Base Number System
A base number system, also known as a radix or numeral system, is a mathematical notation
that represents numbers using a specific set of digits or symbols. Each base number system
has its own unique characteristics and applications, and is used in various fields such as
mathematics, computer science, and engineering.
Some common base number systems are as follows:
Base 2 - Binary Number System
The binary number system is a base-2 number system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
Base 8 - Octal Number System
The octal number system is a base-8 number system that uses eight digits: 0-7.
Base 10 - Decimal Number System
The decimal number system is a base-10 number system that uses ten digits: 0-9.
Hexadecimal Number System (base 16)
The hexadecimal number system is a base-16 number system that uses ten digits: 0-15.
Note that usually, the hexadecimal digits used are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E,
and F, where the letters A through F represent the digits corresponding to the numbers 10
through 15 (in decimal notation).
1. What is the decimal expansion of the integer that has (1 0101 1111)2 as its binary
expansion?
Solution: We have
2. What is the decimal expansion of the number with octal expansion (7016)8?
Solution: Using the definition of a base b expansion with b = 8 tells us that
3. What is the decimal expansion of the number with hexadecimal expansion
(2AE0B)16?
Solution: Using the definition of a base b expansion with b = 16 tells us that
Find the octal expansion of (12345)10.
Solution:
8 12345
8 1543 - 1
8 192 – 7
8 24 – 0
3–0
Hence, (12345)10 = (30071)8
4. Find the hexadecimal expansion of (177130)10.
Solution:
16 173130
16 11070 - 10
16 691 – 14
16 43 – 3
2 – 11
Hence, (177130)10 = (2B3EA)16
(Recall that the integers 10, 11, and 14 correspond to the hexadecimal digits A, B, and E,
respectively.)
5. Find the binary expansion of (241)10.
Solution:
2 241
2 120 - 1
2 60 – 0
2 30 – 0
2 15 – 0
2 7–1
2 3–1
2 1–1
Hence, (241)10 = (1111 0001)2
Here, a table is given for the integers 0 to 15 with their expansions in Decimal, Binary,
Octal and Hexadecimal systems.
6. Find the octal expansions of (11 1110 1011 1100)2.
Solution:
To convert (11 1110 1011 1100)2 into octal notation we group the binary digits into
blocks of three, adding initial zeros at the start of the leftmost block if [Link]
blocks, from left to right, are 011, 111, 010, 111, and 100, corresponding to 3, 7, 2, 7,
and 4, respectively.
Consequently, (11 1110 1011 1100)2 = (37274)8.
7. Find the hexadecimal expansions of (11 1110 1011 1100)2.
Solution:
To convert (11 1110 10111100)2 into hexadecimal notation we group the binary digits
into blocks of four, adding initial zeros at the start of the leftmost block if necessary.
These blocks, from left to right, are 0011,1110, 1011, and 1100, corresponding to the
hexadecimal digits 3, E, B, and C, respectively. Consequently, (11 1110 1011 1100)2 =
(3EBC)16.
8. Find the binary expansions of (765)8 and (A8D)16.
Solution:
To convert (765)8 into binary notation, we replace each octal digit by a block of three
binary digits. These blocks are 111, 110, and 101. Hence, (765)8 = (1 1111 0101)2. To
convert (A8D)16 into binary notation, we replace each hexadecimal digit by a block of
four binary digits. These blocks are 1010, 1000, and 1101. Hence, (A8D)16 = (1010
1000 1101)2.