Subnetting
Agenda
• Binary
• Scenario from network
• Scenario from host
• VLSM
• Scenario from network for class B & A
• Scenario from host for class B & A
• Reverse engineering
• Exception
Binary
Practice
• 180 to binary
• 41 to binary
• 00110110 to decimal
• 10010110 to decimal
What is Subnetting
• Method to divide large network into small subnetwork
• Based on requirements
You should know
• Basic IP Addressing
• Classes of IP Address
• Decimal to Binary Conversion
Subnet question#1
from network scenario
• This organization has purchased class C address [Link] & would
like to address this network
Solution
• Step 1:Find number of network & convert to binary
• NW=5 Bin=101 Bits=3
• Step 2:Reserve bits in subnet mask & find block size
• [Link]
• 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.0000 0000 /24
• 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1110 0000 /27
• [Link]
• Block size=32
• Step 3:Ranges
• [Link]-31(1-30) [Link]-127(97-126)
• [Link]-63(33-62) [Link]-159(129-158)
• [Link]-95(65-94) [Link]
Subnet question#2
from network scenario
• Divide [Link] into 50 subnet
Solution
• Step 1:Find number of network & convert to binary
• NW=50 Bits=6
• Step 2:Reserve bits in subnet mask & find block size
• [Link]
• 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.0000 0000 /24
• 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1100 /30
• [Link]
• Block size=4
• Step 3:Ranges
• [Link]-3 [Link]-15
• [Link]-7 [Link]-19
• [Link]-11 [Link]-23
Subnet question#1
from host scenario
• This organization has purchased class C address [Link] & would
like to address this network with 30 host in each subnet
Solution
• Step 1:Find number of host & convert to binary
• H=30 BIN=11110 Bits=5
• Step 2:Reserve bits in subnet mask & find block size
• [Link]
• 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.0000 0000 /24
• 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1110 0000 /27
• [Link]
• Block size=32
• Step 3:Ranges
• [Link]-31 [Link]-127
• [Link]-63 [Link]-159
• [Link]-95 [Link]
VLSM
• Bangalore=60 Hosts Mumbai=30 Hosts Chennai=10 Hosts
CIDR
• Classless Inter domain Routing
• Class A
• N-H-H-H
• 1111 1111.0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000
• [Link]/8
• [Link]/9
• 1111 1111.1000 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000
• [Link]/10
• [Link]/11
• [Link]/12
• [Link]/13
• [Link]/14
• [Link]/15 UP TO /32
Network scenario #3
• Class B: [Link]
• Need: 100 networks
• Step 1: Find bits for required networks
–7
• Step 2: Reserves bits in SM & find increment
–[Link]
–1111 1111.1111 1111.0000 0000.0000 0000
–1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1110.0000 0000
–Inc=2 block=512
–[Link]
–/23
• Find ranges using inc
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-[Link]
–…
Network scenario #4
• Class A: [Link]
• Need: 1000 network
• Step 1: Find bits for required networks
–10
• Step 2: Reserves bits in SM & find increment
–N.H.H.H
–[Link]
–1111 1111.0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000
–1111 1111.1111 1111.1100 0000.0000 0000
–Inc=64 Block Size=16384
–[Link]
–/18
• Find ranges using inc
–[Link]-[Link]([Link]-[Link])
–[Link]-[Link]([Link]-[Link])
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-…
–…
Practice
• [Link] into 40 net
• [Link] into 14 net
• [Link] into 1000 net
• [Link] into 25 net
Host based subnet calculation
• Scenario
• Class B: [Link]
• Need: 500 host per network
• Step 1: Find bits for required hosts
–500
–9 bits
• Step 2: Reserves bits in SM & find increment
–[Link]
–1111 1111.1111 1111.0000 0000.0000 0000
–1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1110.0000 0000
–Inc=2 Block Size=512
–[Link]
–/23
• Find ranges using inc
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-[Link]
–…
• Scenario
• Class A: [Link]
• Need: 100 host per network
• Step 1: Find bits for required hosts
–100
–7 bits
• Step 2: Reserves bits in SM & find increment
–[Link]
–1111 1111. 0000 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000
–1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1000 0000
–Inc Size & Block Size=128
–[Link]
–/25
• Find ranges using inc
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-[Link]
–[Link]-[Link]…
–[Link]
–[Link]
Practice
• [Link] into 40 host per network
• [Link] into 12 host per network
• [Link] into 1000 host per network
• [Link] into 100 host per network
Reverse Engineering
Exception
• binary begins with zero
• following network values throw off calculation
•2 4 8 16 32 ...
• following host values throw off calculation
•3 7 15 31 ...
• to sort out
• minus one for network
• plus one for host
Question #260 (Topic: Exam A)
• A junior network technician at a large company needs to create
networks from a Class C address with 14 hosts per subnet. Which of
the following numbers of host bits is required?
• A. One
• B. Two
• C. Three
• D. Four*
Question #285(Topic: Exam A)
• A network administrator needs to assign IP addresses to a newly
installed network. They choose [Link]/24 as their network
address and need to create three subnets with 30 hosts on each
subnet. Which of the following is a valid subnet mask that will meet
the requirements?
• A. [Link]
• B. [Link]
• C. [Link] *
• D. [Link]
Question #293(Topic: Exam A)
• Some of the 20 employees who use the wireless network report they are
unable to access network resources even though the wireless network is
available. Administrator recently made the following configuration changes
to the wireless DHCP server: Which of the following is the cause of this
issue?
• Network: [Link] Mask: [Link] Gateway: [Link]
• A. Incorrect VLAN assignment
• B. Incorrect ACL configuration
• C. Incorrect subnet mask *
• D. Incorrect default gateway
Question #303 (Topic: Exam A)
• A network administrator needs to deploy a subnet using an IP address
range that can support at least 260 devices with the fewest wasted
addresses. Which of the following subnets should the administrator
use?
• A. [Link]/24
• B. [Link]/23 *
• C. [Link]/22
• D. [Link]/21
Question #359(Topic: Exam A)
• A network engineer is troubleshooting connectivity for a newly installed
server on an existing VLAN. The engineer reviews the following requested
output:
• Which of the following describes the issue?
• A. The server has an incorrect subnet mask. *
• B. There is a duplicate IP address on the network.
• C. The DHCP address pool is exhausted.
• D. The router is missing a default route.
Question #384(Topic: Exam A)
• A network administrator is creating a subnet that will include 45
separate hosts on a small private network within a large network
architecture. Which of the following options is the most efficient use
of network addresses when assigning this network?
• A. [Link]/25
• B. [Link]/27
• C. [Link]/26 *
• D. [Link]/28
Summary
• Binary
• Scenario from network
• Scenario from host
• VLSM
• Scenario from network for class B & A
• Scenario from host for class B & A
• Reverse engineering
• Exception