HEAT

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. ________, ________ and ________ scales are used to measure temperature.​
Answer: Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin scales are used to measure temperature.

2. The process by which a solid changes into a liquid state is called ________.​
Answer: The process by which a solid changes into a liquid state is called melting or fusion.

3. The process by which a metal rim is fitted to a cart wheel is called ________.​
Answer: The process by which a metal rim is fitted to a cart wheel is called thermal
expansion and contraction.

4. ________ is the fastest mode of heat transfer.​

Answer: Radiation is the fastest mode of heat transfer.

5. ________ was invented by James Dewar which is a useful household item.​

Answer: A thermos flask (or vacuum flask) was invented by James Dewar, which is a useful
household item.

B. State whether the following statements are true or

false. Correct the false statements.
1. The SI unit of heat is K and temperature is J.​
Answer: False.

●​ Correction: The SI unit of heat is the Joule (J), and the SI unit for temperature is the
Kelvin (K).​

2. Mercury does not stick to the sides of the glass tube.​

Answer: True.

●​ Note: This happens because the cohesive forces (attraction between mercury
molecules) are stronger than the adhesive forces (attraction between mercury and
glass).​

3. The boiling point of water is 0°C.​

Answer: False.
 ●​ Correction: The boiling point of water is 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure. The
freezing point of water is 0°C.​

4. Convection occurs via direct contact.​

Answer: False.

●​ Correction: Convection is the transfer of heat through the actual movement of fluids
(liquids or gases). Heat transfer through direct contact is called conduction.​

5. Radiation does not require any medium to transfer heat.​

Answer: True.

●​ Note: Heat from the Sun reaches Earth through the vacuum of space via radiation.​

Of course! Here are the answers to the questions from the image, based on the Class 7 ICSE
physics syllabus.

C. Choose the correct answer.

1. Which is the process by which a liquid changes to its vapour?​
(a) Fusion​
(b) Vaporisation​
(c) Sublimation​
(d) Solidification

Answer: (b) Vaporisation

●​ Note: Vaporisation is the process where a substance in a liquid state converts to a

gaseous state upon heating.​

2. Which of the following directly changes from solid to its vapour?​

(a) Water​
(b) Naphthalene balls​
(c) Mercury​
(d) Alcohol

Answer: (b) Naphthalene balls

●​ Note: Naphthalene is a substance that undergoes sublimation, meaning it turns directly

from a solid into a gas without passing through a liquid phase.​
3. Which of the following is not an application of expansion of solids?​
(a) Bimetallic strip​
(b) Small gap between concrete slabs​
(c) Ventilator​
(d) Gap between rail tracks

Answer: (c) Ventilator

●​ Note: Ventilators work based on the principle of convection, where warm, less dense air
rises and exits the room. The other options are all examples that account for the thermal
expansion of solids.​

4. Which process is responsible in sea breeze and land breeze?​

(a) Conduction​
(b) Convection​
(c) Radiation​
(d) Thermal expansion

Answer: (b) Convection

●​ Note: Sea and land breezes are large-scale convection currents caused by the uneven
heating and cooling of land and water.​

5. Which mode of transfer includes the movement of molecules during heat transfer?​
(a) Conduction​
(b) Convection​
(c) Radiation​
(d) Solidification

Answer: (b) Convection

●​ Note: Convection is the mode of heat transfer in fluids (liquids and gases) where heat is
carried from one place to another by the actual movement of the molecules of the fluid.​

D. Match the following.

Here are the correct matches for the columns provided:

Column A Column B

1. Temperature (d) Measure of hotness or coldness

 2. Sublimation (e) Camphor

3. Conductor of heat (a) Metals

4. Convection (b) Land breeze

5. Radiation (c) Sideways*

*Note: The term "Sideways" is an unusual descriptor for radiation. Radiation travels in straight
lines in all directions from the source. This match is made by process of elimination.

Of course. Here are the reasons for each of the statements provided in the image, explained
according to the Class 7 ICSE physics syllabus.

E. Give reasons for the following statements.

1. Mercury is used in a thermometer.​
Answer: Mercury is used in thermometers because it has several ideal properties :

●​ It expands and contracts uniformly with temperature changes.​

●​ It is a shiny, opaque liquid, making it easily visible in a narrow glass tube.​

●​ It does not stick to the glass.​

●​ It remains a liquid over a wide range of temperatures.​

2. The electricity and telephone wires expand during summers and contract during
winters.​
Answer: Electricity and telephone wires are made of metal, which, like most solids, expands
when heated and contracts when cooled. During the hot summer months, the wires expand and
sag. In the cold winter, they contract and become tighter. For this reason, they are left a bit
loose when installed to prevent them from snapping in the winter.

3. A bottle should never be filled up to the top on a hot day.​

Answer: On a hot day, the liquid inside the bottle will absorb heat from the surroundings and
expand. Liquids expand more than solids (the bottle itself). If the bottle is completely full, there is
no space for the liquid to expand, and the pressure created by the expanding liquid can cause
the bottle to crack or burst.

4. A metal utensil usually has a wooden or plastic handle.​

Answer: Metals are good conductors of heat, meaning they allow heat to travel through them
quickly. When a metal utensil is heated, the heat travels to the handle. Wood and plastic are
poor conductors of heat (insulators), so they do not get hot, making the handle safe to hold.
5. During the night, wind blows from the land to the sea.​
Answer: This phenomenon is called a land breeze. During the night, the land cools down
faster than the sea. The air above the cooler land also cools, becomes denser, and sinks,
creating an area of high pressure. The sea, being warmer, heats the air above it, which
becomes less dense and rises, creating an area of low pressure. Wind then flows from the
high-pressure area over the land to the low-pressure area over the sea.

F. Explain the following terms.

1.​ Thermometric fluid​

2.​ Heat energy​

3.​ Vaporisation​

4.​ Solidification​

5.​ Thermal expansion​

F. Explain the following terms

1. Thermometric fluid

A thermometric fluid is a liquid used in a thermometer to measure temperature.​

It expands and contracts uniformly with change in temperature.

Examples: Mercury and coloured alcohol.

2. Heat energy

Heat energy is a form of energy that flows from a hot object to a cold object.​
It increases the temperature of a body and can also cause change of state (like ice melting).

3. Vaporisation

Vaporisation is the change of a liquid into vapour (gas) on heating.​

It occurs when a liquid gains enough heat energy.

Example: Water boiling to form steam.

4. Solidification

Solidification is the change of a liquid into a solid on cooling.​

It happens when heat is removed from a liquid.

Example: Water turning into ice.

5. Thermal expansion

Thermal expansion means increase in the size of a substance when it is heated.​

Most solids, liquids and gases expand when heated and contract when cooled.

Example: Railway tracks have gaps to allow expansion in heat.

Below are the extracted questions and ICSE Class 7 level answers.

G. Differentiate between the following. Give examples wherever applicable.

1.​ Conductors of heat and insulators of heat​

2.​ Land breeze and sea breeze​

3.​ Conduction, convection and radiation​

1. Conductors of heat and insulators of heat

Conductors of Heat Insulators of Heat

Substances that allow heat to pass Substances that do not allow heat to pass
through easily are called conductors. through easily are called insulators.

Metals are good conductors. Wood, plastic, rubber, and wool are good
insulators.

Example: Copper, iron, aluminium Example: Wood, plastic, thermocol

2. Land breeze and sea breeze

 Land Breeze Sea Breeze

Blows from land to sea Blows from sea to land

Happens at night Happens during the day

Land cools faster than sea at night. Cool Sea water remains cooler than land during the
air from land moves towards the sea. day. Cool air from sea moves towards land.

3. Conduction, convection and radiation

Conduction Convection Radiation

Heat is transferred Heat is transferred by Heat travels in straight lines

through direct contact of movement of liquid or gas without any medium (does not
particles. particles. need matter).

Occurs mainly in solids. Occurs in liquids and Can occur through vacuum
gases. (empty space).

Example: Metal spoon Example: Hot air rising from Example: Heat coming from the
heating in hot soup a heater Sun

H. Answer the following questions in brief.

1.​ What are the things to be kept in mind while making a thermometer?​

2.​ What are the scales used in measuring temperature?​

3.​ What are convection currents?​

4.​ What are good and bad conductors of heat? Give examples.​

5.​ Write down three applications of heat radiation.​

1. What are the things to be kept in mind while making a thermometer?

While making a thermometer, we must ensure:

 ●​ A uniform and narrow tube so liquid rises smoothly.​

●​ A clear scale marked for reading temperature.​

●​ Use of a proper thermometric fluid (like mercury or coloured alcohol).​

●​ The fluid must expand evenly on heating.​

●​ A bulb at the bottom to hold the liquid.​

2. What are the scales used in measuring temperature?

The common scales used to measure temperature are:

●​ Celsius scale (°C)​

●​ Fahrenheit scale (°F)​

(For higher classes, Kelvin (K) is also used, but not needed here.)

3. What are convection currents?

Convection currents are the circular movement of fluids (liquids or gases) due to heating.​
Warm air or liquid rises, and cooler air or liquid sinks, forming a loop.

Example: Heating water in a vessel or warm air rising near a heater.

4. What are good and bad conductors of heat? Give examples.

●​ Good conductors are materials that allow heat to pass through easily.​
Examples: Copper, iron, aluminium.​

●​ Bad conductors (insulators) do not allow heat to pass through easily.​

Examples: Wood, plastic, rubber, wool.​

5. Write down three applications of heat radiation.

Applications of heat radiation:

1.​ Sunlight warming the Earth​

2.​ Room heaters warming air without touching it​

3.​ Solar cookers using sun’s heat to cook food​