Summary:

INTRODUCTION
PRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK.........................................................................................3
1. Presentation of the work.................................................................................................................4
2. Characteristics fundamentals and calculation hypothesis: ................................................................4
3. Materials ..........................................................................................................................................5
CALCULATION OF LOAD-BEARING ELEMENTS
Study of the slab: ...................................................................................................................................7
1.1 Preliminary sizing of the slab: ..................................................................................................7
1.2 Sizing of the terrace floor:.......................................................................................8
1.3 Sizing of current floor slabs (hollow core slabs):...................................... 11
2. Study of the beam.............................................................................................................................. 13
2.1 Preliminary sizing of the beame ............................................................................................. 13
2.2 Calculation of moments ..................................................................................................................... 13
2.3 Calculation of the sections of the tensioned reinforcements ................................................................................. 17

2.4 Calculation of core reinforcement............................................................................................................ 19

2.5 Justification for the supports
2.6 Stop of bars............................................................................................................................ 22
2.7 Length of sealing ............................................................................................................... 24
2.8 Scrap Steel Diagrame .25
3. Study of the poleu.26

3.1 Preliminary sizing of the columnsx ............................................................................................. 26

3.2 Sizing of the columns ................................................................................................... 30

4. Study of the sole ............................................................................................................................ 33
4.1 Dimensions of the solee ............................................................................................................. 33
4.2Calcul des sections d’acier............................................................................................................ 34
4.3 The bar stops........................................................................................................................ 34
4.4 Verification by punching.................................................................................................... 35
4.5 Scaffold diagrame ................................................................................................................... 36
CONCLUSIONN .............................................................................................................................................. 37

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 1

 INTRODUCTION

This work is dedicated to the calculation and sizing of elements.

main components of a reinforced concrete building.

Such a calculation is essential in order to acquire a working method and

to encounter the difficulties that can be faced during the study of a real project.
This mini project involves designing and sizing a R+2 concrete building.
armed. Initially, the study consisted of conducting a descent of
static loads and pre-dimension the structural elements, then to
dimension these elements namely the slab (D1), continuous beam (L2),
post(P1), footing(S1) in order to determine the reinforcement of the load-bearing elements
while relying on the technical design and calculation rules of structures
and reinforced concrete constructions at limit states (B.A.E.L.91).

The main parts of this project are presented below:

The first chapter aims to provide an overview of the project being studied,
accompanied by a presentation of the different characteristics of
concrete and steel materials.

The second chapter is dedicated to the calculation of the elements of the structure.

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 2

PRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 3

 1. Presentation of the work
Our work involves studying a building (R+2), for multiple use composed of:

A ground floor with a ceiling height of 3.5 meters

2 current floors with a height of 3 meters

2. Fundamental characteristics and calculation hypothesis:

Requests :

Permanent charges:

Specific weight of reinforced concrete elements ………………………………25 KN/m 3

Facade made of lightweight prefabricated elements.................................1.2 KN/m

Operating Expenses :

Current level ………………………………………………………………………...3.5 KN/m²

On terrace ………………………………………………………………………..…...1 kN/m²

Diverse:

Terrace floor: solid slab

Gravel with a bulk density of ... 21 KN/

Sealing ……………………………………………………………………………0.12 KN/m²

Superstructures on floors

Floors + Ground Floor: Lightweight partitions and false ceiling……………………………...............1 KN/m²

Floors + Ground Floor: 4 cm thick screed with a volumetric weight of ............20 KN/

Poles:

 Charged after 90 days

To the Elected 10 bar

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 4

 3. Materials

Limit constraints under normal bending stresses

Concrete:

The characteristic tensile strength of concrete at 28 days:

-Steels:

Harmful fissures for any element in contact with the outside.

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 5

 CALCULATION OF LOAD-BEARING ELEMENTS

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 6

1. Study of the slab:

1.1 Pre-sizing of the slab:

Pre-sizing of the solid slab (terrace floor):

Knowing that we have a continuous solid slab, supported in two directions then the pre-
The sizing of the slab consists of dividing the length Lx by 40:

α 0.86 ≥ 0.4 from the range in both directions

For a continuous slab

Ep ≥

Let: Ep 15cm

Pre-sizing of the hollow core slab (standard floor and ground floor):

The pre-sizing of the hollow core slab involves dividing the length in the
sense of the beams by 22.5:

Load descent:
Terrace Flooring:

Permanent charges :

Self-weight of the slab : 0.15 x 25 = 3.751 KN/m²

Gravel on 5 cm : 0.05 x 21 = 1.05 KN/m²

Sealing : 0.12 kN/m²

Total permanent charges (G): 4.92 KN/m²

Operating expenses (Q) : 1 kN/m²

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 7

 Current floor:

Permanent charges:

Self-weight of the slab (25+5): 4.00 kN/m²

Light partitions and false ceiling: 1.00 kN/m²

4 cm coating: 0.04 x 20 = 0.80 kN/m²

Total permanent charges (G): 5.80 kN/m²

Operating charges (Q) : 3.5 KN/m²

1.2 Sizing of the terrace floor:

Since slab D1 is in contact with the outside (FP) and is made of type 500 steel, therefore the slab must
to be sized to the service limit state.

5.92 KN/m

So 0.0576 and 0.7794

The isostatic moments

The calculated moments will be reduced by applying the flat coefficient of 0.85 per span.
0.3 or 0.5 at the supports respectively for edge and intermediate.
So, the moments corresponding to the spans and supports are:

ELS
River banks support Mser = -3.68271.m
Intermediate supports Mser = -6.138.m
Next span lx Mtx = 10.43 kN.m
Next span Mty = 8.1328 KN.m

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 8

 Following lx:

1=

s=

s=

1< s let it be unique root on ]0.1[ of the equation:

-3 -90 1 +90 1

-3 -0.2061 +0.2061

0.238407

=
to be bd 3.34

Let Asréel= 12HA6 = 3.39cm²

Following Ly

1=

1< s let it be unique root on ]0.1[ of the equation:

-3 -0.1602 +0.1602

0.2127

to be = bd 2.56

Let Asréel= 10HA6 = 2.89cm²

Constructive dispositions:

Minimum diameter:

Ø≤ 0.015 cm

Minimal section:

Aand mine = 6 h0 =0.9 < 2.82 /m

Aand min= Aand min= 0.015=0.9675 < 3.39 /m

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 9

 Maximum spacing

Stx≤25cm (car 2 h030 )

Sty≤ 33cm (45 ) let Stx= Sty=25cm

Bar stops

The span reinforcements are stopped at: 0.10Lx=0.10*600 = 60 cm

The reinforcements in caps on the supports are stopped at:

L1 = {

on=0.60ψs² ftj= 0.6*1.522.1 = 2.835 M

Calculate the bonding length:

Ls = = 26cm

So: L1 = Max{ 150cm

L2 = Max { =75cm

Soul Armatures

Verification of the tangent constraint:

The slab is concreted without any joint in its thickness.

The tangent constraint:

= 17.098 kN

With = 0.1267 M ≤̅ 1.16 M

The tangential constraint is verified, thus the core reinforcements according to are not
necessary.

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 10

 Vuy = 16.284 KN

= 0.1206 M ̅ 1.16 M

so the soul reinforcements according to are not necessary since the two conditions
are verified.

1.3 Sizing of standard floor slabs (hollow core slab):

suitable for a compression slab 5cm thick and 25cm high

necessary for the slabs and the beams.

The choice of prestressed beams:

Type beams Hauteur (cm) Name Diameter of Range (m)

of steels sheets (mm)
145 14 5 5 6.00 to 6.50 m

146 14 6 5 6.00 to 7.60

In relation to the significant load applied on the slab (0.93 t/m2at the ELS and 1.30 t/m2at the ELU)
we use type 146 beams for their ability to support heavy loads
(Initial prestressing tension of eccentric steel applied by the jacks 18950N).

Choice of slabs:

The height of the slabs must be equal to 25 cm.

Use type H 25 hollow blocks with a height of 25 cm and a width of 60 cm (supporting more
that 22 daN).

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 11

 Welded mesh

According to the BAEL B. 6.8,42

For the widths of the hollow tiles: 50cm < L ≤ 80cm the section of the wire
perpendicular to the ribs must be such that: ≥ with L in cm. The
The width of the H25 slabs is 60 cm, therefore it is A ≥. 0.48 cm2/m.

According to the ADETS catalog, the minimum section of reinforcements is A = 0.80 cm²/m.

With:

D: Diameter of the longest wire

d: Shortest wire diameter

E: longest wire spacing

e: Shortest wire spacing

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 12

2. Study of the beam

2.1 Pre-sizing of the beam

We propose to study the continuous beam inside the upper floor of the first floor whose
Two spans are of a length of 7m and 6m respectively (See figure below).

The 2 spans have different inertias, which will explain the subsequent use of the method.
of Caquot.

The dimensions of the beam are chosen on a flat-rate basis: .

For the first span, we will take h=70cm, and for the second h=60cm.

2.2 Calculation of moments

Calculation of loads applied to the beam:

For the charged-charged case:

( )

With

It will be found later:

All calculations are done at the ELU or ELS for the two spans according to their loading cases.
give

P1:Chargée P1:Déchargée P2:Chargée P2:Déchargée

ELU 85.7 52.89 84.855 52.0425
ELS 61.05 39.175 60.425 38.55

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 13

 Calculation of moments:
Example of calculation:
Moment at support B for the Loaded-Loaded case at ELU:
[ ( )]

With:

And we have:

We obtain:

Moment on span 1 for the Loaded-Unloaded case at ELU:

( )

So the moment equation on the span becomes

=0

Alors le moment maximal est :

All calculations made for the intermediate support and the two spans for all loading cases
ELU and ELS give the following results:

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 14

TO THE ELU :

Moment on supports

Loading Moment on support: MB

Loaded-loaded -416.44 KN.m
Loaded-Unloaded -336.355 KN.m

Discharged-charged -336.3 KN.m

Moment on Span 1:

CD Me-336.355 KN.m
x= 2.94 m
Equation : 251.9x - 42.85x² Mt max = 370.2 KN.m

Moment sur Travée 2

Cas DC Mw -336.3 KN.m

x= 3.67 m
235.875
Equation: Mt max =
311.615x - 42.4275x² - 336.3 KN.m

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 15

 THE ELS :
Moment on supports

Loading Moment on support: MB

Charged-charged -296.6 KN.m
Loaded-Unloaded -243.215 kN.m

Discharged-charged -243.17 KN.m

Moment on Span 1:

CD Me-243.215 KN.m
x= 2.93 m
Equation : 178.93x-30.525x² Mt max = 262.21 kN.m

Moment on Span 2

Case DC Mw-243.17 KN.m

x= 3.67 m
Equation: Mt 163.9 KN·m
221.8x - 30.2125x² - 243.17 max =

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 16

2.3 Calculation of the sections of the tensioned reinforcements

Since the beam is internal, the calculation will be done at the U.L.S:

Span 1:

With -3100

So, tensioned steel and Pivot B:

( ) √

We choose with a real section

Span 2 :

So, tensioned steel and Pivot B:

( ) √

We choose with a real section

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 17

 Bracing at supports:
- Support A :

The isostatic moment: 524.91 KN.m

Pivot A with 0< =0.056 <0.1042

Solution of the equation 15 -60 + (20-4 ) +8 -4 =0

We choose with a real section

-Support B :

We choose for with a real section , and

for 6HA12 with a real section

-Support C :

The isostatic moment: 381.8475 KN.m

Pivot A with 0< <0.1042

Resolution of equation 15 -60 +(20-4 ) +8 -4 =0

One chooses with a real section

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 18

2.4 Calculation of web reinforcements

The Caquot formula for shear force is written as:

The isostatic cutting efforts on the two spans are:

For support A:

240.46 KN

For support B:

= 323.97 kN

For support C:

KN

Calculation of spacing:

-Crossing 1 :

With ̅ { }

Diameter of the transverse reinforcements: 6.66

{ }

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 19

 With n strands equal to 4

( )

Non-fragility condition: Verified

Nombre de répétitions : 4

The first spacing is: St = 10cm.

Crossing 2:

With ̅ { }

Diameter of transverse reinforcements: 5.33

{ }

With n number of strands equal to 3

( )

Non-fragility condition: Checked

Nombre de répétitions : 3

The first spacing is: St = 4cm.

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 20

Justification for supports

For the beam L2 of the current floor:

Justification of bank support A: (span 7 m)

- Calculation of the useful support depth:

a = 25 - 2 - c = 25 - 2 - 3 = 20 cm

a 0.9d a= 20cm 56.7 cm

Verification of the compression of the connecting rods

bc= = = 9.61 MPa

bc=9.61Mpa = 13.13 Mpa, It's verified

Minimum section of longitudinal reinforcement at the edge support:

As = 16 cm2 5.53 cm2It’s verified


Justification of bank support C: (span 6m)

Calculation of the usable support depth:

a = 25 - 2 - c = 25 - 2 - 3 = 20 cm

a 0.9d a= 20cm 48.6 cm; This is

verified
Verification of the rod compression

bc= = 7.40 Mpa

bc7.40Mpa =13.13 MPa, It is verified.

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 21

 -Minimal longitudinal structure section on edge support:

As = 11.56 cm2 4.29 cm2It is verified.

Justification of intermediate support B:

Vu = max (| |) | = max
| (359.44 ; 323.97)

Vu = 359.44 KN

Ru = | |=| 359.44 |+ 323.97

Ru = 683.41 KN

Calculation of the minimum support depth:

a = 25–2–2 = 21 cm

a =
a = 21cm 21.56; Condition is not verified. So we take a = 22 cm

Average compressive constraint under the support:

10.97 Mpa = 21.66 Mpa

Condition verified, with a=22cm.

2.6 Stop of the bars

The calculation of bar stops consists of determining the length of the bars required to
support the moment.

The moment curves are given by the following equations:

Truss 1 Span 2
C-C
D-C
C-D

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 22

 Span 1:

For the 2nd bed, we calculate the resisting moment. ̅

On a with

We obtain:

We calculate the solution of the equation

We will stop the bar at a distance of

Span2:

2nd bed:

With ̅

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 23

2.4 Calculation of web reinforcements

The Caquot formula for shear force is written as:

The isostatic cutting efforts on the two spans are:

For support A:

240.46 KN

For support B:

= 323.97 kN

For support C:

KN

Calculation of spacing:

-Crossing 1 :

With ̅ { }

Diameter of the transverse reinforcements: 6.66

{ }
2.8 Rebar layout

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 25

 3. Study of the pole

3.1 Pre-sizing of the columns

Load descent

Charges on the terrace floor:

Permanent Charges :

Pp Dalle full: 25*0.15= 3.75 KN/ m².

Gravel with a bulk density of 21 kN/m3and 5 cm thick: 21*0.05=1.05 kN/m².
Sealing: 0.12 kN/m²
From where: Gterrace = 3.75 + 1.05 + 0.12 = 4.92 KN/m2

Operating Charges:

Terrace : 1 kN/m²
So: Qterrace=1 kN/m²
Charges on the ground floor and current floor: Hollow Body

Permanent Charges:

Hollow body (25+5): 4 kN/m²

Light partitions and false ceiling: 1 kN/m²
Coating of 4 cm of Bulk Density of 20 KN/m320*0.04 = 0.8 KN/m²
Where from: Gcurrent = 4 + 1 + 0.8 = 5.8 kN/m²

Operating Charges:

Current Level: 3.5 KN/m²

So: Qcourant = 3.5 KN/m²

Interior post P1 under the Terrace - Second Floor Level:

To take into account the self-weight of the column in the calculation of the loads applied to the column,
we do a preliminary sizing.
The buckling length for a fixed-hinged column is: Lf = 0.7 x L0 = 2.1 m
√
For =35 we find a = = 20.78 cm; so we take a = 25 cm.
It is assumed that a = b = 25 cm, this is the minimum section of a column according to RPS 2000.
Subsequently, we check if the selected section will support the applied loads.

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 26

For the calculation of the load applied on the post:

Nuet(1.35 x Gtot+1.5 x Qtot) + 1.35 [Link]

For the calculation of Gtotand Qtot:

Gtot= Sinfx Gterrace + Linf1x Gt6 x 3 + Linf2x GT7

Qtot = Sinfx Qterrace

With the area of influence: Sinf6.25 x 6.75 = 42.1875 m2

Linf1=3 m ; Linf23.5 m

Gt6and Gt7,are the loads of beams under solid slabs:

Gt6=25x 0.25 x 0.45 = 2.8125 KN/ m

Gt725 x 0.25 x 0.55 = 3.4375 KN/m

SoGup to= 42.1875x 4.92 + 3x2.8125x3 + 3.5x3.4375

Gto244.9 KN and Qtot1 x 42.1875 = 42.1875 KN

From: Nuet2= (1.35x244.9 + 1.5x42.1875) + 1.35x25x0.25x0.25x3

Nuet2400.2 KN

and Nseret2= (Gtot+ Qto) + [Link]= 291.775 KN

Verification of the dimensions of the pole:

√ √
- = 29.09

- = 1 + 0.2x ( )21.13

Br = 234.45cm2(a-2) x (b-2)

b = 12.19cm
So we take b=25 cm, and the load Nuet2don't change.

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 27

 Pole P1 Level First Floor: (Current Level)

For the load applied to pole P1 at level floor 1, it is written:

Nuet1= ( 1.35 x Guntil+1.5 x Qto) + 1.35 [Link]+ Nuet2

Guntil= Sinf xGcurrent + GL2T7x 3.5 +( GL2T6+ 2x GL3T6) x 3

Qtot = Sinfx Qcourant

We calculate the chargesL2T7GL2T6, GL3T6beams of the common floors supported by the column
.

GL2T7= 25x0.25x0.7 = 4.375 KN/m

GL2T625 x 0.25 x 0.6 = 3.75 KN/m

GL3T6= 25 x 0.25 x 0.40 = 2.5 KN/m

Where we find:
Gtot286.25KN and Qtot = 147.65 KN

And finally, we calculate Nuet1(1.35 x Gtot+1.5 x Quntil) + 1.35 [Link]+ Nuet2

With: [Link]= 25x3x0.25x0.25
So: Nuet1 1014.46 KN
Nseret1 = 731.3 KN

Verification of the pole dimensions:

- = 1.13 does not change

- Br = 590.015 cm2(25-2)x(b-2)
We find b = 27.65cm.
So we take b = 30cm; And we correct the load Nuet1with the new dimensions of
post.
We find: Nuet11015.72 KN

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 28

 Post P1 Ground Floor Level:

We will follow the same approach.

The load applied to the lower column at ground level is written as:

NuetRDC(1.35 x Gtot+1.5 x Qtot) + 1.35 [Link]+ Nuet1 (corrected)

Gtoand Qtotthey are the same charges we found previously.

So we find that: NuetRDC= 1632.49KN and NserRDC = 1176.14 KN

Verification of the pole dimensions:

√ √
- = 33.95
- = 1.18 Br= 991.47cm2
We find b = 45.10 cm; and we take b = 50 cm
Correction of the chargeNuetRDCwith the new dimensions of the posts.

NuetRDC= 1638.39KN

We increase this load by 15% of the intermediate poles: NuetRDC1884.183 KN

The table below summarizes all the results found:

Post Accumulate Nu(KN) Nto be(KN) Brecalculated(cm2) b (cm) axb Br(cm2)

Terrace T 400.22 291.775 234.45 12.19 25x25 529

P1
T + ET1 1015.72 731.3 590.015 27.65 25x30 644

RDC+T+ET1 1638.39 1176.14 991.47 45.10 25x50 1104

Sizing of an R+2 building Page 29

3.2 Sizing of the columns

The Longitudinal Reinforcements

= 0.72

As= ( - x )

As13.55 cm2 6HA16 + 2HA10 Asréel13.63 cm2

Limit condition: Amax= 5x =5x

Amax62.5cm2

Amin= max ( 4u ; 0.2% B ) = max ( 6 ; 2.5 ) = 6cm2The conditions are verified

Diameter of transverse steels:

Spacing (current zone):

St min{ } = 15cm

Constructive dispositions:
Spacing:

e min{ } 35cm

Following:

ea= 10.2 cm 35 cm

Following b:

eb= = 22.4 cm 35 cm

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 30

 Overlap length between the ground floor column and the first floor:

Ls = 50 x = 50cm; Therefore Lr = 0.6 Ls = 30 cm

Spacing (overlap area):

Str= = 13.8 cm

We take :Str13cm

Reinforcement plan:

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 31

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 32
 4. Study of the sole

In our 'project' we will address the slab in the isolated case (under a column 'a*b')
rectangular with area "A*B" and thickness "h" subjected to a centered vertical load, and
for sizing, we will use the homothety method:

According to the load distribution calculation, the footing supports a load of:

Nu=1884,183KN Et Nto be=1352.561KN.

qu10 bar = 1 MPa qto be=0.66MPa

4.1 Dimensions of the sole

Condition of resistance:

√ √

We take

Condition of rigidity:

( ) ;

So we take d=0.6m h=0.65m

Verification taking into account the self-weight of the sole:

Donc les charges deviennent :Nu=1966.452KN Et Nser =1413.501KN.

We now need to redo the calculation with the new charges, we find:

So the values of A and B that we have considered are applicable.

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 33

 4.2 Calculation of steel sections

At the ELS:

Cracking is detrimental, so we increase the steel sections found at the ULS by a

coefficient equal to 1.1:

We take:

4.3 The bar stops

Seal length:

On a :

Sizing of a R+2 building Page 34

So there are anchor points by brackets according to A at 90° and there are none according to B.

We extend the bars to the ends.

4.4 Verification by Punching

To ensure that there is no punching of the footing by the column, the condition must be checked.
following:

With

( ) ( )

And

So:

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 35

4.5 Reinforcement diagram

According to B

According to A

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 36

 CONCLUSION

The role of the structural engineer in a construction project is fundamental.

He must design and calculate the elements of the structure so that they can
resist all expected solicitations and provide satisfactory durability
during the entire operating period, and it is in this sense that this mini project
it has been a very interesting opportunity for us to deepen our knowledge
during our training and especially to master and apply the knowledge
théorique acquises au cours du module de béton armé.

Sizing of a building R+2 Page 37