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JSS3 English Lesson Notes: Sept 2025

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JSS3 English Lesson Notes: Sept 2025

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No1 Tawheed Street, Behind College of Arabic & Islamic Studies (CAIS) Islamic Village,

Magaji Ogo, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

e-mail:dfortressislamacad@[Link]. Tel: +2349051684763/+2347067694312

Lesson Notes
JSS3 Lesson Notes – 22nd – 26th September, 2025

Lesson 1: Oral English – Consonant Sounds

Focus Sounds: /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /l/

Key Points:

- These are consonant sounds in English.

- Some are voiceless (/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /θ/) and others are voiced (/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /l/).

- Minimal pairs help show differences:

- /p/ vs /b/: pat – bat

- /t/ vs /d/: ten – den

- /k/ vs /g/: coat – goat

- /f/ vs /v/: fan – van

- /θ/ vs /ð/: thin – this

Lesson 2: Grammar – Adjectives, Adverbs, and Prepositions

ADJECTIVES
Definition: Words that describe or qualify nouns and pronouns.

Forms of Adjectives:

1. Positive degree – simple description (tall).

2. Comparative degree – compares two (taller).

3. Superlative degree – compares more than two (tallest).

Subclasses of Adjectives:

1. Descriptive/Qualitative – show quality (beautiful, old).

2. Quantitative – show quantity (some, little, much).

3. Demonstrative – point out (this, that, these, those).

4. Possessive – show ownership (my, our, his).

5. Interrogative – ask questions (which, what, whose).

6. Indefinite – refer to non-specific things (some, any, few, several)

7. Numeral – show number or order (two, first, second).

ADVERBS

Definition: Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

Forms of Adverbs

1. Simple form (fast, well).

2. Comparative form (faster, more quickly).

3. Superlative form (fastest, most quickly).

Subclasses of Adverbs:

1. Adverbs of manner – how? (slowly, quickly).

2. Adverbs of time – when? (yesterday, now, soon).

3. Adverbs of place – where? (here, there, outside).


4. Adverbs of frequency – how often? (always, often, seldom).

5. Adverbs of degree/intensity – to what extent? (very, too, almost).

6. Interrogative adverbs – used in questions (when, where, how, why).

7. Relative adverbs – introduce clauses (where, when, why).

PREPOSITIONS

Definition: Words placed before nouns or pronouns to show relationship with other words in a
sentence.

Forms of Prepositions:

1. Simple prepositions – one word (in, on, at, by).

2. Compound prepositions – two words (into, onto, upon, within).

3. Phrasal/Prepositional phrases – group of words (in front of, because of, according to).

Subclasses of Prepositions:

1. Prepositions of time (at, on, in, during).

2. Prepositions of place/position (under, between, beside).

3. Prepositions of direction/movement (to, into, onto, toward).

4. Prepositions of cause, reason, purpose (because of, due to, owing to).

Vocabulary: Transportation

Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. There are three main
types of transportation: land (cars, buses, trains, bicycles), water (ships, boats, ferries, canoes), and air
(airplanes, helicopters, jets). Transportation helps us travel easily and carry goods to different places.

Key Vocabulary

Driver – a person who drives a car, bus, or taxi.

Passenger – a person who travels in a vehicle.

Pilot – a person who flies an airplane.

Captain – a person in charge of a ship.

Conductor – a person who collects money for bus transport.


Ticket – a paper/card showing you paid for travel.

Fare – the money paid for transport.

Journey – traveling from one place to another.

Lesson 5: Literature – Types of Prose

Meaning: Prose is written in sentences and paragraphs (not in verse or dialogue form).

Types of Prose:

- Fiction: imaginative stories (novels, short stories)

- Non-fiction: real events and facts (biographies, essays)

- Prose drama: play written in ordinary language.

Importance: entertains, informs, educates, and preserves culture.

Lesson: Life History of a Mosquito

Steps:

1. Introduction (3 mins): Briefly discuss mosquitoes and why they are harmful.

2. Reading (5 mins): Students read silently, then a few read aloud. Correct pronunciation.

3. Vocabulary (5 mins): Explain key words (egg, larva, pupa, stagnant).

Formal Letters – Definition

A formal letter is a letter written to someone in authority or someone you don’t know personally.

It is polite, serious, and follows a proper format.

We write formal letters to:

Make a request (e.g., asking for permission)

Give information (e.g., reporting a problem)

Make a complaint (e.g., about a service)

Features:

1. Writer’s address (top right)

2. Date
3. Receiver’s address (left side)

4. Salutation (Dear Sir/Madam,)

5. Title/Heading

6. Body (in paragraphs)

7. Closing (Yours faithfully,)

8. Signature and full name

Common questions

Powered by AI

Understanding the different types of transportation—land, water, and air—facilitates global connectivity by enabling efficient movement of people and goods across diverse geographical contexts. This understanding is crucial for optimizing travel logistics, enhancing trade efficiency, and supporting economic growth through improved supply chain management and access to global markets .

Transportation vocabulary, such as 'pilot,' 'conductor,' 'ticket,' and 'fare,' equips individuals with essential terms to understand travel logistics and interaction with professionals in various modes of travel, whether by land, water, or air. This vocabulary is crucial for navigating travel contexts, understanding fare structures, and ensuring clear communication during travel .

Formal letters play a critical role in professional and institutional communication by providing a structured and polite means of making requests, giving information, or lodging complaints. Their format—including sender and receiver addresses, a clear salutation, and formal closures—ensures that the communication is taken seriously and facilitates a professional exchange of information .

Adjectives describe or qualify nouns and pronouns by adding information about qualities, quantity, or identity (e.g., beautiful, five). Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, providing details about how, when, where, or to what extent actions occur (e.g., quickly, always). Prepositions show relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words in a sentence, typically indicating time, place, or direction (e.g., in, on, between).

Prose is classified into fiction and non-fiction. Fiction includes imaginative stories such as novels and short stories, while non-fiction deals with factual events and information like biographies and essays. Prose drama is written in ordinary language for performance. The significance of prose lies in its ability to entertain, inform, educate, and preserve cultural narratives .

Correct pronunciation in phonetics ensures clarity in communication, aiding in the proper understanding and differentiation of sounds necessary for effective language instruction. This involves recognizing and practicing distinctions between similar sounds, as with /p/ and /b/ or /f/ and /v/, while improving learners' listening and speaking skills to achieve accurate and comprehensible speech .

Prepositions enhance clarity by explicitly defining the spatial or temporal relationship between elements in a sentence. For example, prepositions of place/position like 'under' or 'beside' specify location, while prepositions of time such as 'at,' 'on,' or 'during' clarify when an event occurs, contributing to a more precise and coherent understanding of information presented .

Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns by providing qualitative information, thus helping to detail and specify the characteristics of people, places, or things. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, altering the intensity or manner of an action, quality, or another adverbial function (e.g., 'run quickly,' 'very happy'). This distinction impacts the meaning by expanding on the precise nature of the actions or qualities described in sentences .

Minimal pairs are pairs of words that differ by only one phonological element and have different meanings, which helps in distinguishing between similar consonant sounds. For instance, the pair 'pat' and 'bat' illustrates the difference between the voiceless consonant /p/ and the voiced consonant /b/ .

Voiced consonants occur when the vocal cords vibrate, such as /b/, /d/, and /g/, while voiceless consonants, like /p/, /t/, and /k/, do not involve vocal cord vibration. This distinction impacts English pronunciation by influencing the clarity and meaning of words, as exemplified in minimal pairs like 'bat' vs. 'pat' and 'coat' vs. 'goat' .

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