Technical Sheets

VENTILATION CONCEPTS

EXTRACTION HOODS

When in the Technical Sheet

VENTILATION1,4/1995,itwasmentioned
Section
of Localized Ventilation S
it justified the use of it when
it was possible to identify at one point
Pressure
it specifies the contaminating focus of Pd
v
air. So, we said, the system Q speed Q
more rational and economical, as well as Flow
the only effective one if we intended to of air

control toxic emissions or

dusty or smoky, it consisted of
capture pollution as it happens
what was produced and in the same place Q (m3/h)
v= m/s Pd = K 2v Fig. 1
of origin, to prevent its dissemination S (m)2
throughout the environment. The Bell of
Acquisition is the essential element in
this case, consisting of a box CAPTURE CABIN
closed with an open face to the
harmful emission and which part of a
evacuation duct activated by Speed
a mechanical extractor. in the
duct
The project of a bell vc
Capture or Extraction must resolve
two main issues:
a) Shape, dimensions, and location of PLENUM
the Bell.
b) Calculation of the necessary flow rate and CONTAMINANT
vp
determination of the speeds vc
for air capture and the va
speed
arrastre. of
speed entry
of
drag

BASIC CONCEPTS.
UNITS
Amount of air (V): As in the
conditioning processes of Slots Fins Deflectors
air occurs at low pressures,
Can air be considered as a vr
incompressible fluid and thus the quantity
the existing air in a premises matches
with the volume of it. Its expre-
The session is done in cubic meters, m.3 vr
vr
Air Flow (Q): This concept
it involves moving air and therefore
hay que relacionar la cantidad con el
time in which it circulates. It is expressed in
cubic meters per hour m/h and, 3 to
times, in liters per second l/s. The
the formula for the relationship between both is:

3 = 3.6 l/s.
1 m/h
Air Speed (v): The speed
of the air with which a
determined flow (Q) that passes through ENTRIES TO THE CAPTURE CABIN Fig. 2
a section (S) of duct or other
 Technical Sheets

space is determined by the BELL ON A TANK Necessary flow:

formula:
FOUR OPEN SIDES
Q(m3/h) 3 = 5.000PHv
Q[m /h]
V(m/s) = P = perimeter [m]
3.600(m2) va = capture speed,
from 0.25 to 2.5 m/s
This speed determines a pressure BOTH SIDES (L and M)
0'4H L H
from the air towards the circulation OPEN (tank width)
of the same that is called Pressure Q = 3.600(L + M) Hv a
Dynamic (P)d whose expression is: AN OPEN SIDE (L)
2 Q = 3.600 LHv a
v(m/s) This type of recruitment is not recommended for detachment. In all: Speed in the duct:
P(mm
d c.d.a.) = toxic fumes; it should only be applied for water vapor or vc = 10 to 15 m/s
16.3 harmless vapors. Losses entry n = 0.25
Fig. 3
This pressure (P) dadded to the Pressure FREELY SUSPENDED BELL
Static (P) that
e the air produces in
all addresses within the
conduit or enclosure, they give the Pressure
Total (P),twhich constitutes the 3 = 3.600 (10d + S)
Q(m/h) 2 V

Bernoulli's equation, fundamental d[m] distance of the bell

to the fountain of
in the study of fluids (air) in contaminant
movement S[m ]2 = L X M [m]
va capture speed [m/s]
Pt = Pe + Pd
DEFINITIONS
Pollutant
Bell: Device designed for
the capture of contaminated air. Fig. 4
It tends to have a bony shape. TANKS FOR COATINGS
ELECTROLYTIC
Cabin: It has a parallelogram shape. The necessary flow:
foot resting on the ground, Fig. 5
3 = KLM
Q[m/h]
closed, with an open face by the K= from 1,000 to 10,000 (usually
what it aspires to. from 3,000 to 5,000

Coefficient "n": It is a constant L, Meters [m]

The air speed in the slot:
that evaluates the pressure drop of a v≥10 m/s
r
element inside the pipeline or
With this acquisition, it is maintained
entry to it.
pollutant removed from the area
Smoke: It is a suspension of of the worker's breathing.
solid particles in the air and that
shape in the combustion process or
Bells in Special Cases
sublimation.
Fog: Small droplets of liquid
suspended in the air.
Pressure drop: It is the loss of The required flow:
pressure that originates when circulating the 3 = 2.750 (10d +2S) v
Q[m /h] a
air through a duct, at the entrance
or obstacles in it, due to S = L x M [m]2
to the friction, to the change of direction
the shocks. It is measured in millimeters of
air column (mm c.d.a.) or else
in Pascals, 1 mm c.d.a. = 9.81
Pascal. Fig. 6
INVERTED BELLS
Entry losses: It is the loss
of load that occurs when entering the
air to a duct or element
of the ventilation system. S= [m ]2 surface of the mouth of the
campana =L X M[m]
Plenum: It is an intercalated chamber
v=
a capture speed of the
in a conduction or capture of contaminante [m/s]
air to equalize the pressure.
Necessary flow
Dust: They are small particles 3 = 3.600v S
A) Q [m/h] a
solids that are created from others B)Q= 3.600 (10d + 2S) v a
larger particles due to
mechanical crushing processes,
drilling, explosions, etc. Fig. 7
 Technical Sheets

CAPTURE BY CENTRAL SLOT

Atmospheric Pressure: It is due to
the weight of the air that surrounds us. It
measured with a barometer. The pressure
The speed in the duct must Normal atmospheric pressure is 760 mm.
serve c≥ 10 m/s c.d.m. (mercury column) that
Entry losses = 1.8 equivalent to 10.334 mm c.d.a.
The speed in the plenum must Nozzle: Intake Element
be the same as the slots. whose design narrows the mouth of
The speed in the slots must recruitment to increase the
becoming greater than or equal to 10 m/s
r air speed.
If the width of the tank is > 1.80 m
It is advisable to have two outlets. Vapor: Substance in a gaseous state
Fig. 8 of air and if it reaches 3 m it is that is usually in liquid form
totally necessary. the solid. One passes from one to another
CAPTURE BY LATERAL SLOTS
Provide a loose section to the state by variation of the
Q Q final of the plenary.
temperature.
The width of the tank determines the
vc types of fundraising to adopt: Capture speed (or of
Slots drag) V: It is
45° vc Up to 0.5 m a side groove a the speed of the air
in the mouth of a bell or booth
from 0.5 to 1 m It is advisable necessary to overcome the currents
Piece slots on both
treated sides opposite and collect, (drag), air,
H
gases, dust or smoke, forcing them to
from 1 to 1.25 m, two are needed
grooves enter them.
M L
1.25 m The best thing is to close. Speed in the duct (or of
the tank in a transport) V: Itc is the speed of the
Fig. 9 cabin
air inside the duct needed
SEMI-LATERAL CAPTURE The surface of the liquid must remain to prevent solid particles
at least 150 mm below
Fig. 10 the opening of the slot. in suspension sediment and remain
deposited in it.
It is advisable to place lids on top.
tank trucks, when they are used, Input speed (V): It is the
just like cleaning doors in the e
conducts. air speed at the mouth of the
bell or another element of
It is good practice to couple the
air extractors through joints recruitment.
elastic tubes to avoid
vibrations. Speed in the plenum (V): It is p
the average speed within the
uniformity chamber of
air pressures once captured.

PORTABLE POLISHING BANK Speed in the slots (V): It is r

the air velocity at the openings
Necessary flow: what the cabins are equipped with for
2/3 wide Q = 3.000 to 5.000 m/h3 per m of
2 distribute evenly the
duct surface of the bench. extraction.

0.75 Q DESIGN PRINCIPLES

S= m2
Opening A Vc Any intake mouth if
Opening B
it has flanges, that is, edges
Deflector Vc in A: 5 m/s
plans of a certain width that the
Vc in B: 1 m/s surround, will reduce the air flow
necessary in approximately a
Gate 25%
sliding door Fig. 11
FOUNDING If the dimensions indicated in the
drawing fulfill,
Necessary flow:
Hot pieces: D > d > D/2
Q = 7.500 m3/h per m 2of surface
from mold release grill. the drag speed must be:
Cold pieces:
Q = 5.500 m/h3 per m of
2 surface
grilled.

The soil collection hoppers

they must have an extraction
equivalent to 10% of the total volume
extracted.

Fig. 12
 TECHNICAL SHEETS

Q SMALL PAINTING CABINS

Va =
2.750(10 d 2+ 5) B Filter Fig. 13 The worker needs a mask
M = piece to be made + 0.3 m.
d H = piece to be made + 0.3 m.
The drag velocity V decreasesa B C= 0.75 MóH (the largest of the
B C
with the square of the distance, this C C two)
3 per m (3.800
2
Q = 3.800 m/h MH).
yes, at a distance double from the focus of For a surface up to 0.35 m. 2
d
pollution to the bell, Q = 2.800 m3/h per m 2for
45° 2
a necessary flow corresponds Filter M surface greater than 0.35 m.
Duct speed: v0 5–15 m/s
quadruple. Loss entry:
c

H With screens = 1.8 Pd (slot)

CAPTURE BY BELL + 0.5 Pd (duct) with filters,
(m/s) Quota B = 0.75 D D + 150 mm D + 150 mm dirty = Pd (pipe)
Type of Work Va Vc Filtros = 0,6 MH 0.6 MH 0.75 MH

Gases or vapors 0.25 to 0.5 12 INLET BY NOZZLE

SUSPENDED NOZZLE
Welding gases 0.5 to 1 15
Steam boiler 0.75 10 Necessary flow:
Varnished stove 1 to 1.25 8 3 = 13.500dv
Q[m /h]
Drilling 2 22 a
L[m] = Longitud de la tobera
d[m] = Distancia a la fuente
CABIN CAPTURE of the pollutant
v[m/s]=
a Velocidad de captura
Painting, grinding 1 to 2.5 15 to the distance
Aerography 2 10 TOBERA ON TOP OF A
Sharpened 1 18 TABLE
3 = 10.000L dv
Q[m .h]
Packing machine 0.25 to 0.5 a
L[m]
(Descending aspiration) Fig. 14
Explosion engines 3,500 m/h. 3 2
LABORATORY BELL
Impregnated tank 3,500 m/h. m 3 2
Necessary flow:
vc
Manual forge 1 8
3
Q = 1.800 Sm /h/m 2
for
Slots materials of normal toxicity.
(they close)
Cabin Capture with the door 3
Q = 2.800 Sm /h/m 2
for
open, up highly toxic materials.
Frosted 2.5 to 10 15 Slots
Perforated rocks, vertical 0.3 18 adjustables S = Open surface, [m ] 2

descendant 1 Door of
guillotine Speed in the duct:
Silver welding 0.5 10 vc = 5 a 10 m/s

VARIOUS Vc Air entry Losses at the entrance

n = 0.5
All vapors and gases 9 to 10 Fig. 15
Powdered seeds, jute or rubber 10 INDUSTRIAL KITCHEN HOOD
Electric welding 10 to 13 vc vc CUT TYPE
Cotton rags, flour
of grasses and wood, Necessary flow:
lithography powders 13 to 15 3 = 1.150L
Q[m /h]
Wood shavings 15 Length in meters [m]
Grinding metal powder 16
Rubber ends, threads of Speed in the duct
vc = 5 a 20 m/s
yute, cotton dust, from
soap and bakelite, light shavings Input loss: n = 0.25
made of wood and leather 15 to 20 inferior to the previous cases
by the gradual entry into the duct
Grinding powder, made of jute,
wool, granite and cutting prod. Fig. 16
ceramics and clay pottery
BARBECUE
foundry and packaging prod.
textiles, coffee beans, flour
Necessary flow:
silica, fine metal shavings 18 to 20
Heavy sawdust, Q[m 3/h] = 1.800 LH
metal turned, vibrated
Speed in the duct:
and poured into casting, pro- vc = 5 a 15 m/s
sandblasting, cubes
made of wood, lead dust Losses entry:
n = 0.25
with particles, of cement, n = 0.25 duct
of asbestos in the cut of = Loss filters + 2.5 + 0.25 Pd
conductos, desperdicios (conduct)
linen sticky, powder of
cal viva y finos de carbón 25 y + Fig. 17

Printed on 135 Grs. Matte Eco Paper.