TABLES

Specific Weights of Common Building Materials

Loose Material kg/m³

Dry Sand 1.300 to 1.600
Wet Sand 1.700 to 2.300
Fine Dry Sand (0 to 1mm) 1.500
Coarse Dry Sand (1 to 8mm) 1.800
Dry Clay 1,600 to 1,800
Wet Clay 1,800 to 2,100
Hydrated Lime 1,600 to 1,800
Hydraulic Calculation 700
Cal in Powder 1,000
Cal Virgin 1.400 to 1.600
Bulk Cement 1.400 to 1.600
Cement in Bags 1,200
Powdered Gesso 1.400
Hydrated Gesso (in block) 1,800 to 2,600
Coal/Anthracite 900
Iron Ore 2.800
Dry Apiloada Land 1,000 to 1,600
Wet Piled Earth 1,600 to 2,000
Sandy Earth 1.700
Siliceous Earth 1,400
Dry Topsoil 1.200 to 1.300
Wet Soil 1,600 to 1,800
Construction Debris 1.500

b) Rocks and Materials Apparent Specific Weight

Rocky and Fragmented kilograms per cubic meter
Slate 2,600 to 2,700
Dry Quartz Sand 1,700
Wet Quartz Sand 1,800 to 2,000
Arenito 2.100 to 2.300
Basalt 2.900
Basalt Gravel 1.700
Calcareous or Sandy Gravel 1,600
Granite Brita 1.800
Compact Limestone 1,800 to 2,600
Light Calcareous 1,600
Rocky Gravel 1,500
 Wet Rock Gravel 1,800 to 2,000
Gneiss 2,600
Granite 2.600 to 3.000
Marble 2,500 to 2,800
Soapstone 2.700
Marroada Rock 1.600 to 1.700
Sandy Pebble 1.600
Pumice Stone 1,600
c) Artificial Blocks kg/m³
(Manufactured)
Mortar Block (stucco) 2.200
Cement (for flooring) 2,200 to 2,400
Cement-Asbestos 1.900
Ceramic Tiles 1,800 to 2,200
Hollow Brick 1,100 to 1,400
Solid Brick 1,800 to 2,000
Calcium Silicate Brick 1,900 to 2,200
Porous Brick 1.000 to 1.100
Glazed Brick 1.900

d) Coatings and Concretes kg/m³

Hydraulic Lime Mortar 2,000 to 2,200
Cement/Lime/Sand Mortar 1.900
Cement and Sand Mortar 2.100
Plaster Mortar (stucco) 1,400
Lime and Sand Mortar 1.700
Plain Concrete 2,400
Reinforced Concrete 2.500
Concrete with Brick Aggregate 1.800
Concrete with Expanded Clay 2,000
Concrete with Slag Gravel 1,500
Cement Mortar Plaster 2.000
Lime Mortar Plaster 1.700

e) Metals kg/m³
Steel 7.800
Aluminum 2.600
Bronze 8,500
Lead 11.300
Copper 8.900
Tin 7.400
Wrought Iron 7.900
Cast Iron 7,400
Brass 8.500
Zinc 7.200
f) Miscellaneous Materials kg/m³
Tar 1,200
Alcohol 800
 Asphalt 1,600 to 2,000
Gaskets (joints) 1.700
Mineral Powdered Coal 700
Coal in Stone 1,600 to 1,900
Charcoal 400
Powdered Cement 1.100 to 1.700
Cement Clinker 1.500
Cork Composite 400
Natural Cork 240
Blast Furnace Slag 2.200
Firewood 500
Paper 1,400 to 1,600
Plástico (em chapas/caros) 2.100
Porcelains 2.200
Resins 1.000
Turf 300 to 600
Glass 2,400 to 2,600
Zarcão 240
Madeira
Madeiras leves (cedro, jequitibá, pinho,
araucaria, riga pine, and pinus heliotis up to 600kg/m³
Medium hardness woods, workable in
carpentry and woodworking (cinnamon, cherry,
eucalyptus, freijó, gonçalo alves, imbuia
louro, field peroba, ivory wood and from 600 to 750 kg/m³
rosewood)
Hardwoods, for structures or
exposure to the elements (red angico,
white and black, batinga, braúna, cabriúva
oak, guajuvirá, yellow ipe, jacaranda
maçaranduba, mahogany, red oil, above 750kg/m³
pink peroba, purple roxinho, and sucupira
Note: Woods considered with 15% humidity.

2) Specific Weights of Common Materials in Roads

"IN SITU" (before excavation) t/m³

First category material (sand, clay or gravel) 1.7
Second category material (mold or decomposed rock) 2.1
3rd category material (solid rock) 2.7

Loose Material
1st and 2nd category materials 1.4
Fractured rock 1.5
Marble rock 1.6
Gravel, sand, crushed stone, and hand stone 1.5

Bituminous Material
 Bituminous materials 1

Compacted Material
Subsequent to regularization or after reinforcement has been applied. 1.8
Blocking layer (sand or stone dust) 1.8
Sub base 1.9
Intermediate Base (AASHO) 2.1
Base (modified AASHO) 2.2
Soil-cement base 2
Soil-bitumen base 2
Base of gravel-soil 2.1
Graded gravel base 2.15
Gravel base 1.95
CBUQ 2.3
Cold pre-mixed 2.2
3) Bulking and Conversion Factor of Earth Volumes
Source: Caterpillar Manual

kg/m³ no % Factor kg/m³ of

Material cut of of I love you.
(state loose state employment conversation
natural o o
dry clay 1.620 40 0.72 1.170
wet clay 2.100 40 0.72 1.500
anthracite coal 1.560 35 0.74 1.140
bituminous coal 1.350 35 0.74 990
dry land 1.020 15 to 35 0.87 a 750
wet earth 2.100 25 0,80 1.680
dry gravel 1.470 10 to 15 0.87 to 750
wet pebbles 2.340 10 to 15 0.91 a 2.130
gesso 2.580 30 0.77 1.980
iron ore 2.760 18 0.85 2.340
limestone 2.640 65 0.60 1.590
dry sand 1.320 10 0.91 1.140
wet sand 1.470 to 2.340 10 to 15 0.91 to 1.290 to 2.130
sandy stone 2.400 65 0,60 1.440
gravel 2.640 65 0.60 1.590
ore slag 1.740 65 0,60 1.050
foundry slag 1.560 65 0.60 930
porphyry (marble) 3.000 50 0.66 1.980

TABLE - CONVERSION FACTOR OF EARTH VOLUMES

Source: Earthmoving Book - Lopes Pereira

Type Conditions Converted into

from in no loose compressed
alone what is local
sand No local 1.00 1.11 0.95
Loose 0.90 1.00 0.86
Compacted 1.05 1.17 1.00
o
common land No local 1.00 1.25 0.90
Loose 0.80 1.00 0.72
Compact 1.11 1,39 1.00
o
clay No local 1.00 1.43 0.90
Loose 0.70 1.00 0.63
Compact 1.11 1,59 1.00
o
rock extracted by In the local 1.00 1.50 1.30
half of Solto 0,67 1.00 0.87
explosives Compact 0.77 1.15 1.00
limestones and the
equivalents,
compacts
4) Weight of equipment
(for transportation cost calculation)

Equipment for road construction, excavations, and earthworks kg

Front loader, capacity 1.30m³ (item 19.005.030) 9.439
Front loader, capacity 3.10m³ (item 19.005.033) 15.915
Tire compactor, seven tires (item 19.006.006) 5.500
Vibratory compactor, rammer (item 19.006.003) 7,400
Tire compactor, 13 tires, towable (item 19.006.008) 1.950
Tire compactor, towable sheepfoot (item 19.006.009) 2,100
Compressor 170 PCM, towable (item 19.011.002) 1.490
250 PCM compressor, towable (item 19.011.003) 1.780
Compressor 335 PCM, towable (item 19.011.004) 1.910
Compressor 668 PCM, stationary (item 19.011.005) 2.460
Reprocessable bitumen (asphalt) distributor (item 19.006.015) 1.900
Bitumen (asphalt) distributor (item 19.006.016) 3.200
Hydraulic excavator (item 19.005.008) 16,900
Aggregate spreader, towable (item 19.006.018) 860
Machine for joint opening in concrete (item 19.006.022) 75
Excavator-Transporter - 11.00m³ (item 19.005.014) 28.420
Grader (item 19.005.012) 11.800
Drill (item 19.005.002) 23.4
Drilling machine (item 19.005.004) 23.5
Tanden compactor roller (item 19.006.002) 9.400
Vibratory compactor roller (item 19.006.007) 600
Tire compactor roller (item 19.006.004) 9,000
Asphalt/concrete breaker (item 19.005.001) 32.6
Vibrating sock (item 19.006.030) 78
Tire tractor (item 19.005.016) 6.204
D-4 tractor with tracks (item 19.005.017) 7.147
D-6D tractor with tracks (item 19.005.019) 14.610
Backhoe loader (item 19.005.028) 5.603
D-7 crawler tractor (item 19.005.021) 18,000
D-8-L tractor without blade (item 19.005.023) 25.000
D-8-L tractor without blade (item 19.005.025) 30,000
Asphalt paver (item 19.006.019) 10.500
Concrete vibro-finisher (item 19.006.017) 1.750 to 2.200
Concrete vibratory finisher (item 19.006.020) 2,500 to 3,000

Equipment for reinforced concrete structure kg

Concrete mixer, 320l, electric motor (item 19.007.003) 1.420
Concrete mixer, 320l, gasoline engine (item 19.007.001) 1,500
Concrete mixer, 580l, electric motor (item 19.007.005) 1.850
Concrete mixer, 580l, diesel engine (item 19.007.006) 1.950
Concrete projection set (item 19.007.017) 750
Horizontal concrete mixer (item 19.007.007) 3.200
Vibratory screed for concrete (item 19.007.016) 101
Vibrator, electric motor (item 19.007.013) 35
Vibrator, gasoline (item 19.007.015) 45
Weights of rebar CA-25 and CA-50

Diameter (mm) Weight (kg/m)

6.3 (1/4") 0.25

8.0 (5/16") 0.40
10.0 (3/8") 0.63
12.5 (1/2") 1.00
16.0 (5/8") 1.60
20.0 (3/4") 2.50
22.3 (7/8") 3.00
25.0 (1”) 4.00
32.0 (1.1/4") 6:30

CA - 60 (WIRE DRAWN)

3.40 0.07
4.20 0.11
4.60 0.13
5,00 0.16
6.00 0.23
6.40 0.26
7.00 0.30
8.00 0.40

Note:

Mass and tolerance

The actual mass of the bars must be equal to their nominal mass, with
tolerância de + ou - 6% para diâmetro igual ou superior a 10 e de + ou
- 10% for diameters under 10; for the wires, this tolerance is +
you - 6%.