NCERT Solutions For Class 7 Social Science
Chapter 3 - Climates of India
1. Match the climatic factors with their effects:
Column A Column B
(a) Brings wet air to India during
(1) Latitude
summer
(b) Creates different climates in
(2) Altitude
the north and south
(3) Proximity to the ocean (c) Keeps higher places cooler
(4) Monsoon winds (d) Moderates the temperature
Ans:
Column A Answer
(b) Creates different climates in the north
(1) Latitude
and south
(2) Altitude (c) Keeps higher places cooler
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Column A Answer
(3) Proximity to
(d) Moderates the temperature
the ocean
(4) Monsoon
(a) Brings wet air to India during summer
winds
2. Answer the following questions:
a) What is the difference between weather and climate?
Ans: Weather is what we experience from day to day, like wind, rain, heat,
or dryness, and it changes often. Climate is the long-term pattern of
weather in a region, observed over many years or decades.
b) Why do places near the ocean have milder temperatures than places
far away from it?
Ans: The sea moderates the temperature of nearby places, so places near
the ocean have cooler summers and milder winters. Inland areas, away
from the sea, experience extreme temperatures—very hot summers and
very cold winters.
c) What role do monsoon winds play in affecting India’s climate?
Ans: Monsoon winds bring a large amount of moisture to India during
summer, causing heavy rainfall that is crucial for crops and water supply.
In winter, the winds reverse and bring mostly dry conditions.
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d) Why is Chennai warm or hot throughout the year, while Leh is cold?
Ans: Chennai is near the Equator and at sea level, making it warm or hot
all year round. Leh is at a high altitude in the Himalayas, so it remains cold
throughout the year because temperature decreases with height.
3. Look at a map of India given at the end of this book. Identify the
climate for these cities — Leh, Chennai, Delhi, Panaji and Jaipur.
Ans:
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1. Leh: Located in the mountains (Himalayas), it has an alpine and cold
climate because of high altitude.
2. Chennai: On the coast, near the sea. It has a tropical climate, is hot and
humid year-round, and receives heavy rainfall.
3. Delhi: Located inland in the northern plains. It has a subtropical climate
with hot summers and cold winters; far from the sea, so temperatures are
extreme.
4. Panaji: On the west coast, by the sea. It experiences a tropical wet
climate with heavy monsoon rains and mild temperature variations.
5. Jaipur: Situated in the north-west, near the Thar desert. It has an arid
climate—very hot summers, cool winters and little rainfall.
● Places in the mountains are cold due to high altitude (Leh).
● Places near the sea are milder and humid (Chennai, Panaji).
● Desert regions are dry and hot with little rainfall (Jaipur).
● Inland plains have extreme temperatures (Delhi).
4. Draw the monsoon cycle in summers and winters on a map of India.
(i). Label where the winds blow in summer and winter
(ii). Show the direction of winds during the monsoon
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Ans:
In summer, winds blow from the ocean to the land (southwest monsoon),
bringing rains. Mark the arrows from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
towards India.
In winter, winds reverse—from land to ocean (northeast monsoon),
resulting in dry weather in most regions. Draw arrows from northern India
towards the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.
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5. Make a colourful poster showing festivals in India linked to farming
and weather (e.g., Baisakhi, Onam). Add pictures or drawings of these
festivals.
Ans:
Students should draw and decorate a poster displaying festivals such as
Baisakhi (North India, harvest festival), Onam (Kerala, linked to harvest),
Pongal (Tamil Nadu), Lohri (Punjab), and Makar Sankranti (pan-India),
showing how these are celebrated and their connection to agriculture and
rainy seasons.
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6. Imagine you are a farmer in India. Write a short diary entry about how
you would prepare for the rainy season.
Ans: Today I am busy preparing my field before the monsoon arrives. I
have cleaned the irrigation channels and bought seeds to sow as soon as
the rains start. I also checked the storage area for grains to prevent
dampness. The rainy season brings hope for a good harvest.
7. Identify a natural disaster (e.g., cyclone, flood, landslide, or forest fire)
and write a short essay that includes the causes and impacts. Suggest
actions that individuals, communities and the government can take to
reduce the impact.
Ans: Floods are among the most frequent natural disasters, occurring
when an excess of water spills over onto normally dry land. They can result
from heavy rainfall, overflowing rivers, dam failures, or melting glaciers. In
coastal regions, storms and tsunamis can also cause severe flooding.
Floods have devastating effects on people, property, and the environment.
They damage homes, roads, and agricultural land, leaving many families
displaced. Contaminated floodwater can spread diseases, while the
destruction of crops and livestock disrupts food supply and weakens the
economy. In extreme cases, floods can lead to loss of life and large-scale
displacement.
To minimize flood damage, individuals should avoid constructing houses
in flood-prone areas and keep essential emergency supplies ready.
Communities can take preventive measures such as building
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embankments, planting trees, and maintaining clean drainage systems to
reduce waterlogging. Governments should strengthen dams, enhance
weather forecasting, and offer timely relief to affected populations.
Through careful planning and awareness, the adverse effects of floods
can be significantly reduced.
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