Proctor Test for Soil Compaction Analysis
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ScribdTranslationsProctor Test for Soil Compaction Analysis
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Introduction :
The Proctor test, developed by engineer Ralph R. Proctor (1933), is a
testgeotechnicswhich allows to determine thewater contentnecessary to obtain the
maximum dry density of agranular soilby fixed energy compaction (weight dam and
standard dimensions.
The Proctor test aims to determine the reaction of soil to compaction based on its
water content and to determine its optimum dry density. It serves as a reference for the
compaction objectives.
there are two types of tests, the Normal Proctor reserved for structural layers and embankments,
and the Modified Proctor used for the subbase layers.
Ralph Roscoe Proctor (1894-1962)
[Link] of the essay:
The Proctor test aims to determine, for a given compaction intensity, the
water content at which a soil must be compacted to achieve the dry density
maximum. The water content thus determined is called 'optimum water content'
Proctor
[Link] of the essay:
The test involves compacting into a standardized mold using a tamper.
normalized, 2.5kg of soil to be studied is added 4% water and its is measured
water content and its specific dry weight after compaction.
The test is repeated several times on samples taken to
different moisture content levels. Thus, several points on a curve are defined.
(γd ; w)we draw this curve that represents a maximum whose abscissa is
the optimal water content and the optimal and the ordinate the optimal dry density.
[Link] apparatus:
Proctor Mold.
Give me normal Proctor.
Straightedge.
Bac.
Sieve 5 and 20mm.
Graduated cylinder.
Brush, trowel and broom.
Small boxes (measuring water content).
Balance and precision balance.
Steamer.
Oil burette (to lubricate the mold).
[Link] of the devices used:
[Link] procedure:
We take 2.5 kg of previously prepared sand and pour it into a container.
4% water is added relative to the weight of the sand used (i.e., 100ml).
With the trowel, we mix the sand well.
We fill the standardized Proctor mold in three layers and then after
for each layer we compact using the standard Proctor method
25 strokes while respecting the drop height and ensuring a
fair distribution of blows on the surface to be compacted, (We proceed
in the same way for the 2nd and 3rd layers).
Once the mold is filled, we level the sand with a leveling rule.
(since the sand slightly exceeds the mold limit).
Weigh the mold with the soil inside on a scale.
Then a sample is taken from the surface of the mold, and then it is removed.
based on this last one in order to take a second sample.
On the scale, we measure the masses of the two samples and then we do them.
place in the oven for at least 24 hours, at the end of which we will
retest the samples.
The test is repeated 5 times in a row on samples brought to a
increasing water contents (4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, 20%).
[Link] of the standard Proctor test:
[Link] of results:
Bulk density of dry soil (notation ):
=( + )/( + + )= /
Bulk density (or specific) of solid grains (notation ):
= /
Water content (notation w) is expressed as %:
= . /
[Link] obtained :
1eressay 2emetest 3emetest 4emetest 5emetrial
Mass of the mold 4090 4090 4090 4090 4090
(g)
Mass (mold + 5600 5770 5910 6000 5900
sol) (g)
Task number 23 21 45 19 30
Mass of defects 38.5 38.5 38.5 39 38.5
(g)
Mass (gross + tare) 64 64 72.5 75 80
humid (g)
Mass (gross + tare) 63 62.5 68 70.09 73.09
sec (g)
Volume (cm3) 948 948 948 948 948
w = Mw/Ms (%) 4.08 6.25 15.25 15.79 19.98
ρh=Mt/Vt 1.59 1.77 1.92 2.01 1.91
(g/cm3)
ρd=ρh(1+w) 1.53 1.68 1.67 1.74 1.59
(g/cm3)
we draw the curve ρddepending on dew, we obtain:
ρddepending on w
1.8
1.75
1.7
1.65
1.6
1.55
1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25
w
10. Analysis of the results and comments:
From this curve, we find by projection:
the optimal water content is:
= . %
the maximum dry density is:
= . /
The compaction curve we obtained is found to be underform.
from a bell it means that for 0<w<wopthave an arrangement of particles
from the ground and for w>woptwe have a substitution of solid grains.
[Link] conclusion:
On stabilization sites, densities are generally required.
dried equal to 90% or 95% of the dry density
maximum Determined in the Proctor test; hence the importance of having in
moment of Compaction a water content very close to the content in
optimum water.