's method.

When sizing each casing column, calculations always start with

using lower grade materials for economic reasons and obtaining coefficients
higher safety standards than those of reference.
 If the calculated safety coefficients are lower than the reference ones, we move on to the use.
higher grade materials.

The calculation of safety coefficients takes into account the mechanical characteristics and
geometric data of the pipes used. These data are mentioned in a table provided by the A.P.I.
in the 'driller's form' from page C3 to C23.

The guide column

At shallow depths, the different constraints are only weakly represented alone.
Those related to traction can be considered.
The sizing of the guide column will only take into account the relative safety factor.
to the tensile forces to which this column is subjected.
The planned diameters are:
Hole diameter: 24′′
Pipe diameter: 185/8′′
Column depth: H=130m
To calculate the safety factor, one must choose the quality of the material that constitutes the tubes.
(that is to say the nuance of steel used) and the type of the sleeve.
Here we consider the calculation with grade K55 steel, whose parameters are the following according to
drilling form:
Nominal mass: qu=87.50 lb/ft with 1 lb/ft = 1.4882 Kg/m
We will have: qu=130.21 Kg/m.
Tensile strength (Short sleeve): RTr=352 .103daN
With 103 daN = 1.02 tf, we will have: RTr = 359.04 tf.

The efforts due to traction

The tubing column is mainly subjected to tensile forces that act on specific points.
connection of the tubes which are ensured by appropriate sleeves.

The calculation of the weight of column Q

Q q l Q130.21 130
u

Q 16927.3Kg Q 16.92 tonnes

The calculation of the security coefficient due to tension Kstr

 The Kstrest is the report of the tensile strength of the sleeve used at the weight of the column.

R 359.04
Ks Tr Ks
tr
Q tr
16.92

Kstr=21.21

The calculated Kstr is higher than the reference (=1.75), so the chosen material can withstand the
traction.

The steel grade used for the guide column is: K55

Diameter of the tubing: 185/8′′

Steel nuance: K55

Hole diameter: 24″

Profondeur : 130m
Guide column

The surface column

This column is subjected to forces of: tension, crushing, bursting.

The planned diameters are:

Hole diameter: 17′′
Pipe diameter: 133/8′′
Total depth of the column: 1751m
Mud density: db=1.3 g/cm3
 1st attempt at calculation

For the first test, we will use the steel nuance C75 which represents the parameters.
following according to the driller's form:

- Masse nominale : qu=54,50 lb/ftqu=81.1069 Kg/m.

- Tensile strength (Short sleeve): RTr=306.103daN
With 103 daN = 1.02 tf RTr=312.12 tf.
Crushing resistance: Recr=78 bars with 1 bar=0.1 MPa,
We will have: Recr=7.8 MPa.
Burst resistance: Recl257 bars with 1 bar = 0.1 MPa,
We will have: Recl=25.7 Mpa.
The thickness of the tube: 9.65 mm.

The efforts due to traction

The calculation of the weight of column Q

Q q l Q 81,1069 1751
u

Q 142018,1819Kg Q 142,018 tonnes

The calculation of the safety coefficient due to traction Kstr

R 312.12
Ks Tr Ks
tr
Q tr
142.018

Kstr=2.19

The calculated Kstr is higher than the reference one (=1.75) so the chosen material can withstand the
traction.

The efforts due to the crushing

Sizing is done according to two methods:

1st method: The calculation of the maximum length of the column (H) that can be used in
takes into account the characteristics of the material used.
 100 Recr 100 7.8
H H
1.2 db 1.2 1.3
H 500m

The maximum height does not reach the desired depth (H<1751m), we are therefore obliged
to enhance the nuance of steel.

2nd attempt at calculation

We will use the K55 steel grade which represents the following parameters according to the driller's form:

- Nominal mass: qu=68 lb/ft qu=101.20Kg/m.

- Tensile strength (Short sleeve): RTr=319.103daN
RTr=325.38 tf.
Crush resistance: Recr=134bars Recr=13.4 Mpa.
Burst resistance: Recl=238 bars Recl=23.8Mpa.
The thickness of the tube: 12.19mm.

The efforts due to traction

The calculation of the weight of column Q

Q q l Q101.20 1751
u

Q 177201.2Kg Q 177.2012 tonnes

The calculation of the safety factor due to tension Kstr

R 325.38
Ks Tr Ks
tr
Q tr
177.20

Kstr=1.83

The calculated Kstr is greater than the reference one (=1.75) so the material can withstand the
traction.

The efforts due to the crushing

Sizing is done according to two methods:
1st method: The calculation of the maximum length of the column (H) that can be used in
takes into account the characteristics of the material used.
 100 Recr 100 13.4
H H
1.2 db 1.2 1.3
 H 8 58.97m

The maximum height does not reach the desired depth (H<1751m), so we are forced to
to increase the shade of steel

3rd attempt at calculation

For the first trial, we will use the C75 steel grade which represents the parameters.
following according to the driller's form:

Masse nominale : qu=68 lb/ft qu=101.20 Kg/m.

Tensile strength (Short sleeve): RTr=402.103daN

With 103 daN = 1.02 tf RTr=401.4 tf.

Crushing resistance: Recr=153 bars with 1 bar=0.1 Mpa,
We will have: Recr=15.3 Mpa.
Burst resistance: Recl=325 bars with 1 bar=0.1 Mpa,
We will have: Recl=32.5 MPa.
The thickness of the tube: 12.19 mm.

The efforts due to traction

The calculation of the weight of column Q

Q q l Q 101.20 1751
u

Q 177201.2Kg Q 177.2012 tonnes

The calculation of the safety factor due to tension Kstr

R 410
Kstr Tr Kstr
Q 177.2

Kstr=2.31

The calculated Kstr is greater than the reference (=1.75) so the chosen material can withstand the
traction.
 The efforts due to the crushing

Sizing is done according to two methods:

1st method: The calculation of the maximum length of the column (H) that we can use in
takes into account the characteristics of the material used.
100 Rec 100 15.3
H r H
1.2 1.3
1.2 d b
H 980m

The maximum height does not reach the desired depth (H<1751m), so we are forced to
to increase the steel hue.

4th calculation attempt

For the first test, we will use the N80 steel grade which represents the parameters.
following according to the driller's form:

- Masse nominale : qu=68 lb/ftqu=101.20 Kg/m.

Tensile strength (Short sleeve): RTr=428.103daN
With 103 daN = 1.02 tf RTr=436.56 tf.
Crushing resistance: Recr=156 bars with 1 bar=0.1 Mpa,
We will have: Recr=15.6 Mpa.
Burst resistance: Recl=346 bars with 1 bar=0.1 MPa,
We will have: Recl=34.6 Mpa.
The thickness of the tube: 12.19 mm.

The efforts due to traction

The calculation of the weight of column Q

Q q l Q 101.20 1751
u

Q 177201.2Kg Q 177.2012 tonnes

The calculation of the traction safety coefficient Kstr

 R 436.56
Kstr Tr Kstr
Q 177.2

Kstr=2.46
The calculated Kstr is greater than the reference one (=1.75) so the chosen material can withstand the
traction.

The efforts due to the crushing

Sizing is done using two methods:

1st method: The calculation of the maximum length of the column (H) that can be used in
takes into account the characteristics of the material used.
100 Recr 100 15.6
H H
1.2 db 1.2 1.3
H 1012m

The maximum height does not reach the desired depth (H<1751m), we are then forced to
to increase the steel hue
5th attempt at calculation

For the 5th test, we will use the N80 steel grade. which represents the parameters
following according to the driller's form:

- Masse nominale : qu=68 lb/ftqu=101.20 Kg/m.

- Tensile strength (Short sleeve): RTr=428.103daN
With 103 daN = 1.02 tf RTr=436.56 tf.
- Crush resistance: Recr=156 bars with 1 bar=0.1 Mpa,
We will have: Recr=15.6 MPa.
Burst resistance: Recl=346 bars with 1 bar=0.1 Mpa,
We will have: Recl=34.6 Mpa.
The thickness of the tube: 12.19 mm.

The efforts due to traction

The calculation of the weight of column Q

Q q l Q 101.20 1751
u

Q 177201.2 Kg Q 177.2012 tonnes

The calculation of the safety factor due to tension Kstr

 R 436.56
Kstr Tr Kstr
Q 177.2

Kstr=2.46
The calculated Kstr is greater than the reference (=1.75) so the chosen material can withstand the
traction.

The efforts due to the crushing

Sizing is done according to two methods:

First method: The calculation of the maximum length of the column (H) that can be used in
taking into account the characteristics of the material used.
100 Recr 100 15.6
H H
1.2 db 1.2 1.3
H 1012m

The maximum height does not reach the desired depth (H<1751m), so we are obliged to
to increase the steel shade

2nd method: The calculation of hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the hole Phy.

P db H 1.3 1000
Phy 125Kgf/ cm2
hi
10 10

1 bar 1.02 Kgf/ cm2 P 122.5 bars

hi

The calculation of the crush safety coefficient Ksecr

R 156
Ksecr Pecr Ksecr
hi
122.5
Ksecr=1.27

The Ksecr calculated is greater than the reference value (=1.125).

The efforts due to the bursting

Sizing is done using three methods:
 1st method: method using Boyle's law:

t
P 2.
D
ext

With: P: bursting pressure in Mpa.

t: thickness of the tube.
Dext: outer diameter of the tube in mm (133/8=339.7mm).
σ : constant equal to 386.6 MPa.

t 12.19
P 2 . . P2 386.6 P27.75Mpa
D 339.7
ext
1 MPa 10bars P 277.5 bars

The calculation of the safety factor due to bursting Ksecl

R 346
Ksecl ecl Ksecl
P 277.5

Ksecl=1.24

The column can withstand bursting efforts because the calculated Ksecl is greater than that of
reference (=1).

2nd method: method according to A.P.I

t
P 2 . . 0.875
D
ext
12.19
P 2,386.6 0.875 P 24.28Mpa
339.7
1 MPa 10bars P 242.8 bars

The calculation of the safety coefficient due to bursting Ksecl

R 346
Ks ecl Ks
ecl
P ecl
242.8
Ksecl=1.42

The calculated Ksecl is greater than the reference one (=1).

 3rd method: The calculation of hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the hole Phy.

P db H 1.3 1000 Phy

130Kgf /cm2
hi
10 10

1 bar 1.02 Kgf/ cm2 P 127.451 bars

hi

The calculation of the safety factor due to bursting Ksecl

R 346
Ks ecl Ks
ecl P ecl
127.45
hi
Ksecl=2.71

The calculated Ksecl is greater than the reference (=1).

So the steel grade used for the surface column N80 meets the resistance to the
traction, crushing, and bursting.

The surface column is made with the N80 steel grade.

Tubing diameter: 133/8′′

from the surface at 1751m

Steel nuance: N80

Hole diameter: 171/2′′

Profondeur : 1751m
Surface column
 3. The technical column

This column is subject to tensions of: tensile, crushing, bursting.

The planned diameters are:

Hole diameter: 121/4′′
Pipe diameter: 95/8′′
Total depth of the column: 2117m
- Densité de boue : db=1.22 gr/cm3

first calculation attempt

For the first test, we will use the H40 steel grade which represents the parameters
following according to the driller's form:

- Nominal mass: qu=32.30 lb/ft qu=48.07 Kg/m.

Tensile strength (Short sleeve): RTr=113.103daN RTr=115.26 tf.
Crushing resistance: Recr=96.5bars Recr=9.65 Mpa.
Burst resistance: Recl=156 bars Recl=15.6MPa.
The thickness of the tube: 7.92mm.

The efforts due to traction:

The calculation of the weight of column Q

Q qu l Q 48.07 2117

Q 101764.19Kg Q 101.76419 tonnes
The calculation of the safety factor due to traction Kstr
R 115.26
Ks Tr Ks
tr
Q tr
101.764

Kstr=1.13
The calculated Kstr is less than the reference one (=1.75) so the chosen material cannot be
résister à la traction.

2nd calculation attempt

We will use the K55 steel grade, which represents the following parameters according to the form of
driller
 - Masse nominale : qu=58.40 lb/ftqu=86.91Kg/m.
- Résistance à la traction (Manchon court) : RTr=343.103daNRTr=349.86tf.
Crushing resistance: Recr=413bars Recr=41.3 Mpa.
Burst resistance: Recl=410 bars Recl=41Mpa.
The thickness of the tube: 15.11mm.

The efforts due to traction

The calculation of the weight of column Q

Q what l Q 86.91 2117

Q 183988.47Kg Q 183.988 tonnes
The calculation of the safety coefficient due to tension Kstr
R 349.86
Ks Tr Ks
tr
Q tr
183.98

Kstr=1.90

The calculated Kstr is higher than the reference one (=1.75) so the material can withstand the
traction.

The efforts due to the crushing

Sizing is done according to two methods:
1st method: The calculation of the maximum column length (H) that can be used in
taking into account the characteristics of the material used.
100 Rec 100 41.
H r H
3
1.2 db
1.2 1.22
H 2821.03m
(Hmax> 2117 ),1method to verify crush resistance.

2nd method: The calculation of hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the hole Phy.

P db  H 1.22 2117
Phy 258.27 / cm2
hi
10 10 4
Kgf

1 bar 1.02 Kgf/ cm2 P 263.43948 bars

hi
 The calculation of the safety coefficient due to crushing Ksecr
R 413
Ksecr Pniche Ksecr
hi
263.439
Ksecr=1.56

The calculated Ksecr is higher than the reference (=1.125)

The efforts due to the break

The sizing is done according to three methods:
1st method: method using Mariotte's law:

t
P 2.
D
ext

With: P: burst pressure in Mpa.

t : thickness of the tube.

Dext: outside diameter of the tube in mm (95/8244.5mm

σ: constant equal to 386.6 MPa.

t 15.11
P 2. . P2 386.6 P47.78Mpa
D 244.5
ext
1Mpa  1 0 bars  P  4 77.8 bars

The calculation of the safety coefficient due to bursting Ksecl

R 410
Ks ecl Ks
ecl
P ecl
477.8
Ksecr=0.85

The column cannot withstand the bursting efforts because Ksecl calculated is lower than that of
reference (=1).

3rd attempt at calculation

We will use the C75 steel nuance which represents the following parameters according to the form of
driller :
 - Masse nominale : qu=58.40 lb/ftqu=86.91Kg/m.
Tensile strength (Short sleeve): RTr=425.103daN RTr=433.5tf.
Crushing resistance: Recr=522bars Recr=52.2 Mpa.
- Résistance à l’éclatement : Recl=559 barsRecl=55.9Mpa.
The thickness of the tube: 15.11mm.
The efforts due to traction
The calculation of the weight of column Q

Q what l Q 86.91 2117

Q 183988.47Kg Q 183.98847 tonnes
The calculation of the safety factor due to tension Kstr
R 433.5
Ks Tr Ks
tr
Q tr
183.988

Kstr=2.35
The calculated Kstr is greater than the reference one (=1.75) so the material can withstand the
traction.

The efforts due to the crushing

Sizing is done according to two methods:
1st method: The calculation of the maximum length of the column (H) that can be used in
takes into account the characteristics of the material used.
100 Recruit 100 52.2
H H
1.2 db 1.2 1.3
H 3346.15m

(Hmax < 2117), 1method to check for crushing resistance.

2nd method: The calculation of hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the hole Phy.

P db H 1.3 2117
Phy 275.21 / cm2
hy
10 10 Kgf

1 bar 1.02 Kgf/ cm2 P 280.7142 bars

hi

The calculation of the safety factor due to crushing Ksecr

 R 522
Ksecr Pecr Ksecr
hi 280.7142
Ksecr=1.85

The calculated Ksecr is greater than the reference one (=1.125)

The efforts due to the bursting

The sizing is done according to three methods:
1st method: method using Boyle's law:

t
P 2.
D
ext

With: P: bursting pressure in Mpa.

t: thickness of the tube.

Dext: outer diameter of the tube in mm (95/8=244.5mm).

σ : constant equal to 386.6 MPa.

t November 15
P 2. . P2 386.6 P47.78Mpa
D 244.5
{"text":"ext"}
1MPa  1 0 bars  P  4 77.8 bars

The calculation of the safety factor due to bursting Ksecl

R 559
Ksecl ecl Ksecl
P 477.8
Ksecl=1.25

The column can resist bursting efforts because Ksecl calculated is higher. to that of
reference (=1).

2nd method: method according to A.P.I

t
P 2 . . 0.875
D
ext
15.11
P2 386.6 0.875P41.81Mpa
244.5
1 Mpa 10 bars P 418.1 bars
 The calculation of the safety coefficient due to bursting Ksecl

R 559
Ksecl ecl Ksecl
P 418.1 Ksecl=1.43

The calculated Ksecl is higher than the reference one (=1).

3rd method: The calculation of hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the hole Phy.

P d b H 1.22 2117
Phy 258.274/cm2
hi
10 10 Kgf
1 bar = 1.02 Kgfcm2 P 263.43948 bars
hi

The calculation of the safety coefficient due to bursting Ksecl

R 559
Ksecl Pecl Ksecl
hi
263.439
Ksecl=2.12

The technical column is made with the C75 steel grade.

from the surface to 2117m

Steel nuance: C75

Diameter of the tubing: 95/8′′

Hole diameter: 121/4′′

Profondeur : 2117 m
Technical column
 4. The production column (Liner)

This column is subjected to forces of: tension, crushing, bursting.

The planned diameters are:

Hole diameter: 81/2′′
Pipe diameter: 7''
- Profondeur du liner =2284 m
- Densité de boue : db=1.22 gr/cm3

1st calculation attempt

For the first test, we will use the H40 steel grade that represents the parameters.
following according to the driller's form:

- Masse nominale : qu=17 lb/ftqu=25.29 Kg/m.

- Résistance à la traction (Manchon court) : RTr=53.103daNRTr=54.06 tf.
Crush resistance: Recr=100bars with 1bar=0.1 Mpa,
We will have: Recr=10Mpa.
Burst resistance: Recl=159 bars with 1 bar=0.1 MPa,
We will have: Recl=15.9 Mpa.
The thickness of the tube: 5.87mm.

The efforts due to traction

The Calculation of the weight of column Q

Q q l Q 29.76 2284
u

Q 67971.84Kg Q 67.97184 tonnes

The calculation of the safety coefficient due to tension Kstr

R 54.06
Ks Tr Ks
tr
Q tr
67.97

Kstr=0.79
 The calculated Kstr is lower than the reference one (=1.75) so the sleeve can withstand the
traction.

2nd calculation attempt

We are going to use the C75 steel nuance which represents the following parameters according to the form of

driller
- Masse nominale : qu=26 lb/ftqu=38.69 Kg/m.
- Résistance à la traction (Manchon court) : RTr=198.103daNRTr=201.96 tf.
Crush resistance: Recr=362bars Recr=36.2 Mpa.
- Burst resistance: Recl=468bars Recl=46.8 Mpa.
The thickness of the tube: 9.19 mm.

The efforts due to traction:

The calculation of the weight of column Q

Q q l Q 38.69 2284
u

Q 883.6796Kg Q 88.36796 tonnes

The calculation of the safety factor due to tension Kstr

R 201.96
Ks Tr Ks
tr
Q tr
88.36796

Kstr=2.28

The calculated Kstr is higher than the reference one (=1.75) so the material can withstand the
traction.

The efforts due to the crushing

The sizing is done according to two methods:
1st method: The calculation of the maximum length of the column (H) that can be used in
taking into account the characteristics of the material used.
100 Recr 100 36.2
H H
1.2 db 1.2 1.22
 H 2472.6m
 Our drilling can go up to a depth of 2472m, so the lost column supports the
efforts to crush.

2nd method: The calculation of hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the hole Phy.

P db H 1.22 2284
Phy 278.648Kg/ cm2
hi
10 10 f

1 bar 1.02 Kgf/ cm2 P 284.22096 bars

hi

The calculation of the safety factor due to crushing Ksecr

R 362
Ksecr Pecr Ksecr
hi
284.22096

Ksecr=1.27

The calculated Ksecr is greater than the reference one (=1.125).

The efforts caused by the breakup

Sizing is done according to three methods:
1st method: method using Mariotte's law:

t
P 2.
D
ext

With: P: bursting pressure in Mpa.

t: thickness of the tube.

Dext: outer diameter of the tube in mm (7′′=177.8 mm).

σ: constant equal to 386.6 MPa.

t 9.19
P 2 . . P2 386.6 P39.96Mpa
D 177.8
ext
1Mpa 10 bars P 399.6bars

Calculation of the safety coefficient due to bursting Ksecl

 R 468
Ksecl ecl Ksecl
P 399.6

Ksecl=1.17

The column can withstand bursting efforts as Ksecl calculated is greater than that of
reference (=1).

2nd method: method according to A.P.I

t
P 0.875
D
2 . . ext

9.19
P2 386.6 0.875P34.96Mpa
177.8

1 MPa 10bars P 349.6 bars

The calculation of the safety coefficient due to bursting Ksecl

R 468
Ksecl ecl Ksecl
P 349.6

Ksecl=1.33

The calculated Ksecl is greater than the reference one (=1).

3rd method: calculation of hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the hole.

P db  H 1.22 2284
Phy 278.648K/ cm2
hi
10 10 gf
1 bar 1.02 Kgf/ cm2 P 284.22096 bars
hy

The calculation of the safety coefficient due to bursting Ksecl

R 468
Ksecl Pecl Ksecl
hi
284.22096

Ksecl=1.64
 The calculated Ksecl is greater than the reference one (=1).

So the steel grade used for the lost column C75 meets the tensile strength.
to crushing and bursting.

The production column is made with C75 steel.

Pipe diameter: 7''

Hole diameter: 81/2′′

Dela surface at 2284 m

Steel nuance: C75

Depth: 2284m

Production column
Conclusion

The choice of the drilling rig will be sized according to the greatest weight of
the tubing column